JS Strategy Pattern

JS Strategy Pattern

Define a family of algorithms and make them interchangeable without altering the client

When to Use

• You have multiple algorithms for the same task and need to switch between them at runtime
• You want to avoid large if/else or switch blocks that select behavior based on a type
• The algorithm should be selected by configuration, user preference, or runtime conditions

Instructions

1. Define a strategy interface — each strategy is a function or object with a common method signature.
2. The context accepts a strategy and delegates the varying behavior to it.
3. Swap strategies at runtime by passing a different function/object.
4. Prefer plain functions as strategies in JavaScript — no need for class hierarchies.

// Strategies as plain functions
const strategies = {
  add: (a, b) => a + b,
  subtract: (a, b) => a - b,
  multiply: (a, b) => a * b,
};

function calculate(strategy, a, b) {
  if (!strategies[strategy]) throw new Error(`Unknown strategy: ${strategy}`);
  return strategies[strategy](a, b);
}

calculate('add', 5, 3); // 8
calculate('multiply', 5, 3); // 15

5. Store strategies in a Map or object for O(1) lookup.

Details

The Strategy pattern separates the "what" from the "how." The context knows what operation to perform but delegates the implementation to an interchangeable strategy. In JavaScript, first-class functions make this pattern lightweight — a strategy is just a function.

Trade-offs:

• Clients must know about available strategies to select one
• Adding a new strategy is easy (open/closed principle), but changing the strategy interface affects all implementations
• For trivial cases, a direct function call is simpler than the strategy indirection

When NOT to use:

• When there is only one algorithm that will never change
• When the algorithm selection is known at build time — just import the right function
• For very simple branching — an if/else is clearer than a strategy registry

Source

https://patterns.dev/javascript/strategy-pattern

Process

1. Read the instructions and examples in this document.
2. Apply the patterns to your implementation, adapting to your specific context.
3. Verify your implementation against the details and edge cases listed above.

Harness Integration

• Type: knowledge — this skill is a reference document, not a procedural workflow.
• No tools or state — consumed as context by other skills and agents.

Success Criteria

• The patterns described in this document are applied correctly in the implementation.
• Edge cases and anti-patterns listed in this document are avoided.