Paper Reviewing

Overview

Conduct a comprehensive conference-style peer review of an academic paper. This skill analyzes papers across six key dimensions:

1. Novelty: How original and innovative is the work?
2. Technical Soundness: Are the methods correct and well-justified?
3. Clarity: Is the paper well-written and organized?
4. Significance: How impactful is this work?
5. Reproducibility: Can others reproduce the results?
6. Experimental Design: Are experiments properly designed and comprehensive?

The review follows the format and checklist of a specified conference (NeurIPS, ICML, CVPR, ACL, AAAI, ICCV, ICLR) or a generic academic format. Severity can be adjusted (lenient, standard, strict) to calibrate tone and scoring standards.

Arguments

<pdf-path> (required)

Path to the paper PDF file to review. Can be absolute or relative path.

--conference (optional)

Target conference to match review format. Options:

• NeurIPS - Neural Information Processing Systems
• ICML - International Conference on Machine Learning
• CVPR - IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
• ACL - Association for Computational Linguistics
• AAAI - Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
• ICCV - IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision
• ICLR - International Conference on Learning Representations
• If omitted, uses generic academic format

--severity (optional, default: standard)

Tone and scoring calibration:

• lenient - Focus on strengths, constructive framing, generous scoring
• standard - Balanced assessment, typical conference reviewer tone
• strict - Rigorous evaluation, all issues flagged, conservative scoring

Setup

Install dependencies:

python -m pip install -r "BASE_DIR/scripts/requirements.txt"

Required packages:

• PyPDF2 or pdfplumber - PDF parsing and text extraction
• requests - HTTP requests for arXiv and paper searches
• python-dateutil - Date handling

Workflow

Step 1: Extract and Analyze Paper Content

Read the entire PDF using the Read tool. For papers exceeding 20 pages, paginate the reading:

• Pages 1-20 for first batch
• Pages 21-40 for second batch
• Continue in 20-page increments

While reading, compile comprehensive notes:

• Title, Authors, Affiliation: Record metadata
• Abstract: Core claims and contributions
• Introduction: Problem statement and motivation
• Related Work: How authors position their work
• Main Technical Contribution: Core methodology and novelty
• Experimental Setup: Datasets, baselines, metrics
• Results and Analysis: Key findings and ablations
• Discussion and Limitations: Author-acknowledged limitations
• Reproducibility Information: Code availability, hyperparameters, compute requirements

Step 2: Assess Six Core Dimensions

For each dimension, write 2-3 sentences providing specific analysis:

Novelty: Is this genuinely new? What distinguishes it from prior work? Are the ideas incremental or transformative? Does it advance the field in a meaningful way?

Technical Soundness: Are mathematical proofs correct (if present)? Are assumptions justified? Are there logical gaps or unjustified leaps? Do the experiments actually validate the claims? Are there potential flaws in methodology?

Clarity: Is the writing clear and well-organized? Are key concepts explained before use? Are figures and tables informative with good captions? Is the main contribution easy to identify? Are mathematical notations consistent?

Significance: Would this work change how people think about the problem? How many researchers/practitioners would benefit? What is the potential real-world impact? Does it open new research directions?

Reproducibility: Is there sufficient implementation detail to reproduce results? Is code promised or available? Are hyperparameters and training procedures documented? Are computational requirements specified? Can someone independent reproduce the main results?

Experimental Design: Are baselines appropriate and state-of-the-art? Are comparisons fair (same hyperparameter tuning, computational budget)? Are ablations sufficient to understand component contributions? Are error bars/confidence intervals reported? Is evaluation on multiple datasets? Are failure cases discussed?

Step 3: Search for Missing Related Work

Extract 3-5 key technical concepts or method names from the paper. For each concept, execute:

python "BASE_DIR/scripts/paper_search.py" \
  --query "[concept name or method]" \
  --max-results 10 \
  --sort citations

Identify papers that are highly relevant (by citation count, recency, or topical alignment) but NOT cited in the submission. Compile these into a "Missing References" section.

