Gluestack UI V5:styling

Gluestack UI v5 — Styling Patterns

This sub-skill focuses on styling patterns, theming, colors, spacing, dark mode, and variant management for gluestack-ui v5 (Tailwind v4 CSS-first).

Rule 3: Semantic Color Tokens Over Raw Values (v5)

CRITICAL: You MUST use only Gluestack v5 semantic tokens. In v5, these tokens are defined as CSS custom properties in global.css via @layer theme and mapped to Tailwind utilities via @theme inline — not in a tailwind.config.js. Generic tokens like typography-*, neutral-*, gray-*, slate-*, or any numbered color tokens (red-500, blue-600, etc.) are STRICTLY PROHIBITED.

Prohibited Token Patterns

NEVER use these token patterns:

Correct Semantic Token Replacement Guide

Use Gluestack v5 semantic tokens instead of raw Tailwind colors or arbitrary values:

Available Semantic Token Categories (v5)

CRITICAL: Why Semantic Tokens Are Mandatory

Semantic tokens are NOT optional. They are required for:

1. Theme Consistency - Tokens automatically adapt to light/dark modes
2. Maintainability - Change theme once, update everywhere
3. Intent Expression - text-destructive communicates purpose, text-red-500 doesn't
4. Future-Proofing - Theme changes don't require code updates
5. Accessibility - Tokens ensure proper contrast ratios

If you use generic tokens (typography-*, neutral-*) or numbered colors (gray-500, blue-600), the component will:

• Break in dark mode
• Fail to match the design system
• Create maintenance debt
• Violate gluestack-ui v5 design principles

Alpha Values

All color tokens support alpha values using the / syntax:

// ✅ CORRECT: Using alpha values with semantic tokens
<Box className="bg-primary/90" />
<Text className="text-foreground/70" />
<Box className="border-border/80" />

// ❌ INCORRECT: Never use opacity utilities
<Text className="text-gray-900 opacity-70" />
<Box className="bg-blue-500 bg-opacity-90" />

// ✅ CORRECT: Alpha values, not opacity utilities
<Text className="text-foreground/70" />
<Box className="bg-primary/90" />

Correct Pattern

<Box className="bg-destructive">
  <Text className="text-white">Error message</Text>
</Box>

<Box className="border border-border bg-card">
  <Text className="text-card-foreground">Success!</Text>
</Box>

<Box className="bg-primary/90">
  <Text className="text-primary-foreground">Primary action</Text>
</Box>

Incorrect Pattern

// ❌ PROHIBITED: Numbered color tokens
<Box className="bg-red-500">
  <Text className="text-white">Error message</Text>
</Box>

// ❌ PROHIBITED: Inline hex values
<Box style={{ backgroundColor: '#DC2626' }}>
  <Text style={{ color: 'green' }}>Success!</Text>
</Box>

// ❌ PROHIBITED: Arbitrary color values
<Box className="bg-[#3b82f6]">
  <Text className="text-[#ffffff]">Primary action</Text>
</Box>

// ❌ PROHIBITED: Generic tokens (typography, neutral)
<Text className="text-typography-900">Heading</Text>
<Box className="bg-neutral-100">
  <Text className="text-neutral-600">Description</Text>
</Box>

// ❌ PROHIBITED: Gray/Slate color scales
<Text className="text-gray-700">Content</Text>
<Box className="bg-slate-100 border-gray-300">
  <Text className="text-gray-900">Text</Text>
</Box>

// ❌ PROHIBITED: Opacity utilities instead of alpha
<Text className="text-black opacity-70">Muted text</Text>
<Box className="bg-blue-600 bg-opacity-90">Content</Box>

Rule 3: No Inline Styles

Avoid inline style props when className can achieve the same result.

Resolution Hierarchy (in order of preference)

1. Component props - Use built-in props (size, variant, space)
2. className utilities - Use existing Tailwind/NativeWind classes
3. Gluestack component variants - Use built-in component variants
4. CSS variables (@theme inline) - Tailwind v4 auto-resolves @theme inline tokens into utility classes (bg-primary, text-foreground, etc.)
5. tva (Tailwind Variant Authority) - Create reusable variant patterns
6. NativeWind interop - Enable className on third-party components
7. Inline styles - Only as absolute last resort with documented justification

Correct Pattern

<Box className="w-20 h-20 rounded-full bg-background" />

<Text size="lg" bold className="text-foreground" />

<Button variant="outline" size="lg">
  <ButtonText>Click Me</ButtonText>
</Button>

