Expo 网络请求
对于任何网络请求工作,包括 API 请求、数据获取、缓存或网络调试,你必须使用此技能。
参考资料
根据需要查阅这些资源:
references/
expo-router-loaders.md Route-level data loading with Expo Router loaders (web, SDK 55+)
使用场景
在以下情况下使用此技能:
- 实现 API 请求
- 设置数据获取(React Query、SWR)
- 使用 Expo Router 数据加载器(
useLoaderData,web SDK 55+) - 调试网络故障
- 实现缓存策略
- 处理离线场景
- 身份验证/Token 管理
- 配置 API URL 和环境变量
偏好设置
- 避免使用 axios,优先使用 expo/fetch
常见问题与解决方案
1. 基本 Fetch 用法
简单 GET 请求:
const fetchUser = async (userId: string) => {
const response = await fetch(`https://api.example.com/users/${userId}`);
if (!response.ok) {
throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`);
}
return response.json();
};
带请求体的 POST 请求:
const createUser = async (userData: UserData) => {
const response = await fetch("https://api.example.com/users", {
method: "POST",
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/json",
Authorization: `Bearer ${token}`,
},
body: JSON.stringify(userData),
});
if (!response.ok) {
const error = await response.json();
throw new Error(error.message);
}
return response.json();
};
2. React Query(TanStack Query)
设置:
// app/_layout.tsx
import { QueryClient, QueryClientProvider } from "@tanstack/react-query";
const queryClient = new QueryClient({
defaultOptions: {
queries: {
staleTime: 1000 * 60 * 5, // 5 minutes
retry: 2,
},
},
});
export default function RootLayout() {
return (
<QueryClientProvider client={queryClient}>
<Stack />
</QueryClientProvider>
);
}
获取数据:
import { useQuery } from "@tanstack/react-query";
function UserProfile({ userId }: { userId: string }) {
const { data, isLoading, error, refetch } = useQuery({
queryKey: ["user", userId],
queryFn: () => fetchUser(userId),
});
if (isLoading) return <Loading />;
if (error) return <Error message={error.message} />;
return <Profile user={data} />;
}
变更操作:
import { useMutation, useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
function CreateUserForm() {
const queryClient = useQueryClient();
const mutation = useMutation({
mutationFn: createUser,
onSuccess: () => {
// Invalidate and refetch
queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ["users"] });
},
});
const handleSubmit = (data: UserData) => {
mutation.mutate(data);
};
return <Form isLoading={mutation.isPending} />;
}
3. 错误处理
全面的错误处理:
class ApiError extends Error {
constructor(message: string, public status: number, public code?: string) {
super(message);
this.name = "ApiError";
}
}
const fetchWithErrorHandling = async (url: string, options?: RequestInit) => {
try {
const response = await fetch(url, options);
if (!response.ok) {
const error = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
throw new ApiError(
error.message || "Request failed",
response.status,
error.code
);
}
return response.json();
} catch (error) {
if (error instanceof ApiError) {
throw error;
}
// Network error (no internet, timeout, etc.)
throw new ApiError("Network error", 0, "NETWORK_ERROR");
}
};
重试逻辑:
const fetchWithRetry = async (
url: string,
options?: RequestInit,
retries = 3
) => {
for (let i = 0; i < retries; i++) {
try {
return await fetchWithErrorHandling(url, options);
} catch (error) {
if (i === retries - 1) throw error;
// Exponential backoff
await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, Math.pow(2, i) * 1000));
}
}
};
4. 身份验证
Token 管理:
import * as SecureStore from "expo-secure-store";
const TOKEN_KEY = "auth_token";
export const auth = {
getToken: () => SecureStore.getItemAsync(TOKEN_KEY),
setToken: (token: string) => SecureStore.setItemAsync(TOKEN_KEY, token),
removeToken: () => SecureStore.deleteItemAsync(TOKEN_KEY),
};
// Authenticated fetch wrapper
const authFetch = async (url: string, options: RequestInit = {}) => {
const token = await auth.getToken();
return fetch(url, {
...options,
headers: {
...options.headers,
Authorization: token ? `Bearer ${token}` : "",
},
});
};
Token 刷新:
let isRefreshing = false;
let refreshPromise: Promise<string> | null = null;
const getValidToken = async (): Promise<string> => {
const token = await auth.getToken();
if (!token || isTokenExpired(token)) {
if (!isRefreshing) {
isRefreshing = true;
refreshPromise = refreshToken().finally(() => {
isRefreshing = false;
refreshPromise = null;
});
}
return refreshPromise!;
}
return token;
};
5. 离线支持
检查网络状态:
import NetInfo from "@react-native-community/netinfo";
// Hook for network status
function useNetworkStatus() {
const [isOnline, setIsOnline] = useState(true);
useEffect(() => {
return NetInfo.addEventListener((state) => {
setIsOnline(state.isConnected ?? true);
