DOCX

DOCX creation, editing, and analysis

CRITICAL: Use python-docx only

Never use docx-js (JavaScript) for creating new documents. docx-js output will not open in Word for Mac. Always use python-docx via the project venv:

source <workspace>/.venv/bin/activate && python3 - << 'PYEOF'
from docx import Document
# ... build document ...
doc.save("output.docx")
PYEOF

Brand Standards (Bring Your Own Theme)

Apply the configured brand styling below to all new Word documents unless the file has an established template. This is a default palette, swap it for the client or programme's own colours, logo, and fonts per engagement.

Colour Palette

Paste these constants at the top of any build script:

from docx.shared import RGBColor, Pt, Cm, Inches, Emu
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH

NAVY = RGBColor(0x0B, 0x32, 0x54)
BLUE = RGBColor(0x13, 0xB5, 0xEA)
LIGHT_BLUE = RGBColor(0xB1, 0xDA, 0xF6)
PURPLE = RGBColor(0x95, 0x35, 0x8C)
DARK_GREEN = RGBColor(0x00, 0x6E, 0x47)
GREEN = RGBColor(0x00, 0x99, 0x46)
LIGHT_GREEN = RGBColor(0x7B, 0xC1, 0x43)
GREY_BLUE = RGBColor(0x85, 0x98, 0xA9)

Cover Page Pattern

Every Word document MUST include a styled cover page as page 1.

Cover content, in this order:

1. Logo, top-left. Path: <workspace>/Template/logo.png
2. Report title — large, navy text (~24pt bold)
3. Subtitle / date — Bright Blue text (~12pt)
4. Blue rule divider — Bright Blue horizontal line (paragraph bottom border)
5. Synopsis — max 2 plain-English sentences stating the hypothesis and approach. No AI-sounding language ("this analysis leverages...", "comprehensive review..."). Write like you're briefing a project director over coffee. Follow with dot-point key findings.
6. Assumptions — clearly listed. Every assumption must be verified with the user during planning. If unverified, prefix with "Unverified:". Never assume silently.
7. How to Read This Document — list each section with a one-line description of what it contains and what to look for. This is for stakeholders receiving the handover.

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt, Cm, RGBColor
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement

LOGO_PATH = "<workspace>/Template/logo.png"
NAVY = RGBColor(0x0B, 0x32, 0x54)
BLUE = RGBColor(0x13, 0xB5, 0xEA)

doc = Document()

# --- Default font ---
style = doc.styles['Normal']
style.font.name = 'Arial'
style.font.size = Pt(10.5)

# --- Page margins ---
for section in doc.sections:
    section.top_margin = Cm(2.5)
    section.bottom_margin = Cm(2.5)
    section.left_margin = Cm(2.5)
    section.right_margin = Cm(2.5)

# --- 1. Logo ---
doc.add_picture(LOGO_PATH, width=Cm(3))

# --- 2. Report title (navy, 24pt bold) ---
title_para = doc.add_paragraph()
title_run = title_para.add_run("Report Title Here")
title_run.bold = True
title_run.font.size = Pt(24)
title_run.font.color.rgb = NAVY
title_run.font.name = 'Arial'

# --- 3. Subtitle / date (Bright Blue, 12pt) ---
sub_para = doc.add_paragraph()
sub_run = sub_para.add_run("Subtitle or date here")
sub_run.font.size = Pt(12)
sub_run.font.color.rgb = BLUE
sub_run.font.name = 'Arial'

# --- 4. Blue rule divider (paragraph bottom border) ---
def add_bottom_border(paragraph, color="13B5EA", size="6"):
    pPr = paragraph._p.get_or_add_pPr()
    pBdr = OxmlElement('w:pBdr')
    bottom = OxmlElement('w:bottom')
    bottom.set(qn('w:val'), 'single')
    bottom.set(qn('w:sz'), size)
    bottom.set(qn('w:color'), color)
    bottom.set(qn('w:space'), '1')
    pBdr.append(bottom)
    pPr.append(pBdr)

rule_para = doc.add_paragraph()
add_bottom_border(rule_para)