Incorrect Pattern

<Box
  style={{
    width: 80,
    height: 80,
    borderRadius: 40,
    backgroundColor: "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1)",
  }}
/>

<Text style={{ fontSize: 18, fontWeight: "bold", color: "#000" }} />

Acceptable Exceptions

Inline styles are acceptable for:

1. Dynamic values - Values computed at runtime (e.g., animation values, safe area insets)
2. Third-party component requirements - Components that don't support className
3. Platform-specific overrides - When Platform.select is needed

// Acceptable: dynamic value from hook
<Box style={{ paddingBottom: bottomInset }} />

// Acceptable: animation value
<Animated.View style={{ transform: [{ translateX: animatedValue }] }} />

// Acceptable: platform-specific
<Box style={Platform.select({ ios: { paddingTop: 20 }, android: {} })} />

Rule 4: Spacing Scale Adherence

Use only values from the standard spacing scale. Arbitrary values create maintenance burden.

Allowed Spacing Values

Prohibited Patterns

• Arbitrary values: p-[13px], m-[27px], gap-[15px]
• Non-scale decimals: p-2.7, m-4.3

Correct Pattern

<Box className="p-4 m-2 gap-3" />
<Box className="px-6 py-4 mt-8" />

Incorrect Pattern

<Box className="p-[13px] m-[27px]" />
<Box style={{ padding: 13, margin: 27 }} />

Rule 5: Dark Mode in v5 (NativeWind v5 + UniWind)

In v5, Tailwind v4 uses CSS-first configuration with @layer theme custom properties in global.css. The dark: prefix still works identically for all className usage. However, the underlying implementation differs by engine:

• NativeWind v5: Uses @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) in global.css for system-level theming, plus explicit .dark/.light class selectors for web overrides. Theme switching via Appearance.setColorScheme().
• UniWind: Uses :where(.dark, .dark *) and :where(.light, .light *) selectors for per-theme CSS variables. Theme switching via Uniwind.setTheme().

Both engines use the SAME semantic token names (--primary, --foreground, etc.) mapped through @theme inline — so your className never changes regardless of engine.

Correct Pattern

<Box className="bg-background dark:bg-background" />
<Text className="text-foreground dark:text-foreground" />

<Box className="border border-border dark:border-border" />

Component-Level Dark Mode

const CardView = ({ isDark }: { readonly isDark: boolean }) => (
  <Box className={isDark ? "bg-card" : "bg-background"}>
    <Text className={isDark ? "text-card-foreground" : "text-foreground"}>
      Content
    </Text>
  </Box>
);

Using Data Attributes for States

Gluestack components use data attributes for interactive states. These are automatically applied by the components based on user interaction:

// Correct: Using data attributes for states in tva
const buttonStyle = tva({
  base: 'rounded-md',
  variants: {
    variant: {
      default: 'bg-primary data-[hover=true]:bg-primary/90 data-[active=true]:bg-primary/80',
      destructive: 'bg-destructive data-[hover=true]:bg-destructive/90',
    },
  },
});

// Correct: Data attributes work automatically with component props
<Button disabled={isLoading}>
  <ButtonText>Submit</ButtonText>
</Button>

<Input isInvalid={hasError}>
  <InputField placeholder="Email" />
</Input>

Rule 7: Variant-Based Styling with tva

For components with multiple style variants, use tva (Tailwind Variant Authority).

Correct Pattern

import { tva } from "@gluestack-ui/utils/nativewind-utils";

const cardStyles = tva({
  base: "rounded-lg p-4",
  variants: {
    variant: {
      default: "bg-card border border-border shadow-sm",
      elevated: "bg-card shadow-hard-2",
      outlined: "bg-transparent border border-border",
      filled: "bg-muted",
    },
    size: {
      sm: "p-2",
      md: "p-4",
      lg: "p-6",
    },
  },
  defaultVariants: {
    variant: "default",
    size: "md",
  },
});

const Card = ({ variant, size, className }: CardProps) => (
  <Box className={cardStyles({ variant, size, class: className })} />
);

Using Parent Variants

For sub-components that inherit parent styles:

const buttonTextStyle = tva({
  base: "font-sans",
  parentVariants: {
    variant: {
      default: "text-primary-foreground",
      destructive: "text-white",
      outline: "text-foreground",
    },
    size: {
      sm: "text-xs",
      md: "text-sm",
      lg: "text-base",
    },
  },
});

Rule 8: className Merging for Custom Components

Allow className override in custom components using the class parameter in tva.

