Drug Bioactivity Assay

Bioactivity and Assay Data Retrieval

Goal

To programmatically retrieve the testing history of a specific chemical compound against biological targets using PubChem's Assay Summary endpoint. This skill allows filtering for "Active" outcomes, providing assay IDs (AIDs), target GeneIDs, and micromolar activity values to assess a compound's promiscuity or target specificity.

Instructions

1. Extract All Assays

Retrieve all assays for a given compound (CID), regardless of outcome:

# Env: base-agent
python .agents/skills/drug-bioactivity-assay/scripts/get_assays.py \
  --cid 2244 \
  --limit 50 \
  --outdir research/aspirin_assays \
  --output aspirin_all_assays.json

2. Extract Only 'Active' Results

Use the --active_only flag to strictly return assays where the compound was marked as "Active" or showed positive binding/inhibition.

# Env: base-agent
python .agents/skills/drug-bioactivity-assay/scripts/get_assays.py \
  --cid 5291 \
  --active_only \
  --limit 50 \
  --outdir research/imatinib_assays \
  --output imatinib_active_assays.json

Parameters:

• --cid: PubChem CID of the target molecule (e.g., 5291 for Imatinib).
• --outdir: Directory to save the resulting JSON file.
• --active_only: (Optional) Flag to strictly filter results to assays where the test outcome was "Active".
• --limit: (Optional) Maximum number of assays to retrieve (default: 1000) to keep JSON sizes manageable.
• --output: (Optional) Output filename (default: assay_summary.json).

Examples

We can test extracting known active targets for the cancer drug Imatinib (CID: 5291).

# Env: base-agent
python .agents/skills/drug-bioactivity-assay/scripts/get_assays.py \
  --cid 5291 \
  --active_only \
  --limit 20 \
  --outdir .agents/skills/drug-bioactivity-assay/examples/imatinib \
  --output assays_imatinib_active.json

Constraints

• Assay Availability: Compounds with no biological testing history in PubChem will return 0 results.
• Reporting Variations: High-throughput screening (HTS) assay results often lack explicit target GeneIDs or quantitative Activity Values compared to confirmatory literature assays. The script retrieves whatever is available natively in the column.
• Network Limits: PubChem can sporadically drop connections when rendering very large assay summaries. The script automatically handles connection drops and HTTP 503 blocking via exponential backoff.

Author: Bowen Deng Contact: GitHub @learningmatter-mit