1---2name: research-paper-refiner3description: 学术论文英文润色助手,按学术写作标准逐段审查语法、用词、语态与逻辑衔接,输出修改建议与润色后的文本。当用户请求论文润色、语法检查、或提交英文论文片段寻求改进,例如说“帮我润色这段英文”、“这段论文语法有没有问题”、“改成学术英语”,或提及paper polishing、academic writing、manuscript editing、SCI润色等关键词时触发。4license: MIT5---67# Academic Paper Polisher — 学术论文英文润色知识库89帮助用户按照国际学术期刊标准,对英文论文进行逐段审查与润色。涵盖语法纠正、学术用词优化、语态规范、逻辑衔接强化、句式多样化等维度,输出修改建议与润色后文本。1011## Quick Start1213用户只需提供:141. **待润色文本**:一段或多段英文论文内容152. **论文类型**(可选):期刊论文 / 会议论文 / 学位论文 / 综述163. **目标期刊/领域**(可选):如 Nature, IEEE, AAAI, 医学, 计算机等174. **润色侧重**(可选):全面润色 / 仅语法 / 仅用词 / 仅逻辑衔接1819示例:20> "帮我润色这段 Introduction,目标期刊是 NeurIPS,希望语言更地道、逻辑更连贯。"2122---2324## 一、审查维度总览(Review Dimensions)2526润色工作按以下 5 个维度逐项检查,每个维度独立评分并给出修改建议:2728| 维度 | 英文标签 | 审查重点 |29|------|---------|---------|30| 语法 | Grammar | 主谓一致、时态、冠词、介词、从句结构、标点 |31| 用词 | Word Choice | 学术正式度、精确性、搭配、避免口语化 |32| 语态 | Voice & Tense | 主动/被动语态选择、时态一致性 |33| 逻辑衔接 | Coherence & Cohesion | 段内/段间过渡、论证链、信号词使用 |34| 句式 | Sentence Structure | 句式多样性、长短句搭配、并列与从属平衡 |3536---3738## 二、语法审查规则(Grammar Rules)3940### 2.1 高频语法错误清单4142| 错误类型 | 错误示例 | 修正 | 说明 |43|---------|---------|------|------|44| 主谓不一致 | The results of the experiment **shows**... | The results of the experiment **show**... | 主语是 results(复数) |45| 冠词缺失/误用 | We propose **method** to solve... | We propose **a method** to solve... | 可数名词单数需加冠词 |46| 悬垂修饰语 | **Using the proposed method,** the accuracy was improved. | **Using the proposed method, we** improved the accuracy. | 分词短语的逻辑主语须与主句主语一致 |47| Run-on sentence | The model performs well **,** it achieves 95% accuracy. | The model performs well**;** it achieves 95% accuracy. / The model performs well**. It** achieves 95% accuracy. | 逗号不能连接两个独立分句 |48| 不完整比较 | Our method is **more efficient**. | Our method is **more efficient than the baseline**. | 比较级需明确比较对象 |49| 平行结构破坏 | The system can **detect, classify,** and **is able to segment**... | The system can **detect, classify, and segment**... | 并列成分须保持相同语法形式 |50| that/which 混淆 | The model **which** we proposed... | The model **that** we proposed... | 限制性定语从句用 that |51| 数词与名词 | These **phenomenon** indicate... | These **phenomena** indicate... | 注意不规则复数 |5253### 2.2 标点规范5455| 规则 | 正确用法 | 常见错误 |56|------|---------|---------|57| 连续逗号(Oxford comma) | A, B**,** and C | A, B and C(学术写作推荐用 Oxford comma) |58| 破折号 | We used three models — A, B, and C — for comparison. | 前后加空格的 em dash,或无空格的 em dash(取决于期刊风格) |59| 冒号后大写 | 独立句子时大写:**The** result is clear: **The** model outperforms... | 非独立片段时小写 |60| 引号与句号 | 美式:period **inside** quotes. 英式:period **outside** quotes. | 根据目标期刊地区选择 |61| 缩写句号 | e.g., i.e., et al., etc. | 注意逗号:e.g.**,** / i.e.**,** |6263### 2.3 时态规范(按论文章节)6465| 章节 | 推荐时态 | 示例 |66|------|---------|------|67| Abstract | 过去时(描述做了什么)+ 现在时(描述结论) | "We **proposed** a method... The results **show** that..." |68| Introduction | 现在时(描述现状/共识)+ 过去时(描述前人工作) | "Deep learning **has become**... Smith et al. **demonstrated** that..." |69| Methods | 过去时(描述实验过程) | "We **trained** the model on... The data **were** preprocessed..." |70| Results | 过去时(描述实验结果) | "The model **achieved** 95% accuracy. Table 2 **shows**..." |71| Discussion | 现在时(解释意义)+ 过去时(引用结果) | "This result **suggests** that... Our findings **indicated** that..." |72| Conclusion | 过去时(总结工作)+ 现在时(陈述贡献/意义) | "We **proposed** and **evaluated**... This work **contributes** to..." |7374---7576## 三、用词优化规则(Word Choice)7778### 3.1 口语化 → 学术化替换表7980| 口语化用词 | 学术化替换 | 语境说明 |81|-----------|-----------|---------|82| a lot