});
}, []);
return isOnline;
}
使用 React Query 实现离线优先:
import { onlineManager } from "@tanstack/react-query";
import NetInfo from "@react-native-community/netinfo";
// Sync React Query with network status
onlineManager.setEventListener((setOnline) => {
return NetInfo.addEventListener((state) => {
setOnline(state.isConnected ?? true);
});
});
// Queries will pause when offline and resume when online
6. 环境变量
使用环境变量配置 API:
Expo 支持以 EXPO_PUBLIC_ 为前缀的环境变量。这些变量在构建时内联到你的 JavaScript 代码中。
// .env
EXPO_PUBLIC_API_URL=https://api.example.com
EXPO_PUBLIC_API_VERSION=v1
// Usage in code
const API_URL = process.env.EXPO_PUBLIC_API_URL;
const fetchUsers = async () => {
const response = await fetch(`${API_URL}/users`);
return response.json();
};
环境特定配置:
// .env.development
EXPO_PUBLIC_API_URL=http://localhost:3000
// .env.production
EXPO_PUBLIC_API_URL=https://api.production.com
使用环境配置创建 API 客户端:
// api/client.ts
const BASE_URL = process.env.EXPO_PUBLIC_API_URL;
if (!BASE_URL) {
throw new Error("EXPO_PUBLIC_API_URL is not defined");
}
export const apiClient = {
get: async <T,>(path: string): Promise<T> => {
const response = await fetch(`${BASE_URL}${path}`);
if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
return response.json();
},
post: async <T,>(path: string, body: unknown): Promise<T> => {
const response = await fetch(`${BASE_URL}${path}`, {
method: "POST",
headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
body: JSON.stringify(body),
});
if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
return response.json();
},
};
重要说明:
- 只有以
EXPO_PUBLIC_为前缀的变量才会暴露给客户端包 - 切勿将密钥(具有写入权限的 API 密钥、数据库密码)放在
EXPO_PUBLIC_变量中——它们在构建后的应用中可见 - 环境变量在构建时内联,而非运行时
- 更改
.env文件后重启开发服务器 - 对于 API 路由中的服务器端密钥,使用不带
EXPO_PUBLIC_前缀的变量
TypeScript 支持:
// types/env.d.ts
declare global {
namespace NodeJS {
interface ProcessEnv {
EXPO_PUBLIC_API_URL: string;
EXPO_PUBLIC_API_VERSION?: string;
}
}
}
export {};
7. 请求取消
卸载时取消:
useEffect(() => {
const controller = new AbortController();
fetch(url, { signal: controller.signal })
.then((response) => response.json())
.then(setData)
.catch((error) => {
if (error.name !== "AbortError") {
setError(error);
}
});
return () => controller.abort();
}, [url]);
使用 React Query(自动):
// React Query automatically cancels requests when queries are invalidated
// or components unmount
决策树
User asks about networking
|-- Route-level data loading (web, SDK 55+)?
| \-- Expo Router loaders — see references/expo-router-loaders.md
|
|-- Basic fetch?
| \-- Use fetch API with error handling
|
|-- Need caching/state management?
| |-- Complex app -> React Query (TanStack Query)
| \-- Simpler needs -> SWR or custom hooks
|
|-- Authentication?
| |-- Token storage -> expo-secure-store
| \-- Token refresh -> Implement refresh flow
|
|-- Error handling?
| |-- Network errors -> Check connectivity first
| |-- HTTP errors -> Parse response, throw typed errors
| \-- Retries -> Exponential backoff
|
|-- Offline support?
| |-- Check status -> NetInfo
| \-- Queue requests -> React Query persistence
|
|-- Environment/API config?
| |-- Client-side URLs -> EXPO_PUBLIC_ prefix in .env
| |-- Server secrets -> Non-prefixed env vars (API routes only)
| \-- Multiple environments -> .env.development, .env.production
|
\-- Performance?
|-- Caching -> React Query with staleTime
|-- Deduplication -> React Query handles this
\-- Cancellation -> AbortController or React Query
常见错误
错误:没有错误处理
const data = await fetch(url).then((r) => r.json());
正确:检查响应状态
const response = await fetch(url);
if (!response.ok) throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}`);
const data = await response.json();
错误:将 Token 存储在 AsyncStorage 中
await AsyncStorage.setItem("token", token); // Not secure!
正确:使用 SecureStore 存储敏感数据
await SecureStore.setItemAsync("token", token);
示例调用
用户:"如何在 React Native 中进行 API 调用?" -> 使用 fetch,包装错误处理
用户:"应该使用 React Query 还是 SWR?" -> 复杂应用使用 React Query,简单需求使用 SWR
用户:"我的应用需要支持离线" -> 使用 NetInfo 检查状态,使用 React Query 持久化进行缓存
用户:"如何处理身份验证 Token?" -> 存储在 expo-secure-store 中,实现刷新流程
用户:"API 调用很慢" -> 检查缓存策略,使用 React Query staleTime
用户:"如何为开发和生产环境配置不同的 API URL?" -> 使用带 EXPOPUBLIC 前缀的环境变量,配合 .env.development 和 .env.production 文件
用户:"我应该把 API 密钥放在哪里?" -> 客户端安全的密钥:在 .env 中使用 EXPOPUBLIC。密钥:仅在 API 路由中使用不带前缀的环境变量
用户:"如何在 Expo Router 中为页面加载数据?" -> 参考 references/expo-router-loaders.md 了解路由级加载器(web,SDK 55+)。对于原生平台,使用 React Query 或 fetch。
限制
- 仅当任务明确匹配上述范围时才使用此技能。
- 不要将输出视为环境特定验证、测试或专家审查的替代品。
- 如果缺少所需输入、权限、安全边界或成功标准,请停下来请求澄清。