Megaeth

MegaETH Development

Quick Start

# Install dependencies
npm install viem @metamask/smart-accounts-kit

# Check balance
cast balance <address> --rpc-url https://mainnet.megaeth.com/rpc

# Deploy with Foundry
forge script Deploy.s.sol --rpc-url https://mainnet.megaeth.com/rpc --broadcast --skip-simulation

import { defineChain, createPublicClient, createWalletClient, http } from 'viem';
import { privateKeyToAccount } from 'viem/accounts';

export const megaeth = defineChain({
  id: 4326,
  name: 'MegaETH',
  nativeCurrency: { name: 'Ether', symbol: 'ETH', decimals: 18 },
  rpcUrls: {
    default: { http: ['https://mainnet.megaeth.com/rpc'] },
  },
  blockExplorers: {
    default: { name: 'Etherscan', url: 'https://mega.etherscan.io' },
  },
});

export const megaethTestnet = defineChain({
  id: 6343,
  name: 'MegaETH Testnet',
  nativeCurrency: { name: 'Ether', symbol: 'ETH', decimals: 18 },
  rpcUrls: {
    default: { http: ['https://carrot.megaeth.com/rpc'] },
  },
  blockExplorers: {
    default: { name: 'Blockscout', url: 'https://megaeth-testnet-v2.blockscout.com' },
  },
});

const account = privateKeyToAccount(process.env.PRIVATE_KEY as `0x${string}`);
const publicClient = createPublicClient({ chain: megaeth, transport: http() });
const walletClient = createWalletClient({ account, chain: megaeth, transport: http() });

Chain Configuration

Third-party RPC providers: Alchemy, QuickNode (recommended for geo-distributed access).

What You Probably Got Wrong

1. Intrinsic gas is NOT 21,000

MegaETH intrinsic gas is 60,000 (21K compute + 39K storage). A simple ETH transfer that costs 21K on Ethereum costs 60K on MegaETH.

const tx = await walletClient.sendTransaction({
  to: recipient,
  value: parseEther('0.1'),
  gas: 60000n,
  maxFeePerGas: 1000000n,
  maxPriorityFeePerGas: 0n,
});

2. Don't poll for receipts

Use eth_sendRawTransactionSync (EIP-7966) for instant receipts in <10ms:

const receipt = await walletClient.request({
  method: 'eth_sendRawTransactionSync',
  params: [signedTx],
});

3. Don't simulate gas locally

MegaEVM opcode costs differ from standard EVM. Foundry and Hardhat simulate with standard costs, giving wrong estimates.

forge script Deploy.s.sol --gas-limit 5000000 --skip-simulation

4. Storage is expensive, not compute

SSTORE 0-to-nonzero costs 2M+ gas multiplied by a bucket multiplier. Use slot reuse patterns (RedBlackTreeLib, transient storage) instead of dynamic mappings.

5. Viem adds a 20% gas buffer

Override the gas price directly:

const gasPrice = 1000000n; // 0.001 gwei, no buffer needed

6. Never use via_ir=true in foundry.toml

It silently breaks return values -- functions return 0 instead of correct values with no compiler error. Use optimizer=true with optimizer_runs=200 instead.

RPC Methods

Instant Transaction Receipts

Two equivalent methods (both supported, functionally identical):

const signedTx = await walletClient.signTransaction({
  to: recipient,
  value: parseEther('0.1'),
  gas: 60000n,
  maxFeePerGas: 1000000n,
  maxPriorityFeePerGas: 0n,
});

const receipt = await walletClient.request({
  method: 'eth_sendRawTransactionSync',
  params: [signedTx],
});

Response: Full transaction receipt (same schema as eth_getTransactionReceipt).

eth_getLogsWithCursor

Paginated log queries for large result sets:

const response = await publicClient.request({
  method: 'eth_getLogsWithCursor',
  params: [{
    address: '0x...',
    topics: ['0x...'],
    fromBlock: '0x0',
    toBlock: 'latest',
  }],
});
// Returns { logs: [...], cursor: "..." }

Mini-Block Subscription

const ws = new WebSocket('wss://mainnet.megaeth.com/ws');

ws.send(JSON.stringify({
  jsonrpc: '2.0',
  method: 'eth_subscribe',
  params: ['miniBlocks'],
  id: 1,
}));

Mini-blocks are ephemeral and cannot be fetched via RPC after assembly into blocks.