of | numerous / a substantial number of / considerable | 根据修饰对象选择 |83| get | obtain / acquire / achieve / attain | 根据搭配选择 |84| show | demonstrate / illustrate / indicate / reveal | demonstrate 强调证明;indicate 强调暗示 |85| big / huge | substantial / significant / considerable | |86| thing | factor / aspect / element / component | |87| good | effective / favorable / advantageous / robust | |88| bad | adverse / detrimental / suboptimal / inferior | |89| use | employ / utilize / leverage / adopt | utilize 比 use 更正式;leverage 强调优势利用 |90| about | approximately / roughly / circa | 数值描述用 approximately |91| try | attempt / endeavor | |92| look at | examine / investigate / analyze / explore | |93| find out | determine / ascertain / identify / discover | |94| go up / go down | increase / decrease / rise / decline | |95| point out | highlight / emphasize / underscore | |96| deal with | address / tackle / handle / mitigate | |97| make sure | ensure / verify / confirm | |98| kind of / sort of | somewhat / to some extent / partially | |99| start / begin | initiate / commence / undertake | |100| end / finish | conclude / terminate / complete | |101| help | facilitate / enable / assist / contribute to | |102| need | require / necessitate | |103| can | is capable of / is able to / has the potential to | 避免过度替换,can 在学术写作中可接受 |104105### 3.2 模糊表达 → 精确表达106107| 模糊表达 | 精确替代 | 说明 |108|---------|---------|------|109| very good results | statistically significant improvement / a 12% increase in accuracy | 用具体数据替代模糊形容 |110| some researchers | Several studies (Chen et al., 2023; Li et al., 2024) | 用具体引用替代模糊指代 |111| recently | In the past five years / Since 2020 | 给出时间范围 |112| a few | three / a small number of (n=3) | 明确数量 |113| it is known that | Prior work has established that (citation) | 加引用支撑 |114| this is important | This is critical for / This has significant implications for | 说明为什么重要 |115116### 3.3 冗余表达精简117118| 冗余表达 | 精简版本 |119|---------|---------|120| in order to | to |121| due to the fact that | because / since |122| at the present time | currently / now |123| it is worth noting that | Notably, / Note that |124| it should be pointed out that | (直接陈述内容) |125| a total of 50 samples | 50 samples |126| the vast majority of | most |127| in the event that | if |128| has the ability to | can |129| on a daily basis | daily |130| in close proximity to | near |131| take into consideration | consider |132| is in agreement with | agrees with |133| serves the function of | functions as |134135---136137## 四、语态规范(Voice & Tense)138139### 4.1 主动 vs. 被动语态选择140141| 场景 | 推荐语态 | 示例 |142|------|---------|------|143| 描述作者的操作 | 主动(We) | **We** trained the model using... |144| 描述通用方法/已知事实 | 被动 | The data **were** collected from... |145| 强调动作对象 | 被动 | The samples **were analyzed** using mass spectrometry. |146| 描述结果 | 主动优先 | **Our method achieves** 95% accuracy. |147| 描述实验设备/材料 | 被动 | The solution **was heated** to 100°C. |148149### 4.2 常见语态问题150151| 问题 | 错误示例 | 修正 |152|------|---------|------|153| 过度被动 | It was found by us that the results were improved by the method. | We found that our method improved the results. |154| 人称不一致 | The author proposes... We then evaluate... | 统一使用 We 或 The authors |155| 无意义被动 | It can be seen that accuracy increases. | Accuracy increases. / The results show that accuracy increases. |156157### 4.3 学术人称规范158159| 人称 | 使用场景 | 注意事项 |160|------|---------|---------|161| We | 描述本文作者的工作(最常用) | 即使单作者,许多期刊也接受 "We" |162| The authors | 