hashgraph-online Proximity in navigation
Navigation is a sequence of links where some belong to the same group and others to different groups. Proximity is the cheapest way to communicate the structure — far cheaper and lighter than dividers, sub-headers, or color shifts.
The navigation proximity ladder
Inside a section: gap-1 (4px) between adjacent links
Between sections: gap-6 (24px) — visibly larger
Section heading: closer to its first link than to the previous section
Keep the inside-section gap tight. Aggressive whitespace inside a sidebar wastes vertical space and makes the eye treat each link as its own region.
Sidebar with grouped sections
<nav style="display: grid; gap: 1.5rem; padding: 1rem;">
<div style="display: grid; gap: 0.125rem;">
<p class="nav-heading">Workspace</p>
<a class="nav-link" href="/dashboard">Dashboard</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="/projects">Projects</a>
<a class="nav-link active" href="/team">Team</a>
</div>
<div style="display: grid; gap: 0.125rem;">
<p class="nav-heading">Personal</p>
<a class="nav-link" href="/profile">Profile</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="/notifications">Notifications</a>
</div>
<div style="display: grid; gap: 0.125rem;">
<p class="nav-heading">Account</p>
<a class="nav-link" href="/billing">Billing</a>
<a class="nav-link" href="/security">Security</a>
</div>
</nav>
<style>
.nav-heading {
font-size: 0.7rem;
font-weight: 600;
text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: 0.06em;
color: hsl(0 0% 50%);
padding: 0 0.5rem;
margin-bottom: 0.25rem; /* slightly closer to its first link */
}
.nav-link {
padding: 0.375rem 0.5rem;
border-radius: 0.25rem;
font-size: 0.875rem;
color: hsl(0 0% 25%);
text-decoration: none;
}
.nav-link:hover { background: hsl(0 0% 96%); }
.nav-link.active { background: hsl(0 0% 92%); font-weight: 500; }
</style>
Three sections, no dividers. The 24px gap between sections is unmistakably looser than the 2px gap between links. Section headings recede in tone (uppercase + small + grey) so they don't compete with the links.
When to add a divider
If sections need more separation than proximity alone provides — typically when:
- Sections are conceptually very different (workspace links vs. account/sign-out).
- The sidebar is short (3–4 sections) and you want a strong visual rhythm.
- A sub-section of links is visually similar enough to its parent that proximity alone won't differentiate.
Use the lightest divider that does the job:
<hr style="border: 0; border-top: 1px solid hsl(0 0% 90%); margin: 0;" />
Resist heavy dividers (2px, dark colors) — they read as walls.
Mobile bottom nav
Bottom nav with 3–5 primary destinations should bind tightly horizontally:
<nav class="bottom-nav">
<a href="/feed"><HomeIcon /><span>Home</span></a>
<a href="/search"><SearchIcon /><span>Search</span></a>
<a href="/post"><PlusIcon /><span>New</span></a>
<a href="/inbox"><InboxIcon /><span>Inbox</span></a>
<a href="/me"><UserIcon /><span>You</span></a>
</nav>
<style>
.bottom-nav {
position: fixed; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr);
border-top: 1px solid hsl(0 0% 88%);
background: white;
padding: 0.5rem 0 calc(0.5rem + env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
}
.bottom-nav a {
display: grid; gap: 0.125rem; justify-items: center;
font-size: 0.625rem;
color: hsl(0 0% 40%);
}
.bottom-nav a[aria-current="page"] { color: hsl(220 90% 50%); font-weight: 500; }
</style>
The icon and label are tightly bound (2px gap). The five items distribute equal space across the bar. No dividers; the equal distribution is the proximity signal that they're a peer group.
Breadcrumbs
Breadcrumbs are a rare case where proximity is more uniform — each segment is a separate jump, but they're conceptually a continuous path:
<nav aria-label="Breadcrumb">
<ol style="display: flex; gap: 0.5rem; align-items: center; list-style: none; padding: 0;">
<li><a href="/projects">Projects</a></li>
<li aria-hidden style="color: hsl(0 0% 60%);">/</li>
<li><a href="/projects/acme">Acme</a></li>
<li aria-hidden style="color: hsl(0 0% 60%);">/</li>
<li aria-current="page">Settings</li>
</ol>
</nav>
Equal gaps between segments. Separators (/) live in the gap, recessed in tone. The current page is unlinked and slightly heavier — the only proximity break is the recessive separator.
Command palette groupings
A cmd-K palette typically shows actions grouped by category. Proximity holds groups together:
Recent
Create invoice
Open settings
Actions
Search
Invite teammate
Export workspace
Navigation
Go to dashboard
Go to projects
Each group has a lightly-styled heading (small, uppercase, low contrast). Within each group, items are tightly stacked. Between groups, looser spacing. No dividers needed.
Anti-patterns
- Equal-spaced sections. Sidebar with sections at the same gap as items inside sections. The eye reads it as one long list, not multiple groups.
- Heavy dividers between every section. A sidebar with
<hr>between every group looks like a form. Use space first; dividers only when space alone is insufficient. - Section headings as items. A sidebar where the section heading is styled like a link. Users try to click it. Style headings distinctly (smaller, uppercase, lower contrast, non-clickable cursor) so they read as labels.
- Nested-tree creep. Every link nested under a parent, with indentation creating proximity confusion. Flat structure beats deep nesting in nav.
Heuristics
- Read groups aloud. "Workspace: Dashboard, Projects, Team." If you can hear the pause between groups, proximity is working.
- Compress test. Reduce the section gap to half. If the structure becomes unclear, you needed that gap. If it's still clear, your sections were over-spaced.
- No-divider test. Remove all dividers. If structure collapses, proximity wasn't doing the work and you were over-relying on chrome.
Related sub-skills
proximity(parent).proximity-form-fieldsandproximity-data-tables— same principle in different layouts.hicks-law(cognition plugin) — reducing the count of nav items matters more than how they're grouped; pair this skill with that one.signal-to-noise-ratio— nav is a primary case for SNR discipline; keep chrome minimal.
Source: hashgraph-online/awesome-codex-plugins → plugins/HDeibler/universal-design-principles/plugins/perception-and-hierarchy-principles/skills/proximity-navigation/SKILL.md