Quality Engineering Selector Stability

Quality Engineering: Selector Stability

Priority: P0 (CRITICAL)

Web Ladder

getByRole / getByLabel > getByTestId (data-testid) > attribute CSS. Never XPath, nth-child, or generated class names.

Mobile Ladder

Accessibility id > resource-id / testTag > predicate/uiautomator > XPath. Never XPath.

Framework Map

• React/Next.js: data-testid. React Native: testID + accessibilityLabel.
• Flutter: Semantics(identifier:) for black-box E2E; WidgetKeys stay for widget tests.
• SwiftUI/UIKit: .accessibilityIdentifier. Compose: Modifier.testTag + testTagsAsResourceId = true.

Naming

<screen>-<element>-<role>, kebab-case (e.g. checkout-submit-button).

Insertion Policy

Add ids to leaf interactive/assertable elements only, never layout wrappers. Never rename an existing id — ids are a public contract other tests depend on.

Drift Classes

rename (id changed), restructure (DOM/tree moved), i18n (visible text changed, id untouched).

Anti-Patterns

• Text selectors on translated strings, index-based locators (nth), generated/hashed class names.
• Using accessibilityLabel as a test id (it is user-facing a11y text, not a stable identifier).
• "xpath just for now" — there is no temporary XPath; use the ladder from the first commit.

References

• Selector Ladder Details
• Test-ID Naming
• Insertion Policy
• Drift Classification