Correct Pattern

interface BoxCardProps {
  readonly className?: string;
  readonly children: React.ReactNode;
}

const BoxCard = ({ className, children }: BoxCardProps) => {
  const cardStyles = tva({
    base: "rounded-lg bg-card p-4",
  });

  return <Box className={cardStyles({ class: className })}>{children}</Box>;
};

Using withStyleContext for Parent-Child Communication

For components that need to share context with children:

import {
  withStyleContext,
  useStyleContext,
} from "@gluestack-ui/utils/nativewind-utils";

const SCOPE = "CUSTOM_COMPONENT";
const Root = withStyleContext(View, SCOPE);

const Parent = ({ variant, children }) => (
  <Root context={{ variant }} className={parentStyles({ variant })}>
    {children}
  </Root>
);

const Child = () => {
  const { variant } = useStyleContext(SCOPE);
  return <Box className={childStyles({ parentVariants: { variant } })} />;
};

Layout Components Pattern

// ✅ CORRECT: Using space prop instead of gap className
<VStack space="lg" className="p-4">
  <HStack space="md" className="items-center justify-between">
    <Heading size="xl">Title</Heading>
    <Button variant="default" size="sm">
      <ButtonText>Action</ButtonText>
    </Button>
  </HStack>
  <Box className="bg-card rounded-lg p-4">
    <Text size="md">Content</Text>
  </Box>
</VStack>

Anti-Patterns to Avoid

❌ Don't: Use Generic or Non-Semantic Tokens

STRICTLY PROHIBITED - These token patterns are never allowed:

// ❌ PROHIBITED: Generic typography tokens
<Text className="text-typography-900">Heading</Text>
<Text className="text-typography-700">Body</Text>
<Text className="text-typography-500">Muted</Text>

// ✅ CORRECT: Semantic tokens
<Text className="text-foreground">Heading</Text>
<Text className="text-foreground">Body</Text>
<Text className="text-muted-foreground">Muted</Text>

// ❌ PROHIBITED: Neutral color tokens
<Box className="bg-neutral-100" />
<Text className="text-neutral-600" />
<Box className="border-neutral-300" />

// ✅ CORRECT: Semantic tokens
<Box className="bg-muted" />
<Text className="text-muted-foreground" />
<Box className="border-border" />

// ❌ PROHIBITED: Gray/Slate color scales
<Box className="bg-gray-50" />
<Text className="text-gray-900" />
<Box className="border-gray-200" />
<Text className="text-slate-700" />

// ✅ CORRECT: Semantic tokens
<Box className="bg-background" />
<Text className="text-foreground" />
<Box className="border-border" />
<Text className="text-foreground" />

// ❌ PROHIBITED: Numbered color tokens
<Box className="bg-blue-600" />
<Text className="text-red-500" />
<Box className="border-green-400" />

// ✅ CORRECT: Semantic tokens
<Box className="bg-primary" />
<Text className="text-destructive" />
<Box className="border-primary" />

❌ Don't: Use Raw Color Values

// ❌ PROHIBITED: Arbitrary hex values
<Box className="bg-[#3b82f6]" />
<Text className="text-[#DC2626]" />
<Box style={{ backgroundColor: '#f3f4f6' }} />

// ✅ CORRECT: Semantic tokens
<Box className="bg-primary" />
<Text className="text-destructive" />
<Box className="bg-muted" />

// ❌ PROHIBITED: Named colors
<Text style={{ color: 'red' }} />
<Box style={{ backgroundColor: 'white' }} />

// ✅ CORRECT: Semantic tokens
<Text className="text-destructive" />
<Box className="bg-background" />

❌ Don't: Use Inline Styles When className Works

// ❌ Incorrect
<Box style={{ padding: 16, backgroundColor: '#fff' }} />

// ✅ Correct
<Box className="p-4 bg-background" />

❌ Don't: Use Arbitrary Spacing Values

// ❌ Incorrect
<Box className="p-[13px] m-[27px]" />

// ✅ Correct
<Box className="p-3 m-6" />

Common Styling Patterns

Card with Semantic Tokens

<Box className="bg-card rounded-lg border border-border p-4 shadow-sm">
  <Heading size="lg" className="text-card-foreground">
    Title
  </Heading>
  <Text size="sm" className="text-muted-foreground">
    Description
  </Text>
</Box>

Button Variants with tva

const buttonStyles = tva({
  base: "rounded-md px-4 py-2",
  variants: {
    variant: {
      default: "bg-primary text-primary-foreground",
      destructive: "bg-destructive text-white",
      outline: "border border-border bg-transparent text-foreground",
      ghost: "bg-transparent text-foreground",
    },
  },
});