更正式的替代 | 部分期刊偏好此用法 |163| I | 单作者学位论文 | 部分期刊不接受 |164| One | 泛指/假设性陈述 | 较老式,现代学术写作较少用 |165166---167168## 五、逻辑衔接规则(Coherence & Cohesion)169170### 5.1 段内衔接信号词171172| 逻辑关系 | 信号词/短语 | 用法示例 |173|---------|-----------|---------|174| 补充 | Furthermore, Moreover, Additionally, In addition | Furthermore, our method generalizes well to unseen data. |175| 对比 | However, In contrast, Conversely, On the other hand, Nevertheless | However, this approach suffers from high computational cost. |176| 因果 | Therefore, Consequently, As a result, Hence, Thus | Therefore, we adopt a two-stage training strategy. |177| 举例 | For example, For instance, Specifically, In particular | Specifically, we focus on the image classification task. |178| 强调 | Indeed, Notably, Importantly, It is worth noting that | Notably, the improvement is consistent across all datasets. |179| 让步 | Although, Despite, Notwithstanding, While, Even though | Although the model is simple, it achieves competitive results. |180| 总结 | In summary, To summarize, Overall, In conclusion | Overall, the proposed method outperforms existing baselines. |181| 转折 | Yet, Still, Nonetheless, That said | That said, there are several limitations to our approach. |182| 顺序 | First, Second, Finally, Subsequently, Then | First, we preprocess the data. Subsequently, we train the model. |183| 条件 | If, Provided that, Given that, Assuming that | Given that the dataset is imbalanced, we apply oversampling. |184185### 5.2 段间过渡模式186187| 过渡模式 | 说明 | 示例首句 |188|---------|------|---------|189| 钩子句(Hook) | 上段末尾引出下段话题 | "This raises the question of how to efficiently scale the model." |190| 回顾句(Recap) | 下段开头回顾上段结论 | "Having established the effectiveness of our approach, we now turn to..." |191| 对比桥(Contrast Bridge) | 指出上段方法的不足,引出本段 | "While these methods achieve reasonable accuracy, they fail to address..." |192| 问题桥(Question Bridge) | 以问题形式过渡 | "How can we overcome this limitation? In this section, we propose..." |193| 主题句(Topic Sentence) | 每段首句概括本段核心论点 | "The key advantage of our method is its ability to..." |194195### 5.3 常见逻辑衔接问题196197| 问题 | 说明 | 修正策略 |198|------|------|---------|199| 跳跃式论证 | 从 A 直接跳到 C,缺少 B 的过渡 | 补充中间推理步骤或加过渡句 |200| 信号词滥用 | 每句都以 However / Moreover 开头 | 减少信号词,用句式变化体现逻辑 |201| 信号词误用 | 用 Furthermore 表转折 | 转折用 However;补充用 Furthermore |202| 段落过长 | 一段超过 8-10 句 | 按论点拆分为 2-3 段 |203| 段落过短 | 一段仅 1-2 句 | 合并至相关段落或扩展论述 |204| 指代不清 | "This shows..." — this 指代什么? | "This result shows..." / "This finding indicates..." |205206---207208## 六、句式优化规则(Sentence Structure)209210### 6.1 句式多样化策略211212| 策略 | 原句 | 优化后 |213|------|------|--------|214| 分词短语开头 | We use attention mechanism, and we improve accuracy. | **Leveraging** the attention mechanism, we improve accuracy. |215| 倒装强调 | The improvement is particularly notable in low-resource settings. | **Particularly notable** is the improvement in low-resource settings. |216| 插入语 | The model, which was proposed by Smith, achieves... | The model, **proposed by Smith (2023),** achieves... |217| 名词化 | We improved the model, and this led to... | **The improvement of the model** led to... |218| 平行结构 | The method is fast. It is also accurate. It is scalable too. | The method is **fast, accurate, and scalable**. |219| 状语前置 | Accuracy improved significantly when we added data augmentation. | **With data augmentation,** accuracy improved significantly. |220221### 6.2 避免的句式问题222223| 问题 | 示例 | 修正 |224|------|------|------|225| 过长句子(>40 词) | We trained the model on the