Ontology

本体论（Ontology）

一个类型化词汇表 + 约束系统，将知识表示为可验证的图谱。

核心概念

一切皆为实体，拥有类型、属性以及与其他实体的关系。每次变更在提交前都会根据类型约束进行验证。

Entity: { id, type, properties, relations, created, updated }
Relation: { from_id, relation_type, to_id, properties }

使用场景

核心类型

# 智能体与人员
Person: { name, email?, phone?, notes? }
Organization: { name, type?, members[] }

# 工作管理
Project: { name, status, goals[], owner? }
Task: { title, status, due?, priority?, assignee?, blockers[] }
Goal: { description, target_date?, metrics[] }

# 时间与地点
Event: { title, start, end?, location?, attendees[], recurrence? }
Location: { name, address?, coordinates? }

# 信息
Document: { title, path?, url?, summary? }
Message: { content, sender, recipients[], thread? }
Thread: { subject, participants[], messages[] }
Note: { content, tags[], refs[] }

# 资源
Account: { service, username, credential_ref? }
Device: { name, type, identifiers[] }
Credential: { service, secret_ref }  # 永远不要直接存储密钥

# 元数据
Action: { type, target, timestamp, outcome? }
Policy: { scope, rule, enforcement }

存储

默认路径：memory/ontology/graph.jsonl

{"op":"create","entity":{"id":"p_001","type":"Person","properties":{"name":"Alice"}}}
{"op":"create","entity":{"id":"proj_001","type":"Project","properties":{"name":"Website Redesign","status":"active"}}}
{"op":"relate","from":"proj_001","rel":"has_owner","to":"p_001"}

通过脚本或直接文件操作进行查询。对于复杂图谱，可迁移至 SQLite。

仅追加规则

在处理现有本体数据或 Schema 时，追加/合并变更而非覆盖文件。这样可以保留历史记录，避免破坏先前的定义。

工作流

创建实体

python3 scripts/ontology.py create --type Person --props '{"name":"Alice","email":"alice@example.com"}'

查询

python3 scripts/ontology.py query --type Task --where '{"status":"open"}'
python3 scripts/ontology.py get --id task_001
python3 scripts/ontology.py related --id proj_001 --rel has_task

关联实体

python3 scripts/ontology.py relate --from proj_001 --rel has_task --to task_001

验证

python3 scripts/ontology.py validate  # 检查所有约束

约束

在 memory/ontology/schema.yaml 中定义：

types:
  Task:
    required: [title, status]
    status_enum: [open, in_progress, blocked, done]
  
  Event:
    required: [title, start]
    validate: "end >= start if end exists"

  Credential:
    required: [service, secret_ref]
    forbidden_properties: [password, secret, token]  # 强制使用间接引用

relations:
  has_owner:
    from_types: [Project, Task]
    to_types: [Person]
    cardinality: many_to_one
  
  blocks:
    from_types: [Task]
    to_types: [Task]
    acyclic: true  # 不允许循环依赖

技能契约

使用本体的技能应声明：

# 在 SKILL.md 的 frontmatter 或头部中
ontology:
  reads: [Task, Project, Person]
  writes: [Task, Action]
  preconditions:
    - "Task.assignee must exist"
  postconditions:
    - "Created Task has status=open"

将规划建模为图变换

将多步骤规划建模为一系列图操作：

Plan: "Schedule team meeting and create follow-up tasks"

1. CREATE Event { title: "Team Sync", attendees: [p_001, p_002] }
2. RELATE Event -> has_project -> proj_001
3. CREATE Task { title: "Prepare agenda", assignee: p_001 }
4. RELATE Task -> for_event -> event_001
5. CREATE Task { title: "Send summary", assignee: p_001, blockers: [task_001] }

每一步在执行前都会被验证。约束违反时自动回滚。

集成模式

与因果推理集成

将本体变更记录为因果动作：

# 创建/更新实体时，同时记录到因果动作日志
action = {
    "action": "create_entity",
    "domain": "ontology", 
    "context": {"type": "Task", "project": "proj_001"},
    "outcome": "created"
}

跨技能通信

# 邮件技能创建承诺
commitment = ontology.create("Commitment", {
    "source_message": msg_id,
    "description": "Send report by Friday",
    "due": "2026-01-31"
})

# 任务技能接收并处理
tasks = ontology.query("Commitment", {"status": "pending"})
for c in tasks:
    ontology.create("Task", {
        "title": c.description,
        "due": c.due,
        "source": c.id
    })

快速开始

# 初始化本体存储
mkdir -p memory/ontology
touch memory/ontology/graph.jsonl

# 创建 Schema（可选但推荐）
python3 scripts/ontology.py schema-append --data '{
  "types": {
    "Task": { "required": ["title", "status"] },
    "Project": { "required": ["name"] },
    "Person": { "required": ["name"] }
  }
}'

# 开始使用
python3 scripts/ontology.py create --type Person --props '{"name":"Alice"}'
python3 scripts/ontology.py list --type Person

参考资料

• references/schema.md — 完整类型定义与约束模式
• references/queries.md — 查询语言与遍历示例

指令范围

运行时指令操作本地文件（memory/ontology/graph.jsonl 和 memory/ontology/schema.yaml），提供创建/查询/关联/验证的 CLI 用法，这在范围内。技能会读/写工作区文件，使用时会自动创建 memory/ontology 目录。验证包括属性/枚举/禁止字段检查、关系类型/基数验证、标记 acyclic: true 的关系无环检测，以及 Event 的 end >= start 检查；其他高级约束可能仅为文档说明，除非已在代码中实现。