Linguistics (Academic Linguistics)
Reference skill for academic linguistics with a focus on Russian, English,
and French. Methodology + working tools; detailed material is in
references/.
When to Use
- Phonetic/phonological analysis, IPA transcription of words and sentences (RU/EN/FR)
- Morphological and syntactic analysis, glosses, inflectional analysis
- Corpus analysis: queries, frequency, collocations, quantitative methods
- Historical linguistics: language comparison, reconstruction, sound laws
- Planning French learning from scratch (or preparing teaching materials)
Not for: plain text translation (without linguistic analysis), generative
AI/NLP engineering, language learning without an academic framework.
Routing
Load the reference for the task:
| Task |
Reference |
| IPA, transcription, phonetic analysis |
references/phonetics-phonology.md |
| Morphology, syntax, glosses, typology |
references/morphosyntax.md |
| Corpora, frequency, collocations, statistics |
references/corpus.md |
| Comparative-historical method, reconstruction |
references/historical.md |
| Learning French from scratch, plan, French phonetics |
references/french.md |
Combine references for mixed tasks (for example, historical phonology
→ historical.md + phonetics-phonology.md).
Methodology
- Determine the language and level: linguistic analysis requires specifying the language
and (for corpora) register/period. Default: Russian, English,
French — as specified by the user.
- Load the needed reference and follow its conventions.
- Format the result according to academic conventions:
- IPA — in square brackets
[ ] for allophones, in slashes / / for phonemes.
- Glosses — interlinearly according to Leipzig rules (see morphosyntax.md).
- Corpus data — always with indication of corpus, sample size, and period.
- Separate analysis and interpretation: describe what is observed (form) separately
from explanations (function/hypothesis), mark hypotheses as hypotheses.
- Verify data against primary sources (corpora, dictionaries, reference works),
not from model memory. Mark anything doubtful explicitly.
Quick Reference
- Phonemes RU/EN/FR: see phonetics-phonology.md → vowel/consonant tables.
- Glossing: see morphosyntax.md → Leipzig rules + list of abbreviations.
- Corpora: RNC
ruscorpora.ru, COCA/BNC english-corpora.org, French —
FrTenTen (SketchEngine), Est Républicain/Leipzig. More details in corpus.md.
- Sound laws Proto-Slavic → Russian: second palatalization, loss of reduced vowels,
akanye. More details in historical.md.
Common Mistakes
| Mistake |
Correct approach |
| Transcription based on spelling rather than pronunciation |
Transcribe according to actual pronunciation (for RU — taking vowel reduction into account) |
| Confusing a phoneme and an allophone |
Check minimal pairs; mark allophones with square brackets |
| Glosses without abbreviations or without word order |
Follow Leipzig rules: form on the line under the word, abbreviations in capitals |
| Frequency without normalization |
Normalize per million word forms (ipm), indicate corpus size |
| Etymological claims without verification |
Verify against etymological dictionaries; cognate ≠ borrowing |
| Learning a language "from a textbook at random" |
Use french.md: a CEFR-level plan + phonetics before grammar |
1---2name: linguistics3description: Use when working with academic linguistics: phonetics/phonology and IPA transcription (Russian, English, French), morphosyntax with interlinear glossing, corpus analysis (RNC, COCA/BNC, French corpora), historical linguistics and reconstruction, language comparison, parsing sentences or word forms. Also suitable for planning French learning from scratch and preparing teaching materials in linguistics.4---56# Linguistics (Academic Linguistics)78Reference skill for academic linguistics with a focus on Russian, English,9and French. Methodology + working tools; detailed material is in10`references/`.1112## When to Use1314- Phonetic/phonological analysis, IPA transcription of words and sentences (RU/EN/FR)15- Morphological and syntactic analysis, glosses, inflectional analysis16- Corpus analysis: queries, frequency, collocations, quantitative methods17- Historical linguistics: language comparison, reconstruction, sound laws18- Planning French learning from scratch (or preparing teaching materials)1920**Not for:** plain text translation (without linguistic analysis), generative21AI/NLP engineering, language learning without an academic framework.2223## Routing2425Load the reference for the task:2627| Task | Reference |28|---|---|29| IPA, transcription, phonetic analysis | `references/phonetics-phonology.md` |30| Morphology, syntax, glosses, typology | `references/morphosyntax.md` |31| Corpora, frequency, collocations, statistics | `references/corpus.md` |32| Comparative-historical method, reconstruction | `references/historical.md` |33| Learning French from scratch, plan, French phonetics | `references/french.md` |3435Combine references for mixed tasks (for example, historical phonology36→ `historical.md` + `phonetics-phonology.md`).3738## Methodology39401. **Determine the language and level**: linguistic analysis requires specifying the language41 and (for corpora) register/period. Default: Russian, English,42 French — as specified by the user.432. **Load the needed reference** and follow its conventions.443. **Format the result according to academic conventions**:45 - IPA — in square brackets `[ ]` for allophones, in slashes `/ /` for phonemes.46 - Glosses — interlinearly according to Leipzig rules (see morphosyntax.md).47 - Corpus data — always with indication of corpus, sample size, and period.484. **Separate analysis and interpretation**: describe what is observed (form) separately49 from explanations (function/hypothesis), mark hypotheses as hypotheses.505. **Verify data against primary sources** (corpora, dictionaries, reference works),51 not from model memory. Mark anything doubtful explicitly.5253## Quick Reference5455- Phonemes RU/EN/FR: see phonetics-phonology.md → vowel/consonant tables.56- Glossing: see morphosyntax.md → Leipzig rules + list of abbreviations.57- Corpora: RNC `ruscorpora.ru`, COCA/BNC `english-corpora.org`, French —58 FrTenTen (SketchEngine), Est Républicain/Leipzig. More details in corpus.md.59- Sound laws Proto-Slavic → Russian: second palatalization, loss of reduced vowels,60 akanye. More details in historical.md.6162## Common Mistakes6364| Mistake | Correct approach |65|---|---|66| Transcription based on spelling rather than pronunciation | Transcribe according to actual pronunciation (for RU — taking vowel reduction into account) |67| Confusing a phoneme and an allophone | Check minimal pairs; mark allophones with square brackets |68| Glosses without abbreviations or without word order | Follow Leipzig rules: form on the line under the word, abbreviations in capitals |69| Frequency without normalization | Normalize per million word forms (ipm), indicate corpus size |70| Etymological claims without verification | Verify against etymological dictionaries; cognate ≠ borrowing |71| Learning a language "from a textbook at random" | Use french.md: a CEFR-level plan + phonetics before grammar |
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