WebSocket Keepalive

Send eth_chainId every 30 seconds. Limits: 50 connections per VIP endpoint, 10 subscriptions per connection.

const keepalive = setInterval(() => {
  ws.send(JSON.stringify({
    jsonrpc: '2.0',
    method: 'eth_chainId',
    params: [],
    id: Date.now(),
  }));
}, 30000);

RPC Batching (v2.0.14+)

Multicall is preferred for batching eth_call requests. eth_call is 2-10x faster as of v2.0.14; Multicall amortizes per-RPC overhead.

import { multicall } from 'viem/actions';

const results = await multicall(publicClient, {
  contracts: [
    { address: token1, abi: erc20Abi, functionName: 'balanceOf', args: [user] },
    { address: token2, abi: erc20Abi, functionName: 'balanceOf', args: [user] },
    { address: pool, abi: poolAbi, functionName: 'getReserves' },
  ],
});

Do not batch eth_getLogs with eth_call -- logs are always slower and block the entire batch.

Smart Contracts

MegaEVM vs Standard EVM

MegaEVM is fully EVM-compatible but has different gas costs (SSTORE), block metadata limits (volatile data access), and contract size limits (512 KB).

Volatile Data Access Control

After accessing block metadata (block.timestamp, block.number, blockhash(n)), the transaction is limited to 20M additional compute gas.

// Access metadata late in execution to avoid the limit
function process() external {
    for (uint i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
        // Heavy work first
    }
    emit Processed(block.timestamp); // Metadata last
}

High-Precision Timestamps

For microsecond precision, use the predeployed oracle instead of block.timestamp:

interface ITimestampOracle {
    function timestamp() external view returns (uint256);
}

ITimestampOracle constant ORACLE =
    ITimestampOracle(0x6342000000000000000000000000000000000002);

SSTORE2 (On-Chain Data Storage)

Store large immutable data as contract bytecode instead of storage slots:

import {SSTORE2} from "solady/src/utils/SSTORE2.sol";

address pointer = SSTORE2.write(data);
bytes memory data = SSTORE2.read(pointer);

EIP-6909 (Minimal Multi-Token)

Prefer EIP-6909 over ERC-1155 on MegaETH: no mandatory callbacks, single contract for multiple tokens (fewer SSTORE operations), granular approvals.

import {ERC6909} from "solady/src/tokens/ERC6909.sol";

Contract Verification

forge verify-contract <address> src/MyContract.sol:MyContract \
  --chain 4326 \
  --etherscan-api-key $ETHERSCAN_KEY \
  --verifier-url "https://api.etherscan.io/v2/api?chainid=4326"

Gas Model

Base Parameters

Per-Transaction Resource Limits

SSTORE Costs

When multiplier = 1, storage gas is zero. This is why slot reuse patterns matter.

LOG Opcode Costs

LOG opcodes have quadratic cost above 4KB data. Contracts emitting large events should emit a hash and store data off-chain.

Storage Optimization

MegaETH charges high gas for new storage slot creation:

SSTORE (0 -> non-zero): 2,000,000 gas x bucket_multiplier

Solady RedBlackTreeLib

Replace Solidity mappings with contiguous slot-reusing storage:

import {RedBlackTreeLib} from "solady/src/utils/RedBlackTreeLib.sol";

contract StorageOptimized {
    using RedBlackTreeLib for RedBlackTreeLib.Tree;
    RedBlackTreeLib.Tree private _tree;
}

Transient Storage (EIP-1153)

Use TSTORE/TLOAD for temporary data within a transaction -- avoids storage gas entirely:

assembly {
    tstore(0, value)
    let v := tload(0)
}

Circular Buffer Pattern

uint256[100] public buffer;
uint256 public head;

function process(uint256 value) external {
    buffer[head] = value; // Reuses existing slot
    head = (head + 1) % 100;
}

ZK Compression

For apps with large state: store only a hash/commitment on-chain, provide pre-state + proof per transaction.

