jwangkun china-dd-checklist
Purpose
Provide comprehensive A股及中国市场尽调清单 — structured checklists for investment and M&A due diligence.
DD Categories
1. 商业尽调 (Commercial DD)
Industry & Market:
- Market size and growth trajectory
- Competitive landscape (5-10 peers mapped)
- Market share trends
- Customer concentration
- Supplier concentration
- Pricing power assessment
- Barriers to entry
- Technology disruption risk
Business Model:
- Revenue model clarity and sustainability
- Customer acquisition channels
- Unit economics (if applicable)
- Revenue recognition policy
- Seasonality patterns
- Geographic diversification
- Product pipeline
- Dependency on key customers/suppliers
Operations:
- Capacity utilization
- Supply chain resilience
- Quality control systems
- Operational efficiency benchmarks
- Key operational metrics
- Technology infrastructure
2. 财务尽调 (Financial DD)
Historical Financials:
| Item | Source | Verification |
|---|---|---|
| 审计报告 (Audit reports) | 巨潮 | Check audit opinion |
| 财务报表 (Financial statements) | 巨潮 | Cross-check against filings |
| 关联交易 (Related party) | 年报附注 | Identify and quantify |
| 政府补助 (Subsidies) | 利润表附注 | Normalize earnings |
| 资产减值 (Impairments) | 利润表 | One-time vs recurring |
| 收入确认 | 年报附注 | Policy assessment |
Quality of Earnings:
- Revenue quality (cash vs accrual)
- Operating cash flow vs net income
- One-time items identified and quantified
- Non-recurring gains/losses
- Accounting policy changes
- Earnings management indicators
Balance Sheet:
- Cash and cash equivalents confirmed
- Receivables aging and adequacy of allowance
- Inventory valuation and obsolescence
- Fixed asset verification
- Intangible assets and goodwill
- Debt schedule (all borrowings)
- Off-balance sheet items
- Contingent liabilities
Cash Flow:
- Operating CF reconciliation
- CapEx sustainability
- Free cash flow calculation
- Working capital trends
- Non-recurring CF items
3. 法律尽调 (Legal DD)
Corporate:
- 营业执照 (Business license) validity
- 公司章程 (Articles of association)
- 股权结构 (Shareholding structure) — clean cap table
- 历史沿革 (Corporate history) — any irregularities
- 子公司/分公司 (Subsidiaries/branches) — complete list
- 对外投资 (External investments)
Compliance:
- Tax compliance (税务合规) — past 3 years
- Social insurance (社保) compliance
- Environmental compliance (环保)
- Industry-specific licenses (行业资质)
- Import/export licenses
- Quality certifications
Contracts:
- Material contracts (>5% revenue)
- Customer contracts (concentration risk)
- Supplier contracts
- Loan agreements
- Lease agreements
- IP licensing agreements
- Joint venture agreements
- Guarantees and commitments
Litigation:
- Pending litigation (诉讼)
- Arbitration cases (仲裁)
- Administrative penalties (行政处罚)
- Labor disputes
- IP disputes
IP:
- Patent portfolio (专利)
- Trademark registrations (商标)
- Copyright registrations (著作权)
- Domain names
- Software licenses
4. 税务尽调 (Tax DD)
| Area | Checklist |
|---|---|
| 企业所得税 | Filing compliance, deductions, incentives |
| 增值税 | Filing compliance, input VAT |
| 附加税 | Surcharges compliance |
| 个人所得税 | Withholding compliance |
| 社保/公积金 | Payment compliance |
| 税收优惠 | Qualification for 高新技术企业 etc. |
| 转让定价 | Related party pricing |
| 历史欠税 | Outstanding tax disputes |
5. 人力资源尽调 (HR DD)
| Area | Checklist |
|---|---|
| 劳动合同 | Employment agreements standard |
| 社保/公积金 | Compliance and amounts |
| 股权激励 | ESOP schemes, vesting, dilution |
| 核心员工 | Key person dependencies |
| 竞业限制 | Non-compete agreements |
| 裁员历史 | Any mass layoffs or disputes |
| 工会/协会 | Union affiliations |
6. 环境尽调 (Environmental DD)
| Area | Checklist |
|---|---|
| 环评批复 | Environmental impact assessment |
| 排污许可 | Discharge permits |
| 环保处罚 | Past violations |
| 土壤/地下水 | Contamination risk |
| 能耗指标 | Energy consumption, efficiency |
| 碳中和 | Carbon footprint, compliance |
7. IT / 网络安全尽调
| Area | Checklist |
|---|---|
| 系统架构 | IT infrastructure overview |
| 数据安全 | Data protection measures |
| 网络安全 | Cybersecurity assessment |
| 等保合规 | Level of protection compliance |
| 数据隐私 | PIPL compliance |
| 业务连续性 | Disaster recovery plans |
8. 行业特殊尽调
| Industry | Special DD Items |
|---|---|
| 医药 | GMP, clinical trial data, drug approvals |
| 金融 | Regulatory licenses, capital adequacy |
| 房地产 | Land ownership, 预售证, land reserves |
| 新能源 | Technology patents, subsidy dependency |
| 互联网 | ICP license, data compliance, user agreements |
| 制造 | Quality certifications, supply chain |
China-Specific DD Considerations
Regulatory Environment
| Regulation | DD Relevance |
|---|---|
| 公司法 | Corporate governance |
| 证券法 | If considering public listing |
| 反垄断法 | M&A approval thresholds |
| 数据安全法 | Data handling compliance |
| 个人信息保护法 | Privacy compliance |
| 环保法 | Environmental liability |
| 税法 | Tax compliance and optimization |
Common Red Flags
| Red Flag | Investigation Required |
|---|---|
| 实际控制人不明 | Ownership verification |
| 大量关联交易 | Related party transaction analysis |
| 大股东高比例质押 | Share pledge risk |
| 频繁变更审计师 | Accounting quality concern |
| 大额政府补助依赖 | Earnings quality concern |
| 商誉占净资产 >30% | Impairment risk |
| 行政处罚频繁 | Compliance culture |
| 核心人员流失 | Management stability |
Quality Checks
Before delivering DD report:
- All categories addressed
- Sources verified (巨潮, filings)
- Red flags identified and investigated
- Material risks quantified
- Recommendations clear
- All findings documented