# --- 5. Synopsis ---
syn_heading = doc.add_paragraph()
syn_run = syn_heading.add_run("Synopsis")
syn_run.bold = True
syn_run.font.size = Pt(12)
syn_run.font.color.rgb = NAVY

doc.add_paragraph("Plain-English synopsis here — 1-2 sentences, then key findings below.")
# Add bullet findings using doc.add_paragraph("Finding text", style='List Bullet')

# --- 6. Assumptions ---
asm_heading = doc.add_paragraph()
asm_run = asm_heading.add_run("Assumptions")
asm_run.bold = True
asm_run.font.size = Pt(12)
asm_run.font.color.rgb = NAVY

# --- 7. How to Read This Document ---
htr_heading = doc.add_paragraph()
htr_run = htr_heading.add_run("How to Read This Document")
htr_run.bold = True
htr_run.font.size = Pt(12)
htr_run.font.color.rgb = NAVY

# --- Page break after cover ---
doc.add_page_break()

# ... body content follows ...
doc.save("output.docx")

Table Formatting Standards

from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement
from docx.shared import Pt, RGBColor

def set_cell_shading(cell, fill_hex):
    """Set cell background colour. Use hex string without #."""
    shading = OxmlElement('w:shd')
    shading.set(qn('w:fill'), fill_hex)
    shading.set(qn('w:val'), 'clear')
    cell._tc.get_or_add_tcPr().append(shading)

def style_header_row(row):
    """Navy background, white bold text for header row."""
    for cell in row.cells:
        set_cell_shading(cell, '0B3254')
        for paragraph in cell.paragraphs:
            for run in paragraph.runs:
                run.bold = True
                run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF)
                run.font.size = Pt(11)
                run.font.name = 'Arial'

def style_data_rows(table, start_row=1):
    """Alternating white/light grey rows, 10pt text."""
    for i, row in enumerate(table.rows[start_row:], start=start_row):
        fill = 'FFFFFF' if (i - start_row) % 2 == 0 else 'E6EAEE'
        for cell in row.cells:
            set_cell_shading(cell, fill)
            for paragraph in cell.paragraphs:
                for run in paragraph.runs:
                    run.font.size = Pt(10)
                    run.font.name = 'Arial'

# Usage:
table = doc.add_table(rows=4, cols=3)
style_header_row(table.rows[0])
style_data_rows(table)

Tone Guidance

• Write like you're briefing a project director over coffee
• No AI-sounding language: avoid "leverages", "comprehensive", "robust", "cutting-edge"
• Never use em dashes (—). Use a colon, comma, or rewrite the sentence instead.
• Surface the "so what" first, then the detail
• Bullet points and tables over prose for structured information
• Positive variance → Green (009946). Negative variance → Purple (95358C).

Overview

A .docx file is a ZIP archive containing XML files.

Quick Reference

Converting .doc to .docx

Legacy .doc files must be converted before editing:

python scripts/office/soffice.py --headless --convert-to docx document.doc

Reading Content

# Text extraction with tracked changes
pandoc --track-changes=all document.docx -o output.md

# Raw XML access
python scripts/office/unpack.py document.docx unpacked/

Converting to Images

python scripts/office/soffice.py --headless --convert-to pdf document.docx
pdftoppm -jpeg -r 150 document.pdf page

Accepting Tracked Changes

To produce a clean document with all tracked changes accepted (requires LibreOffice):

python scripts/accept_changes.py input.docx output.docx

Creating New Documents

Always use python-docx. Never use docx-js — output will not open in Word for Mac.

Run via the project venv as an inline heredoc:

source <workspace>/.venv/bin/activate && python3 - << 'PYEOF'
# ... full script here ...
PYEOF

Setup

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches, Pt, Cm, RGBColor, Emu
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH
from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT
from docx.oxml.ns import qn
from docx.oxml import OxmlElement

doc = Document()

# Set default font
style = doc.styles['Normal']
style.font.name = 'Arial'
style.font.size = Pt(10.5)

# Set page margins (2.5cm standard)
for section in doc.sections:
    section.top_margin = Cm(2.5)
    section.bottom_margin = Cm(2.5)
    section.left_margin = Cm(2.5)
    section.right_margin = Cm(2.5)

