1---2name: azure-web-application-firewall3description: Expert knowledge for Azure Web Application Firewall development including troubleshooting, best practices, decision making, architecture & design patterns, limits & quotas, security, configuration, integrations & coding patterns, and deployment. Use when configuring Front Door/App Gateway WAF rules, rate limits, bot/CAPTCHA, Sentinel logging, or IaC deployments, and other Azure Web Application Firewall related development tasks. Not for Azure Application Gateway (use azure-application-gateway), Azure Front Door (use azure-front-door), Azure Firewall (use azure-firewall), Azure DDos Protection (use azure-ddos-protection).4---5# Azure Web Application Firewall Skill67This skill provides expert guidance for Azure Web Application Firewall. Covers troubleshooting, best practices, decision making, architecture & design patterns, limits & quotas, security, configuration, integrations & coding patterns, and deployment. It combines local quick-reference content with remote documentation fetching capabilities.89## How to Use This Skill1011> **IMPORTANT for Agent**: Use the **Category Index** below to locate relevant sections. For categories with line ranges (e.g., `L35-L120`), use `read_file` with the specified lines. For categories with file links (e.g., `[security.md](security.md)`), use `read_file` on the linked reference file1213> **IMPORTANT for Agent**: If `metadata.generated_at` is more than 3 months old, suggest the user pull the latest version from the repository. If `mcp_microsoftdocs` tools are not available, suggest the user install it: [Installation Guide](https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/mcp/blob/main/README.md)1415This skill requires **network access** to fetch documentation content:16- **Preferred**: Use `mcp_microsoftdocs:microsoft_docs_fetch` with query string `from=learn-agent-skill`. Returns Markdown.17- **Fallback**: Use `fetch_webpage` with query string `from=learn-agent-skill&accept=text/markdown`. Returns Markdown.1819## Category Index2021| Category | Lines | Description |22|----------|-------|-------------|23| Troubleshooting | L37-L42 | Diagnosing and fixing common Azure WAF issues on Front Door and Application Gateway, including false positives, blocked requests, rule tuning, and investigating WAF logs. |24| Best Practices | L43-L51 | Best practices for configuring, tuning, and hardening Azure WAF on Front Door and Application Gateway, including rule tuning, exclusions, geomatch rules, and deployment security. |25| Decision Making | L52-L58 | Guidance on planning and executing migration from legacy WAF configs to full WAF policies, and choosing/upgrading the appropriate Azure WAF managed rulesets. |26| Architecture & Design Patterns | L59-L63 | Architectural guidance for designing DDoS-resistant web apps using Azure WAF with Front Door, including traffic flow, protection layers, and best-practice deployment patterns. |27| Limits & Quotas | L64-L68 | Configuring WAF request body and file upload size limits on Application Gateway, including max size settings, constraints, and how to safely adjust them. |28| Security | L69-L75 | Details on WAF security rules (Front Door DRS), bot protection on Application Gateway, and enforcing WAF configurations and governance using Azure Policy. |29| Configuration | L76-L122 | Configuring Azure WAF (Front Door & App Gateway): policies, custom/managed rules, rate limiting, geo/IP filters, bot/CAPTCHA, exclusions, logging/scrubbing, and custom block responses. |30| Integrations & Coding Patterns | L123-L133 | Using WAF with other Azure services: integrating logs with Sentinel/Log Analytics, automating incident response, investigating events, and protecting APIM/Azure OpenAI via Front Door WAF. |31| Deployment | L134-L139 | How to deploy and provision Azure Application Gateway WAF v2 using Bicep, ARM templates, or Terraform, including required resources, parameters, and configuration structure. |3233### Troubleshooting34| Topic | URL |35|-------|-----|36| Resolve common Azure Front Door WAF questions | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-faq |37| Resolve common Azure Application Gateway WAF issues | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/application-gateway-waf-faq |3839### Best Practices40| Topic | URL |41|-------|-----|42| Implement best practices for Front Door WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-best-practices |43| Tune Azure Front Door WAF rules and exclusions | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-tuning |44| Apply best practices for Application Gateway WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/best-practices |45| Apply geomatch WAF rules to strengthen web app security | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/geomatch-custom-rules-examples |46| Secure and harden Azure Web Application Firewall deployments | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/secure-web-application-firewall |4748### Decision Making49| Topic | URL |50|-------|-----|51| Migrate Azure Application Gateway WAF configs to full policies | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/migrate-policy |52| Plan upgrade from WAF configuration to WAF policy | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/upgrade-ag-waf-policy |53| Choose and upgrade Azure WAF managed rulesets | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ruleset-support-policy |5455### Architecture & Design Patterns56| Topic | URL |57|-------|-----|58| Design application DDoS protection with Azure WAF and Front Door | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/shared/application-ddos-protection |5960### Limits & Quotas61| Topic | URL |62|-------|-----|63| Configure WAF request and file upload size limits on Application Gateway | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/application-gateway-waf-request-size-limits |6465### Security66| Topic | URL |67|-------|-----|68| Understand Azure WAF Front Door DRS rule groups | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-drs |69| Understand bot protection capabilities on Application Gateway WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/bot-protection-overview |70| Enforce WAF governance using Azure Policy | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/shared/waf-azure-policy |7172### Configuration73| Topic | URL |74|-------|-----|75| Configure CAPTCHA challenges in Azure Front Door WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/captcha-challenge |76| Configure custom block responses for Front Door WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-configure-custom-response-code |77| Configure IP restriction rules in Front Door WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-configure-ip-restriction |78| Create and attach a WAF policy in Azure Front Door | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-create-portal |79| Define custom WAF rules for Azure Front Door | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-custom-rules |80| Configure Azure Front Door WAF custom and managed rules | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-custom-rules-powershell |81| Configure exclusion lists for Front Door WAF policies | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-exclusion |82| Set up WAF exclusion rules on Azure Front Door | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-exclusion-configure |83| Configure geo-filtering rules in Azure Front Door WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-geo-filtering |84| Configure monitoring and logging for Front Door WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-monitor |85| Enable and configure bot protection in Front Door WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-policy-configure-bot-protection |86| Configure Azure Front Door WAF policy-level settings | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-policy-settings |87| Configure rate limiting policies in Front Door WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-rate-limit |88| Create and tune WAF rate-limit rules on Front Door | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-rate-limit-configure |89| Create a geo-filtering WAF policy with PowerShell | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-front-door-tutorial-geo-filtering |90| Configure log scrubbing on Azure Front Door WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-sensitive-data-protection-configure-frontdoor |91| Enable sensitive data protection for Front Door WAF logs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/waf-sensitive-data-protection-frontdoor |92| Reference for Application Gateway WAF CRS and DRS rules | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/application-gateway-crs-rulegroups-rules |93| Customize Application Gateway WAF rules using Azure CLI | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/application-gateway-customize-waf-rules-cli |94| Customize Application Gateway WAF rules in Azure portal | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/application-gateway-customize-waf-rules-portal |95| Customize Application Gateway WAF rules with PowerShell | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/application-gateway-customize-waf-rules-powershell |96| Configure WAF exclusion lists on Application Gateway | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/application-gateway-waf-configuration |97| Configure and analyze Application Gateway WAF metrics | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/application-gateway-waf-metrics |98| Associate WAF policies with existing Application Gateways | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/associate-waf-policy-existing-gateway |99| Configure bot protection rules for Azure Application Gateway WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/bot-protection |100| Configure custom block response codes and pages for Application Gateway WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/configure-custom-response-code |101| Create WAF v2 custom rules with Azure PowerShell | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/configure-waf-custom-rules |102| Design and apply WAF v2 custom rules on Application Gateway | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/create-custom-waf-rules |103| Create and attach WAF policies to Azure Application Gateway | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/create-waf-policy-ag |104| Overview of WAF v2 custom rules on Application Gateway | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/custom-waf-rules-overview |105| Configure HTTP DDoS ruleset for Application Gateway WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/ddos-ruleset |106| Configure geomatch custom rules for Application Gateway WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/geomatch-custom-rules |107| Use Application Gateway WAF Insights dashboards | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/insights |108| Configure per-site WAF policies with PowerShell | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/per-site-policies |109| Understand and scope WAF policies on Application Gateway | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/policy-overview |110| Create rate-limiting custom rules for Application Gateway WAF v2 | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/rate-limiting-configure |111| Configure rate limiting for Azure Application Gateway WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/rate-limiting-overview |112| Upgrade CRS/DRS ruleset versions on Application Gateway WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/upgrade-ruleset-version |113| Configure sensitive data protection in WAF logs | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/waf-sensitive-data-protection |114| Set up WAF log scrubbing on Application Gateway | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/waf-sensitive-data-protection-configure |115| Enable and manage logging for Azure WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/web-application-firewall-logs |116| Manage WAF policies centrally with Azure Firewall Manager | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/shared/manage-policies |117| Use JavaScript challenge for bot mitigation in WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/waf-javascript-challenge |118119### Integrations & Coding Patterns120| Topic | URL |121|-------|-----|122| Automate WAF incident response with Microsoft Sentinel | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/automated-detection-response-with-sentinel |123| Protect APIM-hosted APIs with Front Door WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/protect-api-hosted-apim-by-waf |124| Secure Azure OpenAI endpoints using Front Door WAF | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/afds/protect-azure-open-ai |125| Analyze Application Gateway WAF logs with Log Analytics | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/log-analytics |126| Investigate Azure WAF events with Security Copilot | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/waf-copilot |127| Detect new web threats using WAF and Sentinel | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/waf-new-threat-detection |128| Integrate Azure WAF logs with Microsoft Sentinel | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/waf-sentinel |129130### Deployment131| Topic | URL |132|-------|-----|133| Deploy Azure Application Gateway WAF v2 using Bicep | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/quick-create-bicep |134| Deploy Azure Application Gateway WAF v2 via ARM template | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/ag/quick-create-template |135| Provision Application Gateway WAF v2 with Terraform | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/web-application-firewall/quickstart-web-application-firewall-terraform |
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