Step 4: Generate Structured Review

Use the conference format from references/conference_formats.md corresponding to --conference argument. If no conference specified, use the Default (Generic) format.

For specified conferences, follow their exact structure:

• NeurIPS: Summary, Strengths, Weaknesses, Questions, Limitations, Ethics Flag, Score (1-10), Confidence (1-5)
• ICML: Summary, Major/Minor Strengths, Major/Minor Weaknesses, Clarity, Prior Work, Reproducibility, Score (1-10), Confidence (1-5)
• CVPR: Summary, Strengths & Weaknesses, Questions, Missing References, Score (1-6), Confidence (1-3)
• ACL: Summary, Strengths, Weaknesses, Comments, Missing References, Soundness/Presentation/Originality/Significance (1-4), Overall (1-5), Confidence (1-5)
• AAAI: Summary, Strengths, Weaknesses, Questions, Assessment, Score (1-10), Confidence (1-5)
• ICCV: Summary, Strengths, Weaknesses, Technical Issues, Missing Experiments, Clarity Issues, Minor Issues, Score (1-6), Confidence (1-3)
• ICLR: Summary, Strengths, Weaknesses, Questions, Minor Issues, Soundness/Presentation/Originality/Significance (1-5), Recommendation, Confidence (1-5)

All reviews include conference-specific checklist items from the reference file.

Step 5: Calibrate Tone per Severity

Adjust language, framing, and scoring based on severity argument:

Lenient:

• Lead with strengths and innovations
• Frame each weakness as "opportunity for improvement" or "could be strengthened by"
• Interpret unclear points charitably
• Acknowledge limitations without penalizing heavily
• Increase overall scores by 1-2 points from neutral assessment
• Use encouraging, supportive language
• Emphasize potential and merit

Standard:

• Balance strengths and weaknesses equally
• Use typical peer reviewer tone (professional, critical but fair)
• Acknowledge merits even when recommending improvements
• Score reflects average conference acceptance bar
• Direct but respectful language
• Fair representation of both positive and negative aspects

Strict:

• Begin with weaknesses and concerns
• Flag all issues including minor presentation problems
• Demand explicit evidence for all claims
• Scrutinize experimental methodology carefully
• Compare rigorously against related work
• Decrease overall scores by 1-2 points from neutral assessment
• Use pointed language to emphasize significance of issues
• No benefit of doubt on ambiguous points

Step 6: Format and Output

Generate final review following conference template. Include:

1. Complete review text in markdown format
2. Structured scoring section with all numerical and categorical ratings
3. Conference-specific checklist items (if applicable)
4. JSON file with missing references search results
5. Metadata: review date, conference, paper title, severity level

Output Format

The review structure (when no conference specified):

# Paper Review: <Paper Title>

## Summary
[2-3 sentence summary of what the paper does and its main contributions]

## Strengths
1. [First strength with specific example or evidence]
2. [Second strength with explanation]
3. [Additional strengths as applicable]

## Weaknesses
1. [First weakness with specific example]
2. [Second weakness with explanation]
3. [Additional weaknesses as applicable]

## Major Issues
1. **[Issue Title]**: [Detailed explanation of the problem]
   → Suggested fix: [Specific actionable suggestion]

2. **[Issue Title]**: [Detailed explanation]
   → Suggested fix: [Specific actionable suggestion]

[Continue for all major issues]

## Minor Issues
1. [Minor issue or suggestion with line/section reference]
2. [Typo or presentation issue]
3. [Additional minor items]

## Questions for Authors
1. [Specific question about methodology, results, or claims]
2. [Clarification requested about experimental setup]
3. [Request for additional analysis or results]

## Missing Related Work

| Paper Title | Key Contribution | Relevance | Should Be Cited In Section |
|------------|-----------------|-----------|---------------------------|
| [Title 1] | [Brief description] | [Why relevant to submission] | [Where in paper] |
| [Title 2] | [Brief description] | [Why relevant to submission] | [Where in paper] |

