Mfl Storage

MFL Storage & Persistence

File I/O, SQLite, and JSON data handling in MFL.

1. File I/O

Reading files

// Text files
content := read_file("data.txt")       // "" on error (file not found or empty)
bytes := read_file_bytes("data.bin")   // NUL-safe binary read

⚠️ CRITICAL: read_file on a DIRECTORY segfaults

// This crashes with SIGSEGV:
body := read_file("./mydir")  // if mydir is a directory

// Always check with list_dir first:
entries := list_dir("./mydir")
if len(entries) > 0 {
    // It's a directory — handle accordingly
} else {
    body := read_file("./mydir")  // safe
}

list_dir behavior

list_dir(".")                 // returns entries in current directory
list_dir("./subdir")          // returns entries (2 in test)
list_dir("file.txt")          // returns empty []string (not a dir)
list_dir("nonexistent")       // returns empty []string (not found)

list_dir returns:

• Non-empty []string → path is a directory
• Empty []string → path is a file or doesn't exist

Writing files

ok := write_file("output.txt", "hello world")
if ok == -1 {
    println("write failed")
}

// write_file returns -1 on error, some positive value on success
// (it's the number of bytes written? Not documented — check for -1)

Directory operations

entries := list_dir(".")             // list directory
ok := mkdir("newdir")                // create directory (0 ok, -1 error)

2. SQLite

SQLite is embedded directly — no external database needed.

Opening a database

db := sqlite_open("mydb.db")     // returns handle (0 on fail)
memory_db := sqlite_open(":memory:")  // in-memory database

Executing statements

// DDL
sqlite_exec(db, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT, age INTEGER)")

// INSERT with parameterized query (ALWAYS use ? bindings!)
sqlite_exec(db, "INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", []string{"Alice", "30"})
sqlite_exec(db, "INSERT INTO users (name, age) VALUES (?, ?)", []string{"Bob", "25"})

⚠️ ALWAYS use parameterized queries with ? + []string params. Never string-concatenate user input into SQL — there's no SQL injection protection otherwise.

Querying data

// Returns a JSON string: [{"id":1,"name":"Alice","age":30},{"id":2,"name":"Bob","age":25}]
rows_json := sqlite_query(db, "SELECT * FROM users WHERE age > ?", []string{"20"})

Decoding query results

Use parse() with a struct slice witness:

type User struct {
    id   int
    name string
    age  int
}

rows_json := sqlite_query(db, "SELECT * FROM users")
users := parse(rows_json, []User{})

// Now range over the typed slice
for _, u := range users {
    println(u.name + ": " + str(u.age))
}

Decoding single values with json_get

// For pulling one field from a result
val, err := json_get(rows_json, ".[0].name")
// val is the RAW JSON token — a string comes back QUOTED: "\"Alice\""

⚠️ json_get returns the raw JSON token. A string value is quoted. Strip quotes or use parse() for whole objects.

Closing

// SQLite databases are closed automatically when the program exits
// There's no explicit sqlite_close builtin visible

3. JSON serialization

Serialize

type Point struct { x int  y int }

p := Point{x: 10, y: 20}
json_str := json(p)
// json_str = '{"x":10,"y":20}'

Deserialize

type Point struct { x int  y int }

data := `{"x":10,"y":20}`
p := parse(data, Point{})
println(str(p.x))  // 10

// Arrays
points := parse(`[{"x":1,"y":2},{"x":3,"y":4}]`, []Point{})

JSON path queries

data := `{"user":{"name":"Alice","age":30},"tags":["admin","user"]}`

// Multi-assign only!
name, err := json_get(data, ".user.name")
if len(err) == 0 {
    // name is RAW JSON — "\"Alice\"" (with quotes)
    // Strip them or use parse()
}

// Array index
first_tag, err := json_get(data, ".tags[0]")

⚠️ json_get returns QUOTED strings. For clean values, prefer parse() when you have a target type:

type Response struct { user User  tags []string }
resp := parse(data, Response{})
println(resp.user.name)  // clean, unquoted

4. Pattern: key-value store with SQLite

type KV struct { key string  value string }

func kv_set(db, k, v) {
    sqlite_exec(db, "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO kv (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)", []string{k, v})
}

func kv_get(db, k) (v) {
    rows := sqlite_query(db, "SELECT value FROM kv WHERE key = ?", []string{k})
    entries := parse(rows, []KV{})
    if len(entries) > 0 {
        v = entries[0].value
    }
}

func main() {
    db := sqlite_open("kv.db")
    sqlite_exec(db, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS kv (key TEXT PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT)")
    kv_set(db, "greeting", "hello")
    v := kv_get(db, "greeting")
    println(v)  // "hello"
}

5. Binary data

// Read binary file
data := read_file_bytes("image.png")

// Convert to hex
hex := to_hex(data)

// Parse hex back to bytes
restored := from_hex(hex)

// Base64 encode/decode binary
b64 := base64_encode_bytes(data)
decoded := base64_decode_bytes(b64)

6. Reference apps