Bun Watch Mode

Watch Mode

Automatic reloading in Bun with --watch and --hot modes

Bun supports two kinds of automatic reloading via CLI flags:

• --watch mode, which hard restarts Bun's process when imported files change.
• --hot mode, which soft reloads the code (without restarting the process) when imported files change.

--watch mode

Watch mode can be used with bun test or when running TypeScript, JSX, and JavaScript files.

To run a file in --watch mode:

bun --watch index.tsx

To run your tests in --watch mode:

bun --watch test

In --watch mode, Bun keeps track of all imported files and watches them for changes. When a change is detected, Bun restarts the process, preserving the same set of CLI arguments and environment variables used in the initial run. If Bun crashes, --watch will attempt to automatically restart the process.

Instead, Bun uses operating system native filesystem watcher APIs like kqueue or inotify to detect changes to files. Bun also does a number of optimizations to enable it scale to larger projects (such as setting a high rlimit for file descriptors, statically allocated file path buffers, reuse file descriptors when possible, etc).

The following examples show Bun live-reloading a file as it is edited, with VSCode configured to save the file on each keystroke.

bun run --watch watchy.tsx

import { serve } from "bun";

console.log("I restarted at:", Date.now());

serve({
  port: 4003,
  fetch(request) {
    return new Response("Sup");
  },
});

In this example, Bun is

Running bun test in watch mode and save-on-keypress enabled:

bun --watch test

--hot mode

Use bun --hot to enable hot reloading when executing code with Bun. This is distinct from --watch mode in that Bun does not hard-restart the entire process. Instead, it detects code changes and updates its internal module cache with the new code.

bun --hot server.ts

Starting from the entrypoint (server.ts in the example above), Bun builds a registry of all imported source files (excluding those in node_modules) and watches them for changes. When a change is detected, Bun performs a "soft reload". All files are re-evaluated, but all global state (notably, the globalThis object) is persisted.

// make TypeScript happy
declare global {
  var count: number;
}

globalThis.count ??= 0;
console.log(`Reloaded ${globalThis.count} times`);
globalThis.count++;

// prevent `bun run` from exiting
setInterval(function () {}, 1000000);

If you run this file with bun --hot server.ts, you'll see the reload count increment every time you save the file.

bun --hot index.ts

Reloaded 1 times
Reloaded 2 times
Reloaded 3 times

Traditional file watchers like nodemon restart the entire process, so HTTP servers and other stateful objects are lost. By contrast, bun --hot is able to reflect the updated code without restarting the process.

HTTP servers

This makes it possible, for instance, to update your HTTP request handler without shutting down the server itself. When you save the file, your HTTP server will be reloaded with the updated code without the process being restarted. This results in seriously fast refresh speeds.

globalThis.count ??= 0;
globalThis.count++;

Bun.serve({
  fetch(req: Request) {
    return new Response(`Reloaded ${globalThis.count} times`);
  },
  port: 3000,
});

• Resets the internal require cache and ES module registry (Loader.registry)
• Runs the garbage collector synchronously (to minimize memory leaks, at the cost of runtime performance)
• Re-transpiles all of your code from scratch (including sourcemaps)
• Re-evaluates the code with JavaScriptCore

This implementation isn't particularly optimized. It re-transpiles files that haven't changed. It makes no attempt at incremental compilation. It's a starting point.