Weather

Weather Information Rules

1. Overview

This skill provides weather information from multiple data sources:

• KMA (기상청): Current weather, hourly/daily forecasts, past observations (primary source)
• AirKorea (에어코리아): Fine dust (미세먼지/초미세먼지) data
• AccuWeather: Air quality index (AQI), sunrise/sunset, UV index (supplementary)

2. Weather Script (Primary)

A Python script at scripts/weather.py is the primary tool for weather queries. Always prefer using this script.

Prerequisites

• Python 3.x
• requests and beautifulsoup4 packages
• API keys in scripts/.env (KMA_API_KEY, AIRKOREA_API_KEY)

Usage

# Current weather (KMA 초단기실황)
python3 scripts/weather.py now [--city CITY]

# Daily forecast (KMA 단기예보 + 중기예보, up to 10 days)
python3 scripts/weather.py daily [--city CITY]

# Hourly forecast (KMA 단기예보, up to 3 days)
python3 scripts/weather.py hourly [--city CITY] [--day DAY]

# Past observation (KMA ASOS, any past date)
python3 scripts/weather.py past [--city CITY] [--date YYYYMMDD]

# Air quality (AccuWeather AQI)
python3 scripts/weather.py air [--city CITY]

# Hourly air quality (AccuWeather 24h)
python3 scripts/weather.py air-hourly [--city CITY]

Supported Cities

About 100 locations are registered including sub-districts. Major cities:

seoul, busan, daegu, incheon, gwangju, daejeon, ulsan, sejong, gangneung, chuncheon, jeonju, cheongju, jeju, seogwipo, gumi, suwon, changwon, pohang, gimhae, yeosu, wonju, gyeongju, andong, gimcheon, sangju, yeongju, mungyeong

Sub-districts use {city}-{district} format (e.g., seoul-gangnam, busan-haeundae, suwon-yeongtong). See references/cities.json for the full list.

Examples

# Current weather for Seoul
python3 scripts/weather.py now

# Tomorrow's hourly forecast for Seoul
python3 scripts/weather.py hourly --day 2

# Daily forecast for Busan
python3 scripts/weather.py daily --city busan

# Past observation for Seoul on specific date
python3 scripts/weather.py past --date 20260315

# Air quality for Daegu
python3 scripts/weather.py air --city daegu

Query Strategy

1. First: Try scripts/weather.py (most reliable)
2. Fallback: Use WebFetch with AccuWeather URLs (Section 8)

3. Data Sources by Command

4. KMA Forecast Details

Short-term Forecast (단기예보) - hourly, daily

• Published every 3 hours: 0200, 0500, 0800, 1100, 1400, 1700, 2000, 2300
• Covers up to 3 days with hourly resolution
• Data: temperature (TMP), sky condition (SKY), precipitation probability (POP), precipitation type (PTY), humidity (REH), wind speed (WSD), wind direction (VEC)

Mid-term Forecast (중기예보) - daily

• Published at 0600, 1800
• Covers day 4 ~ day 10
• Temperature: getMidTa (최고/최저기온)
• Weather/precipitation: getMidLandFcst (날씨상태, 강수확률)

Ultra-short-term Observation (초단기실황) - now

• Published every hour
• Data: temperature (T1H), humidity (REH), wind (WSD/VEC), precipitation (PTY/RN1)

ASOS Observation (종관기상관측) - past

• Historical hourly data via kma_sfctm3 API
• Data: temperature, dew point, humidity, wind, pressure, precipitation

5. Sky Condition Codes

6. Precipitation Type Codes

7. Air Quality

AirKorea (미세먼지)

Integrated into hourly output:

• Today: real-time PM2.5/PM10 from AirKorea stations
• Tomorrow/day after: daily forecast grade from AirKorea

AccuWeather AQI (air, air-hourly)

8. AccuWeather Fallback (WebFetch)

If the script fails, use WebFetch with these URL patterns:

# Air quality
https://www.accuweather.com/ko/kr/{city}/{location-key}/air-quality-index/{location-key}

# Sunrise/sunset
https://www.accuweather.com/ko/kr/{city}/{location-key}/weather-today/{location-key}

AccuWeather location keys are stored in references/cities.json under the accuweatherKey field.

9. Sunrise/Sunset

AccuWeather

Available on the weather-today page via WebFetch.

KASI (한국천문연구원)

For precise astronomical data:

10. UV Index Scale

11. Best Practices

Best Practices Query Strategy

1. For current weather: scripts/weather.py now
2. For hourly forecast: scripts/weather.py hourly with --day parameter
3. For multi-day forecast: scripts/weather.py daily
4. For past weather: scripts/weather.py past with --date parameter
5. For air quality: scripts/weather.py air or air-hourly
6. For sunrise/sunset: WebFetch with AccuWeather or KASI

Information Prioritization

When user asks for weather without specifying details:

1. Temperature (high/low or current)
2. Weather condition
3. Precipitation probability
4. Wind information
5. Air quality (if relevant)
6. Sunrise/sunset (if relevant)

Attribution

Cite the data source:

출처: 기상청
출처: 에어코리아
출처: AccuWeather

12. Limitations

• KMA hourly forecasts cover up to 3 days only; beyond that, daily forecasts are provided
• KMA API may have intermittent timeouts; retry once if failed
• ASOS past observations require the KMA ASOS API subscription
• AccuWeather scraping may break if website structure changes
• Grid coordinates (nx, ny) represent 5km cells; nearby locations within the same city share coordinates