Integrate External Services

Integrate external services

Integrating systems you don't own — calling vendor APIs, receiving their webhooks, and exposing a partner/public edge. Examples NestJS/TS, neutral domain; vendors are "Provider A/B", "the payment gateway", "the identity provider". principle → ▸ Example → ▸ Other stacks. For calls between your own services (RPC, fan-out, cross-service reads), see integrate-internal-services.

Core principle

An external system is untrusted and unreliable. Wrap it behind an interface you own (so it's swappable and your domain never speaks vendor-ese), make every outbound call resilient (timeout + retry + circuit breaker), and treat every inbound call (webhook, partner request) as hostile until verified. Never let a vendor's schema, downtime, or duplicate delivery leak into your core.

1. Anti-corruption adapter — one interface, many providers

• Wrap each external system behind a domain interface your code owns. Each vendor gets an impl that translates vendor schema ↔ your DTOs and vendor errors → your errors. A factory/registry selects the impl by provider type; callers depend on the interface, never on a vendor SDK.

  export interface PaymentGateway {
    getProvider(): ProviderType;
    createPayment(input: CreatePaymentInput): Promise<PaymentResult>;   // your DTOs, not the vendor's
    refund(input: RefundInput): Promise<RefundResult>;
  }
  // providers/index.ts barrels StripeGateway, RapydGateway, CyberSourceGateway, UobGateway…; a factory picks by ProviderType
  const gateway = this.gatewayFactory.for(order.providerType);          // caller is provider-agnostic
  

• Provider selection + fallback: choose by config/region/capability; on a provider failure, fall back to a secondary so one vendor's outage isn't your outage.
• Route by capability with a method→gateway factory. Some methods only work on certain gateways, so a factory maps payment-method type → gateway with precedence (feature-flag > env > default) — e.g. Apple Pay / Google Pay → a gateway that accepts device-wallet tokens; WeChat Pay / Alipay → another.
• Device-wallet payments (Apple Pay / Google Pay): the wallet returns an opaque payment token — forward it to the gateway and never touch raw card data (PCI scope stays with the wallet + gateway). Apple Pay also needs a server merchant-validation endpoint to start the session.
• Same pattern for outbound messaging — email / SMS / push behind one send() facade (e.g. Twilio for SMS, an email provider, a push service), the channel chosen at call time; callers don't know which vendor delivers. (Channel content rendering — a template + data → subject/html, per locale — sits just before send().) ▸ Other stacks: hexagonal ports & adapters; a Strategy per provider chosen by a factory. Principle: your interface is the contract; vendors are swappable plugins translated at the boundary.

2. Resilient outbound HTTP — circuit breaker + retry + timeout

• Route every outbound call through one client that wraps the HTTP lib with a circuit breaker (open on repeated failure → fail fast → half-open probe → close), retry with backoff (+ jitter), a per-call timeout, and a fallback. Log breaker state transitions. Don't scatter raw axios/fetch + ad-hoc try/catch across services.

  // one breaker per method; recursive retry with growing delay; fallback when the circuit is open
  this.breakers = { GET: new CircuitBreaker(client.get, opts), POST: new CircuitBreaker(client.post, opts) /* … */ };
  breaker.on('open',  () => log.warn('circuit open'));
  breaker.on('close', () => log.info('circuit closed'));
  private async retry(fn, n = 0) {
    try { return await fn(); }
    catch (e) { if (n >= this.maxRetries) throw e; await delay(n + 1); return this.retry(fn, n + 1); }
  }
  

▸ Other stacks: resilience4j (Java), Polly (.NET), opossum/cockatiel (Node), tenacity (Python). Principle: timeout + retry-with-backoff + circuit breaker + fallback, centralized in one client.

3. Outbound auth — request signing + idempotency

• Sign outbound requests when the vendor requires it: HMAC over a canonical string (e.g. method + path + salt + timestamp + body), with a small clock-skew buffer on the timestamp and a fresh random salt per request; attach the signature + access-key + salt + timestamp headers. Credentials come from config, never hard-coded.

  const timestamp = String(Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) - SKEW);   // small backward buffer
  const salt = randomHex(12);
  const toSign = `${method}${path}${salt}${timestamp}${accessKey}${secretKey}${body}`;
  const signature = base64(hmacSha256(toSign, secretKey));
  

• Send an idempotency key on outbound mutating calls (create-charge, create-refund) so a retry after a timeout doesn't double-act — derive it from your own stable id, not a random per-attempt value. ▸ Other stacks: the same canonical-string HMAC (AWS SigV4 is this idea); an Idempotency-Key header is widely supported by payment/commerce APIs.

4. Inbound webhooks — verify, dedupe, fast-ack, map

• Capture the RAW body for the webhook route before JSON parsing, so signature verification runs over the exact bytes received — re-serialized JSON won't match the vendor's HMAC.

  app.use('/webhooks/stripe', express.raw({ type: 'application/json' }));   // raw bytes for Stripe's constructEvent, before global json parse
  

• Verify in a guard before the handler runs — recompute the HMAC (e.g. Rapyd: HMAC over url+salt+timestamp+body) or call the vendor SDK's verifier (e.g. Stripe's webhooks.constructEvent) and reject on mismatch; optionally enforce a timestamp window (replay protection).

  @Injectable() export class WebhookSignatureGuard implements CanActivate {
    canActivate(ctx: ExecutionContext) {
      const { headers, body } = ctx.switchToHttp().getRequest();
      const expected = base64(hmacSha256(canonical(headers, body), this.secret));
      if (expected !== headers.signature) throw new BadRequestException('signature mismatch');
      return true;
    }
  }
  

• Idempotent processing — dedupe by the vendor's event id (a seen-events row or Redis SET NX); vendors redeliver the same event.
• Fast-ack-then-enqueue — verify, hand off to a queue/command, return 200/204 immediately; do the heavy work async in a worker. A slow webhook handler triggers vendor retries (and duplicates).