## Scores

- **Overall Assessment**: [Strong Accept / Accept / Weak Accept / Borderline / Weak Reject / Reject / Strong Reject]
- **Overall Score**: X/10 (or 1-6 for CVPR, etc.)
- **Confidence**: Low / Medium / High / Expert (1-5 scale)
- **Novelty**: Low / Medium / High
- **Technical Soundness**: Low / Medium / High
- **Significance**: Low / Medium / High
- **Clarity**: Low / Medium / High

## Additional Notes
[Any final comments about significance, presentation, or specific feedback]

For conference-specific formats, structure follows the exact template from references/conference_formats.md with appropriate section names and scoring scales.

Output Directory Structure

Reviews are saved to: ./output/paper-reviewing/YYYY-MM-DD-HHMMSS/

Directory contents:

• review.md - Complete review in markdown format
• metadata.json - Metadata including:
  • Paper title and authors
  • Review date and time
  • Conference format used
  • Severity level applied
  • Reviewer notes
• missing_references.json - Search results for potentially missing citations:

  {
    "search_queries": ["concept1", "concept2", ...],
    "results": [
      {
        "query": "concept name",
        "papers": [
          {
            "title": "Paper Title",
            "authors": "Author1, Author2",
            "year": 2024,
            "citations": 150,
            "relevance_reason": "Why this is relevant"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
  

Usage Examples

# Review a paper with NeurIPS format and standard severity
paper-reviewing /path/to/paper.pdf --conference NeurIPS

# Review with strict tone and CVPR format
paper-reviewing paper.pdf --conference CVPR --severity strict

# Lenient review with generic format
paper-reviewing paper.pdf --severity lenient

# Default: generic format, standard severity
paper-reviewing paper.pdf

Best Practices

1. Be Specific: Always reference specific sections, figures, or claims
2. Be Constructive: Frame criticism as actionable improvement suggestions
3. Be Evidence-Based: Support all assessments with evidence from the paper
4. Be Fair: Acknowledge merit even when recommending rejection
5. Be Thorough: Cover all six dimensions; don't focus only on novelty
6. Be Professional: Maintain respectful tone even in strict mode
7. Be Clear: Write review clearly so authors can understand and respond
8. Be Timely: Complete reviews promptly to respect deadlines
9. Flag Conflicts: Note any potential reviewer bias or conflicts of interest
10. Check Reproducibility: Verify code/data availability and documentation claims

Limitations

• Requires PDF in readable text format (scanned PDFs need OCR)
• Cannot verify all experimental claims without running code
• Novelty assessment depends on reviewer's knowledge of field
• Some domain-specific expertise may be needed for specialized fields
• Confidence scores reflect analysis, not ground truth correctness

Conference-Specific Notes

NeurIPS

• Emphasize broader impact and ethical considerations
• Check for reproducibility information extensively
• Verify code/data availability statements

ICML

• Require theoretical proofs or proof sketches
• Demand rigorous experimental methodology
• Check statistical significance testing

CVPR

• Assess visual results quality and diversity
• Require ablation studies
• Compare on standard benchmarks (COCO, ImageNet, etc.)

ACL

• Consider linguistic and linguistic-methodological soundness
• Evaluate dataset quality and annotation agreement
• Flag ethical concerns in NLP applications

AAAI

• Focus on novelty relative to published work
• Assess breadth of experimental evaluation
• Consider applicability and practical impact

ICCV

• Emphasize visual quality and comprehensiveness
• Require multiple dataset evaluation
• Flag missing failure case analysis

ICLR

• Demand theoretical understanding alongside experiments
• Check computational efficiency analysis
• Verify fair baseline comparisons

Related Skills

• paper-summarizing - Generate concise paper summaries
• literature-survey - Build comprehensive literature surveys
• experiment-analyzer - Analyze experimental results and methodology