Go Performance Review

Go Performance Review

Purpose

Identify performance issues and resource inefficiency in Go code. This skill exists because performance findings are almost all Medium severity and get systematically crowded out when mixed with High-severity Security/Concurrency findings.

Important distinction: lock contention is performance (here); race condition is concurrency (go-concurrency-review).

This skill does NOT cover: security, concurrency correctness, code style, test quality, error handling, or business logic — those belong to sibling vertical skills.

When To Use

• Code contains make([]T, ...) or make(map[K]V, ...)
• Code builds strings in loops
• Code queries DB/Redis inside loops
• Code configures connection pools or HTTP clients
• Code runs on hot paths (per-request, high-frequency)

When NOT To Use

• Security vulnerabilities → go-security-review
• Race conditions, goroutine leaks → go-concurrency-review
• Code style/lint → go-quality-review
• Error handling → go-error-review

Mandatory Gates

1) Go Version Gate

Read go.mod. Key: strings.Clone (1.20+), slices.Clone (1.21+).

2) Anti-Example Suppression Gate

MUST quote specific evidence. Category match alone insufficient.

Embedded anti-examples:

• "Should pre-allocate slice" — when slice is small (<16 elements) or size is truly unknown at creation time. Must cite evidence the slice is large and size is known.
• "Should use sync.Pool" — when object is small and allocated infrequently (cold path, startup, config).
• "Struct fields should be reordered" — when struct has <4 fields or alignment savings <8 bytes.
• "Should use strings.Clone" — when both substring and parent are short-lived locals in same GC scope.
• "Add Count-First guard" — when the business domain guarantees the query always returns rows (e.g., seeded reference data, system-level lookups). Must cite evidence that total==0 is impossible in practice.
• Hot-path rule: Do NOT flag performance issues in cold-path code (startup, one-time init, config loading, test setup, CLI argument parsing). Must cite evidence of hot-path execution: "called per HTTP request", "inside for loop over N items", "in handler serving N QPS".

3) Generated Code Exclusion Gate

Exclude: *.pb.go, *_gen.go, mock_*.go.

Workflow

1. Define scope — files/diff under review. Apply Generated Code Exclusion Gate.
2. Gather evidence — read changed files, identify performance-relevant patterns: make(), append(), loops, DB queries, strings.Builder, sync.Pool, HTTP clients.
3. Load references — always load go-performance-patterns.md; load go-database-patterns.md when DB code present.
4. Classify hot-path vs cold-path — only flag issues in frequently executed code. Cite execution frequency evidence.
5. Evaluate ALL 13 checklist items with quantification → suppress cold-path items → format output.

Grep-Gated Execution Protocol

This skill uses mechanical grep pre-scanning to guarantee zero missed checklist items. 11 of 13 items are grep-gated; 2 are semantic-only.

Execution Order

1. Identify target files (from dispatch prompt, or write raw snippet to $TMPDIR/review_snippet.go)
2. Run grep for all grep-gated checklist items against target files
3. HIT → run semantic analysis to confirm or reject (verify hot-path, quantify impact)
4. MISS → auto-mark NOT FOUND, skip semantic analysis
5. For compound patterns: run primary grep, then check secondary condition
6. For semantic-only items (items 6, 9): full model reasoning
7. Report only FOUND items

Grep Audit Line

Include in Execution Status: Grep pre-scan: X/11 items hit, Z confirmed as findings (2 semantic-only)

Key Compound Pattern: Slice Pre-allocation (Item 1)

This is the highest-priority compound pattern — it catches the most common performance miss:

• Primary: make\(\[\] HIT
• Secondary: check if the make call has only 2 args (no capacity) AND an upper bound is known (e.g., len(input))
• Example: make([]*User, 0) when len(userKeys) is available → FINDING

Performance Checklist (12 Items)

All Medium severity unless marked (Low).

Severity Rubric

Medium — Performance issue impacting latency, throughput, or resource usage under load.

Low — Minor optimization with limited real-world impact.

Evidence Rules

• Quantify when possible: "N+1 executes N round-trips", "slice grows through log2(N) allocations"
• For pre-allocation: state the known upper bound and current allocation
• Hot-path requirement: cite evidence code runs frequently (per-request, in loop, high-QPS handler)
• Do NOT flag cold-path optimizations
• Merge rule: same issue at ≥3 locations → one finding with location list

Output Format

Findings

[Medium|Low] Short Title

• ID: PERF-NNN
• Location: path:line
• Impact: Quantified performance consequence (allocations, syscalls, round-trips)
• Evidence: Current code vs optimal pattern
• Recommendation: Specific fix with code example
• Action: follow-up (performance issues are rarely must-fix)

Suppressed Items

[Suppressed] Short Title

• Reason: Anti-example matched + evidence cited (cold-path, small size, etc.)

Execution Status

• Go version: X.Y
• Grep pre-scan: X/11 items hit, Z confirmed as findings (2 semantic-only)
• Excluded (generated): list or None
• References loaded: list

Summary

1-2 lines. Count by severity.

Example Output

### Findings

#### [Medium] Slice Pre-allocation Missing in Hot Path
- **ID:** PERF-001
- **Location:** `internal/service/batch.go:42`
- **Impact:** len(userIDs) allocations per request instead of 1 — slice grows via append in loop processing user batch
- **Evidence:** `results := make([]User, 0)` at L42; `results = append(results, user)` in loop at L48; `len(userIDs)` is known at L40
- **Recommendation:** `results := make([]User, 0, len(userIDs))`
- **Action:** follow-up

#### [Medium] N+1 Query in Order Processing
- **ID:** PERF-002
- **Location:** `internal/service/order.go:55-60`
- **Impact:** N database round-trips per batch — one SELECT per order item
- **Evidence:** `for _, item := range items { product, _ := repo.GetProduct(ctx, item.ProductID) }` — N individual queries
- **Recommendation:** Batch: `products, err := repo.GetProductsByIDs(ctx, productIDs)` with `WHERE id IN (?)`
- **Action:** follow-up

### Suppressed Items
#### [Suppressed] Slice Pre-allocation in Config Loading
- **Reason:** `make([]Plugin, 0)` at config.go:12 — cold path (called once at startup, typically <5 plugins). Anti-example: "small slice in cold path"

### Execution Status
- Go version: 1.21
- Excluded (generated): None
- References loaded: go-performance-patterns.md, go-database-patterns.md

### Summary
2 Medium findings (slice pre-allocation, N+1 query). Cold-path items suppressed.

No-Finding Case

If no issues found: state No performance findings identified. Still output Execution Status.

Load References Selectively

Review Discipline

• Performance only — not security, concurrency, quality, tests, errors, or logic
• Execute ALL 13 checklist items — this is the most commonly skipped dimension; isolation solves that
• Distinguish hot-path vs cold-path: only flag frequently executed code
• Quantify impact — "costs N allocations per request" is better than "suboptimal"