dataset which was collected from ... and preprocessed using ... and then evaluated on ... | 拆分为 2-3 个短句 |226| 连续短句 | The accuracy is high. The model is fast. It uses less memory. | 合并:The model achieves high accuracy with fast inference and low memory consumption. |227| There is/are 开头 | There are many studies that focus on... | Many studies focus on... |228| It is...that 强调句过多 | It is the attention mechanism that improves... | The attention mechanism improves... |229| 名词堆砌 | deep learning image classification model performance | the performance of a deep learning model for image classification |230231---232233## 七、按章节润色指南(Section-Specific Guide)234235### 7.1 Abstract236237- **长度**:150-300 词(遵循目标期刊要求)238- **结构**:背景(1-2句) → 问题/动机(1句) → 方法(2-3句) → 结果(1-2句) → 结论/意义(1句)239- **时态**:过去时描述工作,现在时描述结论240- **禁忌**:不引用参考文献、不使用缩写(首次出现需全称)、不包含图表编号241242### 7.2 Introduction243244- **结构**(经典"漏斗型"):大背景 → 具体问题 → 现有方法及不足 → 本文方法/贡献 → 论文结构概述245- **关键**:每段须有明确的主题句;引用前人工作时客观评述,不贬低246- **常用句式**:247 - "In recent years, ... has attracted increasing attention."248 - "Despite significant progress, ... remains a challenge."249 - "To address this issue, we propose..."250 - "The main contributions of this paper are as follows:"251252### 7.3 Related Work253254- **策略**:按主题分组(非按时间排列),每组内按时间顺序255- **关键**:指出每项工作与本文的关系;避免纯罗列,要有评述256- **过渡**:每组之间用过渡句连接257- **常用句式**:258 - "A closely related line of work focuses on..."259 - "In contrast to these approaches, our method..."260 - "Building upon the work of X, we extend..."261262### 7.4 Methods263264- **原则**:可复现性 — 读者应能根据描述复现实验265- **结构**:问题形式化 → 整体框架 → 各模块详述 → 训练/优化细节266- **关键**:数学符号首次出现时须定义;步骤按执行顺序描述267268### 7.5 Results / Experiments269270- **结构**:实验设置 → 主实验结果 → 消融实验 → 分析/讨论271- **关键**:先用文字描述趋势,再引用表格/图;避免重复图表中已有的数字272- **常用句式**:273 - "As shown in Table X, our method outperforms..."274 - "We observe a consistent improvement of X% across..."275 - "The ablation study reveals that..."276277### 7.6 Discussion278279- **内容**:解释结果的意义 → 与前人工作的对比 → 局限性 → 未来方向280- **关键**:不回避局限性;讨论应超越结果本身,探讨更广泛的意义281282### 7.7 Conclusion283284- **长度**:通常 1 段,150-250 词285- **结构**:总结方法 → 核心发现 → 意义/贡献 → 未来工作286- **禁忌**:不引入新信息/新数据;不简单重复 Abstract287288---289290## 八、润色输出格式(Output Format)291292对用户提供的每一段文本,按以下格式输出:293294```295### 原文(Original)296[用户提供的原始文本]297298### 审查结果(Review)299300| 维度 | 评级 | 主要问题 |301|------|------|---------|302| 语法 | ✓ 良好 / △ 需改进 / ✗ 问题较多 | 简述问题 |303| 用词 | ✓ / △ / ✗ | 简述问题 |304| 语态 | ✓ / △ / ✗ | 简述问题 |305| 逻辑衔接 | ✓ / △ / ✗ | 简述问题 |306| 句式 | ✓ / △ / ✗ | 简述问题 |307308### 逐句修改(Detailed Changes)3091. **原句**: "..."310 **修改**: "..."311 **原因**: [具体说明修改理由,引用上述规则]3123132. ...314315### 润色后文本(Polished Version)316[完整的润色后段落]317```318319---320321## 九、学科特殊用语提示(Domain-Specific Notes)322323不同学科有各自的写作惯例,润色时应尊重领域特点:324325| 领域 | 特点 | 注意事项 |326|------|------|---------|327| 计算机科学 | 常用主动语态 "We" | 接受较口语化的表达(如 "we run");算法描述需精确 |328| 医学/生物 | 被动语态为主 | "Patients were randomized...";术语需符合 MeSH 标准 |329| 物理 | 简洁、公式驱动 | 数学推导表述要严谨;"one can show that..." 常见 |330| 社会科学 | 较多限定语 | "may", "might", "suggests";避免过于绝对的表述 |331| 工程 | 结果导向 | 强调性能指标和实验验证 |332333---334335## 十、Agent 行为指南336337当用户提交文本要求润色时,按以下流程执行:3383391. **确认信息**:论文类型、目标期刊/会议(如有)、润色侧重3402. **识别章节**:判断文本属于论文的哪个章节,应用对应章节规范3413. **五维审查**:按语法 → 用词 → 语态 → 逻辑衔接 → 句式逐项检查3424. **逐句标注**:对每处修改给出原因,引用具体规则3435. **输出润色版本**:给出完整的润色后文本3446. **总结建议**:概括主要问题类型和改进方向345346**核心原则**:347- 保留作者的原意和论证逻辑,不改变技术内容348- 修改应最小化 — 能改一个词不改整句,能改整句不改整段349- 对不确定是否为错误的地方,以建议形式提出而非直接修改350- 术语以作者使用的为准,除非明显误用351- 对用户标注"请保留"的内容不做修改