  @Post('/webhooks/stripe') @UseGuards(WebhookSignatureGuard) @HttpCode(204)
  handle(@Body() evt: VendorEvent) { return this.commandBus.execute(new EnqueueWebhookCommand(evt)); } // dispatch, don't process inline
  

• Map vendor event type → your internal event/command via a table — don't switch on vendor strings deep in business code:

  const VENDOR_TO_INTERNAL = new Map([['payment.completed', EVT.PAYMENT_SETTLED], ['payment.failed', EVT.PAYMENT_FAILED]]);
  

▸ Other stacks: identical everywhere — raw-body verify, dedupe by event id, ack fast + process async, translate the vendor event into your own domain event.

5. Partner / public API edge (BFF / gateway)

• Authenticate partners with client-credentials: client id + secret → issue a token; introspect / validate the token per request and enforce scopes. Map the client → an org/tenant id and inject it so every downstream read/write is tenant-scoped (a partner can't reach another's data).

  const claims = await this.idp.introspect(req.headers.authorization);   // delegate to the identity provider (e.g. Keycloak introspection / JWKS)
  req.tenantId = this.clientToTenant(claims.clientId);                   // config-driven mapping
  if (!hasScope(handlerScopes, claims.scopes)) throw new ForbiddenException();
  

• For simpler machine endpoints (mobile, internal hooks) an API-key role guard: a metadata decorator declares required roles on the handler; the guard checks x-api-key against a configured key→roles set.

  @Post('/exists') @UseGuards(ApiKeyGuard) @ApiKeyRoles(Role.MOBILE)
  checkExists(@Query() q: ExistsDto) { /* … */ }
  

• Keep the external contract stable and decoupled from internal models — version it, map to internal DTOs at the edge, and rate-limit per client. Don't expose internal entity shapes to partners. ▸ Other stacks: OAuth2 client-credentials at any gateway (Kong, Apigee, API Management); API keys + scopes. Principle: authenticate the client, resolve its tenant, enforce scope, serve a stable versioned contract.

6. Bulk delivery tolerates partial failure

• Sending to many recipients/targets uses settle-all fan-out, not fail-fast — collect successes, log + retry the failures, report which failed; one bad recipient must not abort the batch. Chunk + pace large batches (N at a time + a small delay) so you don't trip the vendor's rate limit.

  const results = await Promise.allSettled(recipients.map((r) => this.notifier.send(r)));
  const failed = results.filter((x) => x.status === 'rejected');   // log + schedule retry, don't throw
  

  (Large data imports → import-data-from-csv; in-process queues → background-jobs-and-caching.) ▸ Other stacks: Promise.allSettled / errgroup collecting per-item errors / asyncio.gather(return_exceptions=True).

Vendor recipes (step-by-step)

The sections above are the reusable pattern. Concrete step-by-step implementation guides for specific providers live in references/ and load on demand — they don't add to this skill's always-on cost. Each recipe is "how to wire this vendor" for the patterns above, with its steps mapped back to the section numbers.

• references/stripe.md — card + wallet payments (PaymentIntents), webhooks, testing, gotchas.
• references/rapyd.md — card + PayNow via Rapyd Collect; HMAC-signed requests; hosted card tokenization; webhook HMAC.
• references/cybersource.md — card + tokenization (microform / Secure Acceptance) + 3-D Secure; signed-JWT (P12) auth.
• references/uob.md — PayNow QR collection; mutual-TLS + JWS-signed requests; encrypted + signed webhooks.
• references/twilio.md — Twilio SMS behind the notification facade; send via a Messaging Service; status webhook (X-Twilio-Signature).

Verification

• Vendors behind your interface: grep -rn "from 'stripe'\|@rapyd\|cybersource\|new Twilio" src --include='*.ts' | grep -v "/providers/" → empty (vendor SDKs live only in adapter/provider files); callers resolve an impl via the factory, typed to your own PaymentGateway/facade interface.
• One resilient outbound client: grep -rn "axios\.\|fetch(" src --include='*.ts' | grep -vE "http-client|resilient|breaker" → empty (no scattered raw calls); grep -rn "CircuitBreaker" src present. Point a call at a dead URL → after N failures the breaker opens (logs circuit open) and calls fail fast (< the per-call timeout) instead of hanging. Mutating calls send an Idempotency-Key.
• Webhooks verify → ack-fast → async: POST with a tampered body/signature → 400/401 (guard rejects; raw body captured — grep -n "express.raw\|rawBody" src); a valid one returns 204 immediately; redeliver the same vendor event id twice → the side effect runs once.
• Partner edge is scoped: call with no/expired token → 401; valid token but missing scope → 403; valid → 200 and the result is the caller's tenant only (a second client can't read the first's rows).
• Bulk tolerates partial failure: grep -rn "allSettled" src (settle-all fan-out, not Promise.all fail-fast); send a batch with one bad recipient → the batch completes, the failure is logged/retried, the rest succeed.

Related

• integrate-internal-services — the worker that processes the enqueued webhook job; the service mesh.
• write-service-code — §9 (client-proxy lifecycle for internal calls; transactions + compensation), §7 (logging — mask vendor creds + PII), §3 (nullability).
• background-jobs-and-caching — the queue behind fast-ack; Redis SET NX for webhook dedupe.
• import-data-from-csv (bulk ingest) · release-safety (don't break the partner contract) · code-conventions.