<Button className={buttonStyles({ variant: "outline" })}>
  <ButtonText>Click Me</ButtonText>
</Button>

Dark Mode Support

<Box className="bg-background dark:bg-background">
  <Text className="text-foreground dark:text-foreground">
    Adaptive content
  </Text>
  <Box className="border border-border dark:border-border">
    <Text className="text-muted-foreground dark:text-muted-foreground">
      Muted text
    </Text>
  </Box>
</Box>

Token Usage Validation

How to Validate Token Usage

Before committing any code, verify that you're using ONLY semantic tokens:

✅ ALLOWED Token Patterns:

• text-foreground, text-muted-foreground, text-card-foreground
• text-primary, text-primary-foreground
• text-secondary, text-secondary-foreground
• text-destructive, text-accent, text-accent-foreground
• bg-background, bg-card, bg-muted, bg-popover
• bg-primary, bg-secondary, bg-destructive, bg-accent
• border-border, border-input, ring-ring
• Alpha values: text-foreground/70, bg-primary/90, border-border/50

❌ PROHIBITED Token Patterns:

• ❌ typography-* (typography-900, typography-700, etc.)
• ❌ neutral-* (neutral-100, neutral-600, etc.)
• ❌ gray-* (gray-50, gray-900, etc.)
• ❌ slate-* (slate-700, slate-200, etc.)
• ❌ Numbered colors: red-500, blue-600, green-400
• ❌ Arbitrary values: [#3b82f6], [#DC2626]
• ❌ Named colors: 'red', 'white', 'black'
• ❌ Opacity utilities: opacity-70, bg-opacity-90

Token Validation Checklist

Before submitting code, verify:

• No typography-* tokens - Replace with text-foreground or text-muted-foreground
• No neutral-* tokens - Replace with semantic equivalents
• No gray-* or slate-* tokens - Replace with semantic equivalents
• No numbered color tokens - Replace with semantic tokens
• No arbitrary color values - Replace with semantic tokens
• No inline style colors - Use className with semantic tokens
• No opacity utilities - Use alpha values instead (/70, /90)
• All colors are semantic - Every color token expresses intent
• Dark mode compatible - Semantic tokens work in both themes
• Reviewed token table - Verified against available semantic tokens list

Common Token Violations and Fixes

// ❌ VIOLATION: typography tokens
<Text className="text-typography-900">Title</Text>
<Text className="text-typography-600">Description</Text>

// ✅ FIX: Use semantic tokens
<Text className="text-foreground">Title</Text>
<Text className="text-muted-foreground">Description</Text>

// ❌ VIOLATION: neutral tokens
<Box className="bg-neutral-50 border-neutral-200">
  <Text className="text-neutral-700">Content</Text>
</Box>

// ✅ FIX: Use semantic tokens
<Box className="bg-background border-border">
  <Text className="text-foreground">Content</Text>
</Box>

// ❌ VIOLATION: gray scale tokens
<Box className="bg-gray-100">
  <Text className="text-gray-900">Heading</Text>
  <Text className="text-gray-500">Subtitle</Text>
</Box>

// ✅ FIX: Use semantic tokens
<Box className="bg-muted">
  <Text className="text-foreground">Heading</Text>
  <Text className="text-muted-foreground">Subtitle</Text>
</Box>

// ❌ VIOLATION: Numbered colors with opacity
<Text className="text-blue-600 opacity-70">Link</Text>
<Box className="bg-red-500 bg-opacity-10">Alert</Box>

// ✅ FIX: Use semantic tokens with alpha
<Text className="text-primary/70">Link</Text>
<Box className="bg-destructive/10">Alert</Box>

Escalation Guidance

When a design request cannot be satisfied with existing patterns:

1. Push back early - Explain performance and maintenance implications
2. Propose alternatives - Map to existing tokens or suggest new semantic tokens
3. Add to design system - If truly needed, add the CSS custom property to global.css @layer theme and map it in @theme inline, then update gluestack-ui-provider/config.ts
4. Document exception - If inline style is unavoidable, add JSDoc explaining why

Reference

• Theme Configuration: @/components/ui/gluestack-ui-provider/config.ts
• CSS Theme: ./global.css (@layer theme { … } + @theme inline { … }) — Tailwind v4 is CSS-first; tailwind.config.js is deleted in v5
• Documentation: https://gluestack.io/ui/docs