Testing and Debugging

mega-evme CLI

git clone https://github.com/megaeth-labs/mega-evm
cd mega-evm/bin/mega-evme
cargo build --release

mega-evme replay <txhash> --rpc https://mainnet.megaeth.com/rpc
mega-evme replay <txhash> --trace --trace.output trace.json --rpc <endpoint>

Gas Profiling

cast run <txhash> --rpc-url <vip-endpoint> > trace.json
python scripts/trace_opcode_gas.py trace.json

Fork Testing

contract MyTest is Test {
    function setUp() public {
        vm.createSelectFork("https://carrot.megaeth.com/rpc");
    }

    function testGasCost() public {
        uint256 gasBefore = gasleft();
        // operation
        uint256 gasUsed = gasBefore - gasleft();
        console.log("Gas used:", gasUsed);
    }
}

MegaNames (.mega Naming Service)

Contract Addresses (Mainnet, Chain ID: 4326)

Fee Structure

Registration

IERC20(0xFAfDdbb3FC7688494971a79cc65DCa3EF82079E7).approve(
    0x5B424C6CCba77b32b9625a6fd5A30D409d20d997,
    fee
);
uint256 tokenId = megaNames.register("yourname", msg.sender, 1);

Resolution

address resolved = megaNames.addr(tokenId);     // Forward: name -> address
string memory name = megaNames.getName(userAddr); // Reverse: address -> name

See docs/meganames.md for subdomains, marketplace, text records, and cross-chain interop.

ERC-7710 Delegations

Scoped, revocable, composable on-chain permissions. A delegator grants a delegate authority to act on their behalf, constrained by caveat enforcers.

import { createDelegation } from '@metamask/smart-accounts-kit';

const delegation = createDelegation({
  from: smartAccount.address,
  to: delegateAddress,
  environment,
  scope: {
    type: 'erc20TransferAmount',
    tokenAddress: USDC_ADDRESS,
    maxAmount: parseUnits('100', 6),
  },
  caveats: [
    { type: 'timestamp', afterThreshold: now, beforeThreshold: expiry },
    { type: 'limitedCalls', limit: 10 },
  ],
});

Use eth_sendRawTransactionSync for instant delegation redemption -- receipt in <10ms instead of polling.

See docs/erc7710-delegations.md for full lifecycle, caveat enforcers, and redelegation chains.

Warren Protocol

On-chain website hosting via SSTORE2 storage. Sites are referenced by NFT ownership (Master NFT or Container NFT) and resolved through MegaNames contenthash.

See docs/warren.md for contenthash encoding, Solidity helpers, and gateway resolution.

Wallet Operations

Token Swaps (Kyber Network)

const KYBER_API = 'https://aggregator-api.kyberswap.com/megaeth/api/v1';

const quoteRes = await fetch(
  `${KYBER_API}/routes?` + new URLSearchParams({
    tokenIn: '0x...',
    tokenOut: '0x...',
    amountIn: amount.toString(),
    gasInclude: 'true',
  })
);
const quote = await quoteRes.json();

Bridging ETH (from Ethereum)

const bridgeAddress = '0x0CA3A2FBC3D770b578223FBB6b062fa875a2eE75';

const tx = await wallet.sendTransaction({
  to: bridgeAddress,
  value: parseEther('0.1'),
});

See docs/wallet-operations.md for full wallet setup, nonce management, and error handling.

Frontend Patterns

Never open per-user WebSocket connections. Use one server-side connection, broadcast to users.

async function warmupRpcConnection(client: PublicClient) {
  await client.getChainId();
}

See docs/frontend-patterns.md for WebSocket manager, real-time hooks, and error handling.

Security

MegaETH-Specific Risks

1. Storage cost attacks -- attacker triggers expensive SSTORE operations
2. Volatile data timing attacks -- block.timestamp has 1s granularity but mini-blocks happen every 10ms
3. Reorg considerations -- fast finality but reorgs possible until L1 finalization
4. Input validation -- always use allowlists over blocklists

See docs/security.md for prevention patterns and audit recommendations.

Progressive Disclosure

Attribution

Contributors:

• Original patterns: 0xBreadguy/megaeth-ai-developer-skills
• Foundry integration: clawdybotty/megaeth-foundry-developer