Ops

Ops Skill - CI/CD, Deployment & Automation

Version: 9.0 | Updated: 01-July-2026 | Architect: Karim Bhalwani | Tiered: core (~140 lines) + on-demand references

Unified reference for operational automation. For copy-ready templates (GitHub Actions, Docker, Terraform, release checklists), load the deep-dive reference.

Core Principles

• Immutable artifacts: every build produces a versioned, unchangeable artifact
• Environment parity: dev/staging/prod from same templates
• Secrets in vaults: never in code, config, or CI logs
• Rollback before deploy: document rollback plan BEFORE deployment

Mechanical Enforcement

When a behavioral rule fails twice in retrospectives, promote it to a mechanical check. Linters and CI are more reliable than prompt instructions.

Promote-to-Code Decision Rule

1. Trigger: behavioral rule caused rework 2+ times
2. Action: write a mechanical check (pre-commit hook, lint rule, or CI job)
3. Record: log in .copilot/context/DECISIONS.md as an ADR
4. Remove redundancy: move the original prompt instruction verbatim into .copilot/context/DECISIONS.md under the relevant ADR entry, then delete it from the prompt.

Enforcement Layers

Load mechanical-enforcement.md for copy-ready pre-commit, ruff, and CI config templates.

Quick Reference: Key Patterns

GitHub Actions

• Standard CI: lint > test > security scan (parallel where possible)
• Reusable workflows via workflow_call for DRY deployment
• Matrix strategy for cross-version/cross-OS testing
• Cache pip/npm dependencies with actions/cache@v4

Docker

• Multi-stage builds, pin base image versions, non-root user
• .dockerignore for build context optimization
• Health checks for orchestrated deployments

Deployment

• Azure: OIDC via azure/login@v2, deployment slots for zero-downtime
• Databricks: Asset Bundles for pipeline deployment
• Blue-green or canary for stateless services
• Database migrations: forward-only with backward compatibility

Release Management

• Semantic versioning: MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH
• Changelog in Keep a Changelog format
• Release checklist: CI green, changelog updated, version bumped, security scan clean, staging tested, rollback documented, tag pushed

Infrastructure as Code

• Terraform: modules for reuse, remote state backend, environment variables
• Idempotent: running twice produces same result

For full templates and examples of all patterns above, load cicd-patterns-deep-dive.md.

Definition of Done

• CI pipeline runs green (lint, test, security scan)
• Docker image builds and runs with health check passing
• Rollback plan documented before deployment
• Secrets managed via vault/env vars (none in code)
• Release checklist completed
• Mechanical enforcement in place for P1 invariants

Constraints

• Does NOT write application business logic (pipelines and automation only)
• Does NOT manage secrets directly (provides vault integration patterns)
• Does NOT perform security audits (consult guardian)
• Does NOT design system architecture (consult architect)

Common Pitfalls

• Over-complex pipelines: start simple, add stages only when justified
• Missing rollback plan: every deployment needs one
• Secret leakage: never echo secrets in logs
• Flaky tests in CI: quarantine, don't ignore
• Manual steps in "automated" pipelines: if it requires human intervention, it's not automated

Integration Points

• guardian: Reviews CI/CD configurations for security and quality
• release-manager: Consumes pipeline outputs for release decisions
• architect: Provides infrastructure architecture and deployment topology
• data-engineering: Deploys data pipelines via Airflow/Databricks workflows

References

Load on demand for specific sub-tasks. If a referenced file is not available, generate a minimal inline template based on the Quick Reference patterns above and note that the full template should be added to the references directory.

• cicd-patterns-deep-dive.md - Full GitHub Actions templates (CI, reusable workflows, matrix, caching, PR automation), Docker patterns, deployment configs (Databricks, Azure), release management (semver, changelog, checklist), IaC (Terraform). Load when building or modifying pipelines.
• mechanical-enforcement.md - Pre-commit hooks, ruff rules, GitHub Actions enforcement workflows.

Scripts

• check_pipeline_health.py - CI/CD config validator (hard-coded secrets, unpinned images, deprecated runners, missing timeouts).
• lint_agent_legible_errors.py - Linter enforcing agent-legible error messages with remediation hints.