Drawio Core XML Format

Draw.io Core XML Format

Purpose

This skill teaches the complete mxGraph XML format used by Draw.io (.drawio) files. It enables correct programmatic generation, reading, and modification of diagrams.

Critical Rules (Memorize These)

1. ALWAYS generate uncompressed XML — Set compressed="false" or use the simplified format.
2. ALWAYS include both structural cells — <mxCell id="0"/> and <mxCell id="1" parent="0"/>.
3. NEVER use duplicate cell IDs — Every ID MUST be unique across the entire file (all pages).
4. ALWAYS use html=1 in style when labels contain HTML markup.
5. NEVER generate compressed/Base64-encoded content — LLMs cannot perform DEFLATE compression.

XML Hierarchy

Draw.io uses a strict four-level nesting:

mxfile                    (file wrapper — optional for single page)
  diagram                 (one per page)
    mxGraphModel          (canvas configuration)
      root                (cell container)
        mxCell id="0"     (REQUIRED: root container)
        mxCell id="1"     (REQUIRED: default layer)
        mxCell id="2"...  (your content: vertices and edges)

Decision Tree: Which Format to Use

Need multi-page diagram?
  YES --> Use FULL format (mxfile > diagram > mxGraphModel)
  NO  --> Need file-level variables (vars attribute)?
            YES --> Use FULL format
            NO  --> Use SIMPLIFIED format (mxGraphModel only)

Simplified Format (Preferred for Single-Page)

<mxGraphModel>
  <root>
    <mxCell id="0" />
    <mxCell id="1" parent="0" />
    <mxCell id="2" value="Hello World" style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;"
            vertex="1" parent="1">
      <mxGeometry x="100" y="100" width="120" height="60" as="geometry" />
    </mxCell>
  </root>
</mxGraphModel>

Draw.io auto-wraps this in <mxfile> and <diagram> when opened.

Full Format (Required for Multi-Page)

<mxfile compressed="false">
  <diagram id="page-1" name="Overview">
    <mxGraphModel dx="1422" dy="762" grid="1" gridSize="10"
                  guides="1" tooltips="1" connect="1" arrows="1"
                  fold="1" page="1" pageScale="1" pageWidth="1169"
                  pageHeight="827" math="0" shadow="0">
      <root>
        <mxCell id="0" />
        <mxCell id="1" parent="0" />
        <!-- Page 1 content -->
      </root>
    </mxGraphModel>
  </diagram>
  <diagram id="page-2" name="Details">
    <mxGraphModel>
      <root>
        <mxCell id="0" />
        <mxCell id="1" parent="0" />
        <!-- Page 2 content -->
      </root>
    </mxGraphModel>
  </diagram>
</mxfile>

Each page has its own independent <mxGraphModel> with its own structural cells.

mxCell: The Universal Building Block

Every visual element is an <mxCell>. There are three types:

Decision Tree: vertex or edge?

Is this a shape/box/icon?
  YES --> vertex="1"
Is this a line/arrow/connector?
  YES --> edge="1"
NEVER set both. NEVER omit both on content cells.

Essential Attributes

mxGeometry: Position and Size

ALWAYS include as a child of <mxCell> with as="geometry".

For Vertices (Absolute Coordinates)

<mxGeometry x="200" y="150" width="120" height="60" as="geometry" />

• x, y: Top-left corner position (0,0 = canvas top-left, y increases downward)
• width, height: Shape dimensions in pixels
• Inside a group: coordinates are RELATIVE to the parent group's top-left corner

For Edges (Relative Positioning)

<mxGeometry relative="1" as="geometry" />

Edge geometry ALWAYS uses relative="1". The x value (-1 to 1) positions the label along the edge path; y offsets perpendicular to the path in pixels.

Style Strings

Styles are strict semicolon-separated key=value; pairs with NO spaces around = or ;:

rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;fillColor=#DAE8FC;strokeColor=#6C8EBF;

Mandatory Style Properties for Vertices

ALWAYS include these two properties on every vertex:

• html=1 — Enables rich text rendering
• whiteSpace=wrap — Enables text wrapping within bounds

Shape-Perimeter Matching

Non-rectangular shapes NEED a matching perimeter value:

Rectangles and rounded rectangles use the default perimeter — no explicit value needed.

Parent-Child Hierarchy

id="0" (root container — NEVER place content here)
  id="1" parent="0" (default layer)
    id="2" parent="1" (shape on default layer)
    id="3" parent="1" (shape on default layer)
    id="4" parent="1" (edge connecting 2 to 3)
  id="5" parent="0" (additional layer)
    id="6" parent="5" (shape on second layer)

Layers

• EVERY cell with parent="0" is a layer
• The default layer id="1" is ALWAYS present
• Additional layers: add more cells with parent="0" and a value for the layer name
• Layer visibility: set visible="0" on the layer cell to hide it
• Layer order: XML document order determines stacking (earlier = behind)

HTML Labels

When using HTML in the value attribute, ALWAYS:

1. Include html=1 in the style string
2. XML-escape ALL HTML characters: < becomes <, > becomes >, & becomes &, " becomes "

<mxCell id="2" value="&lt;b&gt;Title&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br&gt;Subtitle"
        style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;" vertex="1" parent="1">
  <mxGeometry x="100" y="100" width="120" height="60" as="geometry" />
</mxCell>

Custom Metadata (UserObject / object)

To attach custom key-value properties to a cell, wrap it in <object>:

<object id="srv1" label="Web Server" tooltip="Primary server"
        ip="10.0.1.10" environment="production">
  <mxCell style="rounded=1;whiteSpace=wrap;html=1;" vertex="1" parent="1">
    <mxGeometry x="200" y="100" width="120" height="60" as="geometry" />
  </mxCell>
</object>

When using <object>: the id and label attributes move to the wrapper. The inner <mxCell> NEVER has id or value.

Compression: Why AI MUST Use Uncompressed

Draw.io supports DEFLATE + Base64 compression inside <diagram> elements. AI systems MUST NEVER generate compressed format because:

1. LLMs cannot perform binary DEFLATE compression
2. Base64 of compressed data is not predictable by language models
3. Draw.io accepts uncompressed XML without any issues
4. Uncompressed XML is human-readable and debuggable

ALWAYS use uncompressed format. Draw.io reads both formats identically.

Validation Checklist

Before delivering any generated diagram, verify:

• Well-formed XML (parseable by any XML parser)
• Structural cells present (id="0" and id="1" parent="0")
• All IDs unique across the entire file
• Every edge references valid source/target vertex IDs
• Every cell has a valid parent reference
• HTML in value attributes is XML-escaped
• html=1 present in style when labels contain HTML
• whiteSpace=wrap present in style for vertices with text

References

• references/methods.md — Complete attribute and property reference
• references/examples.md — Working XML examples for common patterns
• references/anti-patterns.md — What NOT to do, with explanations