Sg

ast-grep (sg)

Searches code by AST structure, not text. Patterns must be valid parseable code with $VAR meta-variables for wildcards.

Basic Search

ast-grep run -l ts --pattern 'console.log($X)' src/
ast-grep run --pattern '$FUNC()' agent/extensions/   # Auto-detect language

Pattern Syntax

• $VAR — matches a single AST node (uppercase only: $MOD, $_)
• $$$VAR — matches zero or more nodes (function args, statements)
• $_VAR — non-capturing (same name can match different content)
• Patterns must be valid code: import { $X } from "$Y" works, bare from $X fails

Common Patterns

Find re-exports (barrel files):

ast-grep run -l ts --pattern 'export * from "$Y"' ./
ast-grep run -l ts --pattern 'export { $$$X } from "$Y"' ./

Find all imports from a module:

ast-grep run -l ts --pattern 'import { $$$X } from "$MOD"' ./

Find function calls with specific structure:

ast-grep run -l ts --pattern 'console.log($MSG)' ./
ast-grep run -l ts --pattern 'fetch($URL).then($H)' ./

Detect anti-patterns (await inside Promise.all):

ast-grep run -l ts --pattern 'await $X' ./ \
  --selector call_expression \
  --pattern 'Promise.all($$_)'

Rules

• Patterns must be valid parseable code — test with --debug-query=ast
• Use $VAR (uppercase) for meta-variables; $_VAR for non-capturing
• Use --debug-query=ast when patterns fail silently
• Validate complex patterns in the playground first