Page Size

from docx.shared import Cm, Inches

section = doc.sections[0]

# A4 (python-docx default, correct for AU)
section.page_width = Cm(21.0)
section.page_height = Cm(29.7)

# US Letter (if needed)
section.page_width = Inches(8.5)
section.page_height = Inches(11)

# Landscape — swap width and height
from docx.enum.section import WD_ORIENT
section.orientation = WD_ORIENT.LANDSCAPE
section.page_width = Cm(29.7)
section.page_height = Cm(21.0)

Headings

# Headings with navy colour
heading = doc.add_heading("Section Title", level=1)
for run in heading.runs:
    run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x0B, 0x32, 0x54)
    run.font.name = 'Arial'

# Or build manually for full control
para = doc.add_paragraph()
run = para.add_run("Section Title")
run.bold = True
run.font.size = Pt(14)
run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x0B, 0x32, 0x54)
run.font.name = 'Arial'

Lists

# Bullet list
doc.add_paragraph("First item", style='List Bullet')
doc.add_paragraph("Second item", style='List Bullet')

# Numbered list
doc.add_paragraph("Step one", style='List Number')
doc.add_paragraph("Step two", style='List Number')

# Bold lead-in with regular continuation (for recommendations)
para = doc.add_paragraph(style='List Number')
bold_run = para.add_run("Resolve the IRA variance first. ")
bold_run.bold = True
para.add_run("This is a commercial penalty risk. Work with the vendor relationship owner...")

Tables

# Create table
table = doc.add_table(rows=4, cols=3)
table.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER

# Set column widths
for row in table.rows:
    row.cells[0].width = Cm(4)
    row.cells[1].width = Cm(4)
    row.cells[2].width = Cm(8)

# Populate
table.rows[0].cells[0].text = "Column A"
table.rows[0].cells[1].text = "Column B"
table.rows[0].cells[2].text = "Column C"

# Style with the brand helpers (see Table Formatting Standards above)
style_header_row(table.rows[0])
style_data_rows(table)

Images

# Add image with specified width (height auto-scales)
doc.add_picture("/path/to/image.png", width=Cm(3))

# Add image to a specific paragraph (e.g., inline)
para = doc.add_paragraph()
run = para.add_run()
run.add_picture("/path/to/image.png", width=Cm(5))

Page Breaks

doc.add_page_break()

# Or force a page break before a paragraph
para = doc.add_paragraph("New page content")
para.paragraph_format.page_break_before = True

Headers and Footers

section = doc.sections[0]
section.different_first_page_header_footer = False

# Footer
footer = section.footer
footer.is_linked_to_previous = False
footer_para = footer.paragraphs[0]
footer_para.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.RIGHT
footer_run = footer_para.add_run("INTERNAL")
footer_run.font.size = Pt(8)
footer_run.font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0x85, 0x98, 0xA9)

# Header
header = section.header
header.is_linked_to_previous = False
header_para = header.paragraphs[0]
header_run = header_para.add_run("Document Title")
header_run.font.size = Pt(8)

Horizontal Rules (Paragraph Borders)

def add_bottom_border(paragraph, color="13B5EA", size="6"):
    """Add a coloured bottom border to a paragraph (acts as a divider)."""
    pPr = paragraph._p.get_or_add_pPr()
    pBdr = OxmlElement('w:pBdr')
    bottom = OxmlElement('w:bottom')
    bottom.set(qn('w:val'), 'single')
    bottom.set(qn('w:sz'), size)
    bottom.set(qn('w:color'), color)
    bottom.set(qn('w:space'), '1')
    pBdr.append(bottom)
    pPr.append(pBdr)

# Usage — never use a table as a divider
rule = doc.add_paragraph()
add_bottom_border(rule)

Cell Shading (OxmlElement pattern)

def set_cell_shading(cell, fill_hex):
    """Set cell background. Pass hex string without #, e.g. '0B3254'."""
    shading = OxmlElement('w:shd')
    shading.set(qn('w:fill'), fill_hex)
    shading.set(qn('w:val'), 'clear')
    cell._tc.get_or_add_tcPr().append(shading)

Critical Rules for python-docx

• Always use python-docx — never docx-js (output won't open in Word for Mac)
• Run via project venv — source .venv/bin/activate && python3 - << 'PYEOF' ... PYEOF
• Every new doc gets a cover page: logo, title, subtitle, blue rule, synopsis, assumptions, how-to-read, then page break
• Default font is Arial — set on doc.styles['Normal'] at the start of every script
• Use 'List Bullet' and 'List Number' styles — never manually insert bullet unicode characters
• Use OxmlElement for shading — python-docx has no native cell shading API; use set_cell_shading() helper
• Use paragraph borders for dividers — never use empty tables as horizontal rules
• Page breaks — use doc.add_page_break(), not \n or empty paragraphs
• Heading colours — python-docx headings default to black; always set run.font.color.rgb = NAVY after adding
• Table widths — set cell.width on every cell in every row for consistent rendering
• Spacing — use paragraph.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(X) and space_after = Pt(X) for control

Editing Existing Documents

Follow all 3 steps in order.

Step 1: Unpack

python scripts/office/unpack.py document.docx unpacked/

Extracts XML, pretty-prints, merges adjacent runs, and converts smart quotes to XML entities (“ etc.) so they survive editing. Use --merge-runs false to skip run merging.

Step 2: Edit XML

Edit files in unpacked/word/. See XML Reference below for patterns.

Use "Claude" as the author for tracked changes and comments, unless the user explicitly requests use of a different name.

Use the Edit tool directly for string replacement. Do not write Python scripts. Scripts introduce unnecessary complexity. The Edit tool shows exactly what is being replaced.

CRITICAL: Use smart quotes for new content. When adding text with apostrophes or quotes, use XML entities to produce smart quotes:

<!-- Use these entities for professional typography -->
<w:t>Here&#x2019;s a quote: &#x201C;Hello&#x201D;</w:t>

Adding comments: Use comment.py to handle boilerplate across multiple XML files (text must be pre-escaped XML):

python scripts/comment.py unpacked/ 0 "Comment text with & and ’"
python scripts/comment.py unpacked/ 1 "Reply text" --parent 0  # reply to comment 0
python scripts/comment.py unpacked/ 0 "Text" --author "Custom Author"  # custom author name

Then add markers to document.xml (see Comments in XML Reference).

Step 3: Pack

python scripts/office/pack.py unpacked/ output.docx --original document.docx

Validates with auto-repair, condenses XML, and creates DOCX. Use --validate false to skip.

Auto-repair will fix:

• durableId >= 0x7FFFFFFF (regenerates valid ID)
• Missing xml:space="preserve" on <w:t> with whitespace

Auto-repair won't fix:

• Malformed XML, invalid element nesting, missing relationships, schema violations

Common Pitfalls

• Replace entire <w:r> elements: When adding tracked changes, replace the whole <w:r>...</w:r> block with <w:del>...<w:ins>... as siblings. Don't inject tracked change tags inside a run.
• Preserve <w:rPr> formatting: Copy the original run's <w:rPr> block into your tracked change runs to maintain bold, font size, etc.

XML Reference

Schema Compliance

• Element order in <w:pPr>: <w:pStyle>, <w:numPr>, <w:spacing>, <w:ind>, <w:jc>, <w:rPr> last
• Whitespace: Add xml:space="preserve" to <w:t> with leading/trailing spaces
• RSIDs: Must be 8-digit hex (e.g., 00AB1234)

Tracked Changes

Insertion:

<w:ins w:id="1" w:author="Claude" w:date="2025-01-01T00:00:00Z">
  <w:r><w:t>inserted text</w:t></w:r>
</w:ins>

Deletion:

<w:del w:id="2" w:author="Claude" w:date="2025-01-01T00:00:00Z">
  <w:r><w:delText>deleted text</w:delText></w:r>
</w:del>

Inside <w:del>: Use <w:delText> instead of <w:t>, and <w:delInstrText> instead of <w:instrText>.

Minimal edits - only mark what changes:

<!-- Change "30 days" to "60 days" -->
<w:r><w:t>The term is </w:t></w:r>
<w:del w:id="1" w:author="Claude" w:date="...">
  <w:r><w:delText>30</w:delText></w:r>
</w:del>
<w:ins w:id="2" w:author="Claude" w:date="...">
  <w:r><w:t>60</w:t></w:r>
</w:ins>
<w:r><w:t> days.</w:t></w:r>

Deleting entire paragraphs/list items - when removing ALL content from a paragraph, also mark the paragraph mark as deleted so it merges with the next paragraph. Add <w:del/> inside <w:pPr><w:rPr>:

<w:p>
  <w:pPr>
    <w:numPr>...</w:numPr>  <!-- list numbering if present -->
    <w:rPr>
      <w:del w:id="1" w:author="Claude" w:date="2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"/>
    </w:rPr>
  </w:pPr>
  <w:del w:id="2" w:author="Claude" w:date="2025-01-01T00:00:00Z">
    <w:r><w:delText>Entire paragraph content being deleted...</w:delText></w:r>
  </w:del>
</w:p>

Without the <w:del/> in <w:pPr><w:rPr>, accepting changes leaves an empty paragraph/list item.

Rejecting another author's insertion - nest deletion inside their insertion:

<w:ins w:author="Jane" w:id="5">
  <w:del w:author="Claude" w:id="10">
    <w:r><w:delText>their inserted text</w:delText></w:r>
  </w:del>
</w:ins>

Restoring another author's deletion - add insertion after (don't modify their deletion):

<w:del w:author="Jane" w:id="5">
  <w:r><w:delText>deleted text</w:delText></w:r>
</w:del>
<w:ins w:author="Claude" w:id="10">
  <w:r><w:t>deleted text</w:t></w:r>
</w:ins>

Comments

After running comment.py (see Step 2), add markers to document.xml. For replies, use --parent flag and nest markers inside the parent's.

CRITICAL: <w:commentRangeStart> and <w:commentRangeEnd> are siblings of <w:r>, never inside <w:r>.

<!-- Comment markers are direct children of w:p, never inside w:r -->
<w:commentRangeStart w:id="0"/>
<w:del w:id="1" w:author="Claude" w:date="2025-01-01T00:00:00Z">
  <w:r><w:delText>deleted</w:delText></w:r>
</w:del>
<w:r><w:t> more text</w:t></w:r>
<w:commentRangeEnd w:id="0"/>
<w:r><w:rPr><w:rStyle w:val="CommentReference"/></w:rPr><w:commentReference w:id="0"/></w:r>

<!-- Comment 0 with reply 1 nested inside -->
<w:commentRangeStart w:id="0"/>
  <w:commentRangeStart w:id="1"/>
  <w:r><w:t>text</w:t></w:r>
  <w:commentRangeEnd w:id="1"/>
<w:commentRangeEnd w:id="0"/>
<w:r><w:rPr><w:rStyle w:val="CommentReference"/></w:rPr><w:commentReference w:id="0"/></w:r>
<w:r><w:rPr><w:rStyle w:val="CommentReference"/></w:rPr><w:commentReference w:id="1"/></w:r>

Images

1. Add image file to word/media/
2. Add relationship to word/_rels/document.xml.rels:

<Relationship Id="rId5" Type=".../image" Target="media/image1.png"/>

3. Add content type to [Content_Types].xml:

<Default Extension="png" ContentType="image/png"/>

4. Reference in document.xml:

<w:drawing>
  <wp:inline>
    <wp:extent cx="914400" cy="914400"/>  <!-- EMUs: 914400 = 1 inch -->
    <a:graphic>
      <a:graphicData uri=".../picture">
        <pic:pic>
          <pic:blipFill><a:blip r:embed="rId5"/></pic:blipFill>
        </pic:pic>
      </a:graphicData>
    </a:graphic>
  </wp:inline>
</w:drawing>

Dependencies

• pandoc: Text extraction
• docx: npm install -g docx (new documents)
• LibreOffice: PDF conversion (auto-configured for sandboxed environments via scripts/office/soffice.py)
• Poppler: pdftoppm for images

Wiki Compile (post-delivery)

After delivering the output, compile durable findings to the Knowledge Wiki. Read context/wiki-compile-step.md for the full checklist. Skip if the output is formatting-only or contains no new findings (apply the "so what" test).