Libreyolo Verify Training

Verify LibreYOLO training

Training bugs ship silently because train() almost never crashes: a dead augmentation knob, a dropped label source, a mis-scaled LR, or a randomly initialized backbone all still produce falling loss curves. Real examples that reached users: an augmentation stage silently skipping the affine transform (its degrees/translate/shear/scale knobs were no-ops), mixup dropping the second image's labels, a from_pretrained that silently no-oped and trained a classifier on a random backbone for weeks, and an eval interval that deleted best.pt on short runs. "Loss goes down" proves nothing; climb the ladder.

The confidence ladder

Climb until the claim you want to make is covered. Each rung is cheap relative to the one above it.

Rung 0: it overfits a tiny fixture (minutes, local GPU or CPU). Train on coco8.yaml (or coco8-pose.yaml for pose) for ~50-100 epochs and validate on the training set. A correct pipeline memorizes 8 images: expect mAP to climb toward ~0.9+. Loss falling but train-set mAP staying near zero is the signature of a broken label path, target assigner, or decode. This is the single highest-value check per invested minute; run it for any new trainer before anything else.

libreyolo train model=Libre<X>.pt data=coco8.yaml epochs=100 imgsz=640 batch=8
libreyolo val model=runs/train/exp/weights/best.pt data=coco8.yaml split=train

Rung 1: the RF1 floor (the repo's objective bar). tests/e2e/test_rf1_training.py fine-tunes every trainable family on the marbles dataset and asserts MIN_MAP = 0.05 plus a save/reload check. The _RF1_NOT_APPLICABLE and _RF1_VALIDATION_GAPS maps distinguish families without a training implementation from trainable families that have not yet cleared RF1. Each entry must describe completed checks and known limits. Removing a validation-gap entry means making the family pass RF1, not hiding the evidence gap.

PYTHONPATH=. .venv/Scripts/python.exe -m pytest tests/e2e/test_rf1_training.py \
  -m "e2e and not rf5" -k "<family>" -v

Rung 2: regression + behavior tests. test_training_regression.py (training-specific regressions) and the unit-level trainer/loss/DDP tests (tests/unit/test_ddp_*, test_*_trainer*). Run these whenever shared training code changes, not just the family you touched.

Rung 3: RF5 benchmark. make test_rf5 trains across the RF100-style suite (needs ROBOFLOW_API_KEY). This is the "does it fine-tune well, not just at all" tier; expensive, run when claiming training quality.

Rung 4: a real run at scale. Full-dataset training on a rented GPU (use launch-serverless-gpu-job), then compare val mAP against the published number for that family/size. scripts/spot_check_val_map.py manages baseline-vs-current comparisons on COCO val. Only this rung supports claims like "training reproduces the paper/upstream recipe".

The silent-bug classes (and the hunt for each)

Check these deliberately whenever touching training code; none of them crash.

1. Dead augmentation knobs. A config key that no code consumes, or a pipeline stage that never runs. Hunt: set the knob to an extreme value and diff output pixels/labels across a fixed seed; every documented knob must visibly change the sample. For refactors, scripts/augment_diff_sweep.py runs the parity cases across many seeds against two checkouts and asserts byte-identical outputs; the golden fixtures in tests/unit/fixtures/augment_golden/ pin single-seed behavior.
2. Label loss in multi-image augs. Mosaic/mixup must carry all source images' labels into the composite. Hunt: synthetic images with one box each, assert the merged target count.
3. LR and loss scaling under DDP. Mean-normalized losses need no world-size scaling (gradient averaging already handles it); scaling them again gives an effective LR multiplied by world size. Hunt: single-GPU vs 2-process DDP on the same seed, compare loss magnitude and update norms (tests/unit/test_ddp_loss_parity.py is the pattern).
4. Checkpoint lifecycle. best.pt must exist after short runs (eval cadence vs epochs interplay), last.pt must resume, and a save/reload must produce identical val metrics (RF1 already asserts this).
5. Warm-start that isn't. Loading pretrained weights must actually transfer tensors; a silently-empty load trains from scratch and looks like "slow convergence". Hunt: compare a few backbone tensor checksums before/after load, and expect epoch-1 val mAP well above random for a warm start.
6. Val-side bugs masquerading as training bugs. A preprocessing mismatch in the validator (letterbox scaling, class maps) makes a healthy model look broken. Before blaming training, run val on the pretrained checkpoint: if that number is already wrong, the bug is in val.

Family caveats worth knowing

• RF-DETR ignores the generic YOLO augmentation knobs and takes an absolute lr (not lr0); its trainer has its own recipe. Do not "fix" that.
• Trainers orchestrate, families own recipes (libreyolo/training/trainer.py BaseTrainer + per-family subclasses). A shared-trainer change needs rung 1 across several families, flagship (YOLO9, RF-DETR) at minimum.
• Inference-only families (l2cs, pidnet, depth_anything, the legacy Darknet lineage, open-vocab tier) have no training to verify; check SUPPORTED_TASKS/docs before promising trainability.

Watching a run

Every run writes live monitoring files into its save_dir: status.json (state, epoch, ETA, latest/best metrics, error on failure), metrics.jsonl (per-epoch history), train.log (console tee). Read status.json instead of tailing logs; libreyolo monitor [root] serves a browser dashboard over any number of runs, live or finished.

Reporting the result

State the rung reached, per family: "YOLO9-t passes rung 0 and RF1; regression suite green; no rung-4 claim made." Never say "training works" from a completed train() alone, and never present a family on the RF1 skip list as having validated convergence without saying so.

Related

• skills/libreyolo-run-e2e-tests/: mechanics of running RF1/RF5 correctly.
• skills/libreyolo-profiling/: when training is slow rather than wrong.
• skills/launch-serverless-gpu-job/: rung-4 runs on rented GPUs.
• docs/testing.md: where each training tier lives in CI.