Simplified Technical English Rewrite

Simplified Technical English rewrite

Rewrite the source in clear, simple English. Apply the rules below in order.

Preserve the meaning

• Keep every fact, number, condition, limit, qualification, warning, sequence, and instruction.
• Do not add a fact, cause, result, example, warning, recommendation, or stronger claim.
• Preserve the original certainty. Keep “can,” “may,” and “must” when they express the source meaning.
• Express a source recommendation as “is recommended to.” Express a source requirement as “must.”
• Keep the subject of every action. Do not assign an action to another person, system, or component.
• Keep the difference between an actual action and a possible action.
• Keep qualifications such as “about,” “approximately,” “normally,” “at least,” and “at most.”
• Keep the original order when order affects meaning.
• Preserve exact commands, identifiers, paths, placeholders, numbers, units, and code.

Example:

Source: “If the token expires or an administrator revokes it, the user must run the CODEPLACEHOLDER command again to obtain a new token.”

Rewrite:

“If the token expires, the user must run the CODEPLACEHOLDER command again. This action gets a new token. If an administrator revokes the token, the user must run the command again.”

Sentences and paragraphs

• Put one main idea in each sentence.
• Use no more than 20 words in each sentence.
• Prefer 18 words or fewer when possible.
• Split sentences at conditions, sequences, and separate actions.
• Repeat the subject after a split when the subject could be unclear.
• Put a condition before the action when this order is clear.
• Use short paragraphs.
• Use numbered steps for an ordered sequence.
• Keep separate conditions separate when combining them could change the meaning.

Example:

Source: “If two users edit the same list at the same time, one user can overwrite the other user's changes without noticing.”

Rewrite:

“If two users edit the same list at the same time, one user can overwrite the other user's changes. The user may not notice the change.”

Words and grammar

• Use common, precise words.
• Prefer the active voice when the meaning stays unchanged.
• Use the present tense for general behaviour.
• Use “before,” “after,” “when,” and “if” for time and conditions.
• Use “must” for a requirement.
• Use “can” or “may” for possibility.
• Use “may” for source possibility expressed with “might.”
• Do not address the reader directly. Do not use “you” or “your.”
• Name the subject when needed, such as “the operator,” “the user,” or “the application.”
• Use “get” instead of “obtain.”
• Use “more” instead of “additional.”
• Use “do” or “complete” instead of “perform.”
• Use “is recommended to” for a recommendation.
• Do not replace a precise limit with a vague word.
• Keep every source qualification, including approximate values.

Example:

Source: “The limit is approximately 100 requests per minute.”

Rewrite:

“The limit is about 100 requests per minute.”

Abbreviations

• Do not use a general abbreviation in the rewrite.
• Write the full technical term for a general abbreviation.
• Use the full term again when this prevents confusion.
• Keep an abbreviation only inside an exact identifier, file name, command, variable name, or required code.
• Write “Java Virtual Machine” instead of “JVM.”
• Write “JavaScript Object Notation” instead of “JSON.”
• Write “application programming interface” instead of “API.”
• Write “web address” instead of “URL.”
• Write “Coordinated Universal Time” instead of “UTC.”
• Write “Secure Shell” instead of “SSH.”

Example:

Source: “The JVM reads the JSON file.”

Rewrite:

“The Java Virtual Machine reads the JavaScript Object Notation file.”

Technical names and code

• Preserve exact names of variables, commands, files, directories, products, and code.
• Do not translate or change a technical identifier.
• Preserve identifier capitalization.
• Keep abbreviations inside exact identifiers.
• Preserve code, paths, placeholders, numbers, units, and meaningful punctuation.
• Explain an identifier only when the source gives its meaning.

Example:

“JAVA_OPTS is an environment variable. If the build fails because of an out-of-memory error, the operator can try to increase the maximum heap size with JAVA_OPTS.”

Final check

Before returning the rewrite, check the complete text.

• Each sentence contains no more than 20 words.
• No general abbreviation remains outside an exact identifier or required code.
• “obtain,” “additional,” “perform,” “should,” and “might” do not remain.
• The rewrite does not address the reader directly.
• Every fact, number, condition, limit, qualification, sequence, warning, and instruction remains.
• No new fact, cause, result, advice, or stronger claim appears.
• Each action has the same subject as the source.
• Each possible action keeps its original uncertainty.
• Each exact identifier, command, placeholder, path, number, unit, and code element remains unchanged.