Test Strategy

Test Strategy

When to Use

When starting a new project, the test suite is chaotic, or coverage is either too low (bugs slip through) or too high (tests slow everything down).

Core Jobs

1. Apply the Testing Pyramid

         /\
        /E2E\         (few — slow, expensive, fragile)
       /------\
      /Integration\   (some — verify service interactions)
     /------------\
    /  Unit Tests  \  (many — fast, isolated, specific)
   /--------------\

Invert = ice cream cone = too many E2E tests = slow, flaky CI.

2. Decide What to Test at Each Layer

Unit (function/class level):

• Complex business logic (calculations, transformations)
• Edge cases and error paths
• Pure functions with clear inputs/outputs
• Skip: simple CRUD, framework boilerplate

Integration (service/DB level):

• API endpoints with real DB
• External service integrations (with test doubles or test environments)
• Data access layer

E2E (full stack):

• Critical user journeys (sign up, key workflow, checkout)
• 3–10 tests max — not comprehensive coverage

3. Risk-Based Testing

Prioritize coverage based on:

• Business risk: payment processing, auth, data integrity → high coverage
• Change frequency: code that changes often → more tests
• Complexity: high cyclomatic complexity → unit test thoroughly
• User impact: features used by 80% of users → E2E coverage

4. Test Quality Metrics

Track:

• Test pass rate (flaky tests = warning sign)
• Coverage % by layer (target: 80% unit + critical integration paths)
• Time to run full suite (target: < 10 min for pre-merge)

Key Outputs

• Test strategy document (what to test, at what layer, why)
• Coverage targets by risk category
• CI test suite configuration
• Flaky test backlog

Anti-Patterns

• Testing implementation details, not behavior (breaks on refactor)
• E2E tests for everything (slow, flaky, hard to debug)
• No integration tests (unit tests pass, integration fails)
• 100% coverage as a goal (diminishing returns after 80%)