Documentation Patterns

Documentation Patterns and Structure

This skill defines patterns for structuring documentation, organizing files, and maintaining consistent documentation architecture across projects. Following these patterns ensures navigable, complete, and maintainable project documentation.

README Structure

READMEs follow a standard structure ordered by reader need: what is this → how to use it → how to contribute.

Required Sections

# Project Name

[![Build Status](badge-url)](link)

One-sentence description of what the project does and why it exists.

## Table of Contents

(for documents with > 4 sections)

## Prerequisites

## Installation

## Usage

## Configuration

## Development

## Testing

## Contributing

See [CONTRIBUTING.md](./CONTRIBUTING.md) for guidelines.

## License

[MIT](./LICENSE)

README Rules

• Title: Project name as H1, never repeated elsewhere in the file
• Badges: Build status, coverage, version, license — immediately after title
• Description: One to two sentences, answering "what does this do and why?"
• Table of Contents: Include for documents with more than 4 sections
• Installation: Complete steps including prerequisites
• Usage: Working code examples starting with the simplest case
• Order by reader need: what → how → contribute
• For libraries: include API reference section
• For services: include deployment and configuration sections
• For CLIs: include command reference with examples

ADR (Architecture Decision Records)

ADRs use MADR (Markdown Any Decision Records) format with sequential numbering and status tracking.

MADR Format

# ADR 0001: Decision Title

## Status

Proposed | Accepted | Deprecated | Superseded by ADR 000X

## Context

What is the issue we are facing? What is the background?

## Decision

What is the change that we are proposing and/or doing?

## Consequences

### Positive

- Benefit one
- Benefit two

### Negative

- Cost one
- Cost two

## Alternatives Considered

### Alternative A

- Pros: ...
- Cons: ...

ADR Conventions

• Numbering: Sequential with zero-padding (0001-*, 0002-*)
• Status lifecycle: Proposed → Accepted → Deprecated / Superseded
• Cross-reference: Link related decisions ("Supersedes ADR 0003")
• Storage: docs/adr/ directory (or existing ADR directory if present)
• Index: Maintain docs/adr/README.md linking all decision records with status and date

ADR Directory Structure

docs/adr/
├── README.md              (index of all ADRs)
├── 0001-use-postgresql.md
├── 0002-adopt-rest-api.md
└── template.md            (blank ADR template)

Changelog

Changelogs follow the Keep a Changelog format.

Keep a Changelog Format

# Changelog

All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.

The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.1.0/), and this project
adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).

## [Unreleased]

### Added

- New feature description

## [1.2.0] - 2026-01-15

### Added

- Feature description

### Changed

- Change description

### Fixed

- Bug fix description

[Unreleased]: https://github.com/org/repo/compare/v1.2.0...HEAD
[1.2.0]: https://github.com/org/repo/compare/v1.1.0...v1.2.0

Changelog Rules

• Categories: Added, Changed, Deprecated, Removed, Fixed, Security
• Version headers: Include date in ISO 8601 format (## [1.2.0] - 2026-01-15)
• Unreleased section: Always present at top for upcoming changes
• Diff links: Link each version header to the diff between versions at the bottom
• Entry format: Past tense, one line per change, grouped by category
• Location: CHANGELOG.md at the repository root

API Documentation

API docs follow the endpoint → method → params → response → errors pattern.

API Documentation Structure

docs/api/
├── README.md              (API overview, base URL, versioning)
├── authentication.md      (auth methods, tokens, examples)
└── endpoints.md           (endpoint reference)

Endpoint Documentation Pattern

Each endpoint documents:

1. Method and path: POST /api/v1/users
2. Description: What the endpoint does
3. Parameters: Request body fields with types, required/optional, descriptions
4. Example request: Runnable curl/httpie command
5. Success response: Status code and response body
6. Error responses: Status codes, error codes, descriptions

API Documentation Rules

• Authentication first: Document auth requirements before endpoints
• Runnable examples: Include curl/httpie examples that can be copied and run
• Status code table: List all possible response codes for each endpoint
• Error format: Show the error response structure with field descriptions
• Rate limiting: Document limits and relevant response headers
• Versioning: Document API version strategy at the top

File Organization

Documentation follows a standard directory structure.

Standard Layout

project/
├── README.md                    (project overview, quickstart)
├── CONTRIBUTING.md              (how to contribute)
├── CHANGELOG.md                 (version history)
├── LICENSE                      (license text)
└── docs/
    ├── README.md                (documentation index)
    ├── getting-started.md       (setup and first steps)
    ├── architecture.md          (system design overview)
    ├── configuration.md         (all config options)
    ├── adr/
    │   ├── README.md            (ADR index)
    │   └── template.md
    └── api/
        ├── README.md            (API overview)
        └── endpoints.md

File Organization Rules

• docs/ for project documentation (prefer over doc/ or documentation/)
• docs/adr/ for Architecture Decision Records
• docs/api/ for API documentation
• CONTRIBUTING.md and CHANGELOG.md at the repository root
• README.md at root and in significant subdirectories
• Detect existing doc root: check docs/, doc/, documentation/ in order; use first match
• If none exists, default to docs/ for new projects

This comprehensive guide covers documentation patterns that ensure consistent, navigable, and complete project documentation.