itsnex1s docker-cli
Docker and Docker Compose commands for containerization, image building, and container orchestration.
Installation
# macOS
brew install --cask docker
# Verify
docker --version
docker compose version
Images
Build
docker build -t myapp . # Build from Dockerfile
docker build -t myapp:v1.0 . # With tag
docker build -t myapp -f Dockerfile.prod . # Custom Dockerfile
docker build --no-cache -t myapp . # Without cache
docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t myapp . # Specific platform
List & Remove
docker images # List images
docker images -a # Include intermediate
docker rmi myapp # Remove image
docker rmi $(docker images -q) # Remove all images
docker image prune # Remove dangling images
docker image prune -a # Remove unused images
Push to Registry
docker login # Login to Docker Hub
docker tag myapp username/myapp:v1.0 # Tag for registry
docker push username/myapp:v1.0 # Push
docker pull username/myapp:v1.0 # Pull
Containers
Run
docker run myapp # Run container
docker run -d myapp # Detached (background)
docker run -p 3000:3000 myapp # Port mapping
docker run -p 3000:3000 -p 5432:5432 myapp # Multiple ports
docker run --name mycontainer myapp # Named container
docker run -e NODE_ENV=production myapp # Environment variable
docker run --env-file .env myapp # Env file
docker run -v $(pwd):/app myapp # Mount volume
docker run -it myapp /bin/sh # Interactive shell
docker run --rm myapp # Remove after exit
Common Run Patterns
# Web app with hot reload
docker run -d -p 3000:3000 -v $(pwd):/app --name dev myapp
# Database
docker run -d -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORD=secret --name db postgres:15
# One-off command
docker run --rm myapp npm test
Manage
docker ps # Running containers
docker ps -a # All containers
docker stop mycontainer # Stop container
docker start mycontainer # Start stopped container
docker restart mycontainer # Restart container
docker rm mycontainer # Remove container
docker rm -f mycontainer # Force remove running
docker rm $(docker ps -aq) # Remove all containers
Logs & Debug
docker logs mycontainer # View logs
docker logs -f mycontainer # Follow logs
docker logs --tail 100 mycontainer # Last 100 lines
docker exec -it mycontainer sh # Shell into container
docker exec mycontainer ls /app # Run command
docker inspect mycontainer # Container details
docker stats # Resource usage
docker top mycontainer # Running processes
Volumes
docker volume create myvolume # Create volume
docker volume ls # List volumes
docker volume inspect myvolume # Volume details
docker volume rm myvolume # Remove volume
docker volume prune # Remove unused volumes
# Mount volume
docker run -v myvolume:/data myapp
docker run -v $(pwd)/data:/data myapp # Bind mount
Networks
docker network create mynetwork # Create network
docker network ls # List networks
docker network inspect mynetwork # Network details
docker network rm mynetwork # Remove network
# Connect container to network
docker run --network mynetwork myapp
docker network connect mynetwork mycontainer
Docker Compose
Basic Commands
docker compose up # Start services
docker compose up -d # Detached mode
docker compose up --build # Rebuild images
docker compose down # Stop and remove
docker compose down -v # Also remove volumes
docker compose stop # Stop services
docker compose start # Start services
docker compose restart # Restart services
docker compose ps # List services
docker compose logs # View logs
docker compose logs -f api # Follow specific service
docker compose exec api sh # Shell into service
Example docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8'
services:
app:
build: .
ports:
- "3000:3000"
environment:
- DATABASE_URL=postgresql://postgres:secret@db:5432/mydb
volumes:
- .:/app
- /app/node_modules
depends_on:
- db
command: npm run dev
db:
image: postgres:15
ports:
- "5432:5432"
environment:
POSTGRES_USER: postgres
POSTGRES_PASSWORD: secret
POSTGRES_DB: mydb
volumes:
- postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
volumes:
postgres_data:
Production docker-compose.prod.yml
version: '3.8'
services:
app:
build:
context: .
dockerfile: Dockerfile.prod
ports:
- "3000:3000"
environment:
- NODE_ENV=production
restart: unless-stopped
Dockerfile Examples
Node.js
FROM node:20-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY . .
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["npm", "start"]
Multi-stage (Production)
# Build stage
FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci
COPY . .
RUN npm run build
# Production stage
FROM node:20-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=builder /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY package*.json ./
ENV NODE_ENV=production
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["npm", "start"]
Next.js
FROM node:20-alpine AS deps
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci
FROM node:20-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=deps /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY . .
RUN npm run build
FROM node:20-alpine AS runner
WORKDIR /app
ENV NODE_ENV=production
COPY --from=builder /app/public ./public
COPY --from=builder /app/.next/standalone ./
COPY --from=builder /app/.next/static ./.next/static
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["node", "server.js"]
.dockerignore
node_modules
.next
.git
.env*.local
*.log
dist
coverage
Cleanup
docker system df # Disk usage
docker system prune # Remove unused data
docker system prune -a # Remove all unused
docker system prune --volumes # Include volumes
Common Workflows
Development Setup
docker compose up -d db # Start only database
npm run dev # Run app locally
Full Stack Dev
docker compose up --build
# App at localhost:3000, DB at localhost:5432
Production Build & Test
docker build -t myapp:prod -f Dockerfile.prod .
docker run --rm -p 3000:3000 myapp:prod
Deploy to Registry
docker build -t ghcr.io/username/myapp:v1.0 .
docker push ghcr.io/username/myapp:v1.0
Troubleshooting
Container won't start
docker logs mycontainer # Check logs
docker inspect mycontainer # Check config
Port already in use
lsof -i :3000 # Find process
kill -9 <PID> # Kill process
Out of disk space
docker system prune -a --volumes
Permission denied
# Add user to docker group (Linux)
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER