Agent Teams

Agent Teams Orchestrator

Critical Rules

Use Claude Code's NATIVE agent teams feature. Agent teams are a first-class capability built into Claude Code — do NOT simulate them with bash subprocesses or CLI commands.

• DO: Directly describe the team you want to create in natural language. The platform spawns teammates natively.
• DO NOT: Use bash, subprocess, or claude CLI to create parallel agents.
• DO NOT: Simulate teams by running multiple shell commands.
• DO NOT: Take over when the user explicitly invoked /orchestrate, unless they also explicitly ask for parallel teams, multiple simultaneous agents, or agent-teams.

When to Use Agent Teams vs Subagents vs Single Session

Agent teams add coordination overhead and use significantly more tokens. Choose wisely:

Key difference: Subagents can only report back to the parent. Agent team teammates message each other directly, self-claim tasks, and self-coordinate.

Decision rule: If workers need to communicate with each other → Agent Teams. If not → Subagents or Single Session.

How Agent Teams Work

• Team lead: Your main session. Coordinates work, assigns tasks, synthesizes results.
• Teammates: Separate Claude Code instances, each with its own context window. They can read/write files, run commands, and message other teammates and the lead.
• Shared task list: Central work items with dependency tracking. Tasks auto-unblock when dependencies finish. Teammates self-claim available tasks.
• Mailbox: Inter-agent messaging. Lead ↔ teammates, teammate ↔ teammate.

Critical: Teammates do NOT inherit the lead's conversation history. Whatever context they need, the lead must provide in the spawn prompt. Be generous with initial briefing.

Execution Workflow

Step 1: Assess the Task

Before creating a team, ask:

1. Can this be done in a single session? → Do it yourself.
2. Does it benefit from parallel work? → Continue.
3. Do workers need to communicate with each other? → Agent Teams. If not → Subagents.
4. Are the subtasks naturally independent (different files/modules)? → Good fit for teams.

Best use cases for agent teams:

• Multi-perspective code review (security + performance + maintainability)
• Cross-layer coordination (frontend + backend + tests, each owned by a different teammate)
• Competing hypotheses / research from different angles
• Data-parallel work (each teammate handles a segment)
• Large feature development with naturally separable components

Poor fit:

• Sequential tasks with strong dependencies
• Multiple teammates editing the same file (causes conflicts)
• Simple tasks a single session handles fine
• Anything already expressed as an explicit /orchestrate ... command without a separate request for parallel team execution

Step 2: Design the Team

Start with research, then implement. Agent teams work best when they begin with investigation, review, and analysis — then move to implementation if needed.

Principles from the C compiler project:

1. Task decomposition is everything: Break work into modules that can be independently developed and tested. Each teammate should own distinct files/directories.
2. Write clear, high-quality acceptance criteria: Agents self-orient from scratch with no prior context. Tests and clear specs keep them on track without human oversight.
3. Minimize team size: Each teammate = separate context window = more tokens. Use the fewest teammates that cover the work.
4. Avoid file conflicts: Assign different files/directories to different teammates. Never have two teammates edit the same file.
5. Provide rich context in spawn prompts: Include specific file paths, relevant standards, expected output format. Vague prompts produce vague results.

Select the right team structure based on task type:

IMPORTANT: Every team MUST include a challenge_agent. This role is not optional — it improves quality by challenging assumptions and finding blind spots that specialists miss.

For Code Review / Audit

Roles (4-5 teammates):

• security_auditor: OWASP Top 10, injection, auth/authz, dependency vulnerabilities
• performance_engineer: Complexity, N+1 queries, memory, caching, bundle size
• maintainability_expert: SOLID, DRY, naming, error handling, test coverage
• challenge_agent: Dedicated skeptic — challenges assumptions, finds blind spots, questions each reviewer's conclusions (REQUIRED in every team)
• qa_specialist (optional): Edge cases, race conditions, error paths

Coordination: Work independently → challenge_agent questions everyone's findings → cross-check each other's findings → consolidate into single report.

The Challenge Agent Role

The challenge_agent (or devil_advisor) is a dedicated skeptic that improves team quality:

Responsibilities:

• Question assumptions made by other teammates
• Identify blind spots and edge cases others missed
• Challenge design decisions from different angles
• Act as a "red team" to stress-test conclusions

Why it matters:

• Specialists focus on their domain → miss cross-cutting concerns
• A dedicated skeptic catches what everyone else overlooked
• Forces explicit reasoning instead of implicit assumptions

Example prompt:

challenge_agent: "Review all findings from security_auditor, performance_engineer, and maintainability_expert. Question their conclusions: What assumptions are they making? What edge cases did they miss? What would make this code fail in production? Output: challenges.md with ranked concerns by severity."

For Feature Development

Scale roles by complexity:

Simple (4 roles): Single-page, basic CRUD

• fullstack_developer: End-to-end implementation
• ui_reviewer: UX validation, interaction flows
• challenge_agent: Challenges design decisions, identifies edge cases and risks (REQUIRED in every team)
• code_reviewer: Quality, best practices, security

Standard (5-6 roles): Multi-component, API integration

• system_architect: API contracts, data models, service boundaries
• frontend_specialist: Components, state management, accessibility
• backend_specialist: Business logic, validation, authorization
• integration_tester: Cross-layer verification, E2E scenarios
• challenge_agent: Challenges design decisions, identifies edge cases and risks (REQUIRED in every team)
• code_reviewer: Quality, patterns, security

Complex (6-8 roles): Full-stack module, database design, deployment

• Add database_engineer, devops_engineer to Standard roles

Coordination: Architect defines contracts → Specialists implement in parallel → Testers verify → Reviewer ensures quality → Consolidate.

For Debugging / Investigation

Roles (3-4 teammates):

• log_analyst: Trace reconstruction, timeline, patterns
• code_auditor: Static analysis, state consistency, root cause hypotheses
• reproduction_lead: Minimal repro, environment simulation
• challenge_agent: Challenges each investigator's hypothesis, pushes for more evidence (REQUIRED in every team)

Coordination: Each investigates a different hypothesis → challenge_agent questions conclusions → debate and disprove → converge on root cause.

For Research / Evaluation

Roles (3-4 teammates):

• advocate_a: Deep dive into option A — strengths, weaknesses, real-world examples
• advocate_b: Deep dive into option B
• synthesizer: Objective comparison, scoring matrix, recommendation
• challenge_agent: Challenges each advocate's reasoning, questions assumptions (REQUIRED in every team)

Coordination: Advocates research independently → challenge_agent questions conclusions → synthesizer produces final analysis.

Step 3: Create the Team

Tell Claude what you want in natural language. Be specific about roles and scope.

Use this pattern:

[Brief analysis of why a team is needed]

Create an agent team to [objective].

Spawn [N] teammates:
- [role_name]: "[Goal sentence]. Focus: [specific areas with file paths if applicable]. Output: [deliverable file/format]."
- [role_name]: "[Goal sentence]. Focus: [specific areas]. Output: [deliverable file/format]."
...

Coordination:
- [How teammates collaborate and cross-check]
- [File ownership: who writes where]
- [How results are consolidated]

Wait for teammates to finish.

Role definition quality matters:

Good:

security_auditor: "Audit src/auth/ for security vulnerabilities. Focus: JWT token storage in src/auth/token.ts, session management in src/auth/session.ts, CSRF protection, password hashing, rate limiting. Output: security_review.md with findings sorted by CVSS severity."

Bad:

security_guy: "Check security stuff"

Step 4: Coordinate the Team

As lead agent, manage using:

Assignment modes:

• Lead assigns: Explicitly assign tasks with Ask [teammate]. Use for sequenced or specialized work.
• Self-claiming: Teammates auto-pick unblocked tasks from the shared list. Use for independent, well-defined tasks.

Optional controls:

• Plan approval: Require teammates to get approval before making changes. Use for high-risk modifications (database schema, auth logic).
• Delegate mode: Teammates work more autonomously with less lead oversight. Use when objectives are clear and independent.

Step 5: Consolidate & Clean Up

After all teammates finish:

1. Collect all deliverables from output files
2. Cross-reference findings between teammates — look for conflicts, gaps, and duplicates
3. Synthesize into a unified summary
4. Report to the user with key findings and recommendations
5. Clean up the team — MANDATORY

Lessons from the C Compiler Project

These patterns come from Anthropic's experiment where 16 agents built a 100,000-line C compiler:

1. When tasks are naturally independent, parallelization is trivial: Each agent picks a different failing test or module to work on. The shared task list handles coordination.

2. Giant monolithic tasks cause agents to get stuck: Unlike hundreds of independent tests, a single massive task can't be parallelized. Break big deliverables into smaller, testable chunks.

3. Tests are the primary coordination mechanism: With high-quality tests, agents stay on track without human oversight. New commits can't break existing code if CI enforces it.

4. Agents have no prior context on each session: Each agent starts fresh. Write clear README/CLAUDE.md files so agents can self-orient quickly. Include file paths, architecture notes, and conventions.

5. Agents waste time without constraints: Without guardrails, agents will spend hours running tests or exploring tangents. Provide fast feedback loops (quick test samples, clear progress indicators).

6. File-based coordination works: Agents "lock" tasks by writing files. Git merge conflicts serve as tiebreakers. Save all results to files since session state doesn't persist.

Hooks for Agent Teams

Use hooks to enforce rules automatically:

• TeammateIdle: Runs when a teammate is about to go idle. Exit with code 2 to send feedback and keep them working.
• TaskCompleted: Runs when a task is being marked complete. Exit with code 2 to prevent completion and send feedback (e.g., run additional validation).

Critical Reminders

• No session resume: /resume doesn't restore teammates → Always save results to files
• File conflicts: Assign different files to different teammates — this is the biggest pitfall
• Token cost: Each teammate = separate context window → Keep team size minimal
• Context: Teammates don't inherit lead's conversation history → Provide full context in spawn prompts
• Always wait: Don't consolidate until all teammates finish
• Always clean up: Terminate the team when done — no exceptions

Full Example

User: "Use agent-teams to review the authentication module for security, performance, and code quality."

Response:

This task benefits from parallel specialized review — three independent perspectives on the same code, with cross-checking. Creating a review team.

Create an agent team to review the authentication module.

Spawn three reviewers:

• security_auditor: "Audit src/auth/ for security vulnerabilities. Focus: JWT handling in src/auth/token.ts, password hashing in src/auth/crypto.ts, session management in src/auth/session.ts, CSRF protection, rate limiting. Output: Write findings with severity ratings to reviews/security_review.md."
• performance_engineer: "Analyze src/auth/ for performance issues. Focus: N+1 queries in src/auth/queries.ts, token validation overhead, caching opportunities, connection pooling in src/auth/db.ts. Output: Write optimization recommendations to reviews/performance_review.md."
• maintainability_expert: "Review src/auth/ for code quality issues. Focus: SOLID violations, error handling gaps, naming consistency, test coverage in tests/auth/. Output: Write refactoring suggestions to reviews/maintainability_review.md."

Coordination:

• Each reviewer works independently on their domain — no file conflicts since all write to separate output files
• Security auditor cross-checks performance recommendations for security implications
• Performance engineer validates security suggestions won't create bottlenecks
• All findings consolidated into reviews/auth_review_summary.md

Wait for teammates to finish.

Troubleshooting

Issue: Teammates not responding

Cause: Context window limit or message delivery delay Solution:

• Verify teammate is still running (check task status)
• Resend message with more explicit instructions
• If stuck, terminate and respawn the teammate

Issue: File conflicts between teammates

Cause: Multiple teammates assigned to same files Solution:

• Immediately stop the team
• Redistribute file ownership so each file has exactly one owner
• Resume with clear ownership boundaries

Issue: Teammate produces generic/low-quality output

Cause: Vague role definition in spawn prompt Solution:

• Be specific about: file paths, focus areas, output format, quality bar
• Example: "Write security findings to reviews/sec.md with CVSS severity ratings"

Issue: Team never finishes (infinite loop)

Cause: Unclear completion criteria or circular dependencies Solution:

• Define explicit exit conditions in coordination section
• Set maximum task count or time limit
• If stuck, manually intervene with "Please summarize your progress and stop"

Issue: Results not consolidating properly

Cause: Teammates wrote to wrong files or formats differ Solution:

• Always specify exact output file paths and format in role definitions
• Lead agent should create consolidation template before spawning team
• Review intermediate outputs before final consolidation

Boundaries

• Use agent-teams only for explicit parallel or multi-perspective work.
• Do not replace sequential workflows such as /orchestrate unless the user also asks for parallel execution.
• Do not simulate native teams with shell subprocesses or ad hoc scripts.

When NOT to Use

• Simple single-task work → use single session or direct agent
• Sequential tasks with dependencies → use /orchestrate
• Quick lookups or questions → use context-codebase
• Implementation-only tasks → use developer directly

Escalation Rules

Pause and ask the owner before:

• creating a team when the task can be completed by one agent or a simpler subagent chain
• assigning overlapping write ownership across teammates
• allowing parallel work on security-sensitive or destructive operations

Final Output Contract (MANDATORY)

Every use of this skill should end with:

1. Skill Fit - why team orchestration was appropriate
2. Team Design - roles, ownership, and coordination shape
3. Execution Evidence - artifacts, files, or checkpoints produced by teammates
4. Risks / Open Questions - coordination gaps, blockers, or unresolved conflicts
5. Next Action - the concrete consolidation or follow-up step