Analytics

FTC Metrics Analytics

FTC Metrics uses two primary rating systems to evaluate team performance:

• EPA (Expected Points Added) - Bayesian-style incremental updates
• OPR (Offensive Power Rating) - Linear algebra matrix solution

Quick Reference

EPA (Expected Points Added)

EPA represents how many points above/below average a team contributes to their alliance score.

Algorithm Overview

1. Start with season baseline (average scores)
2. After each match, calculate expected vs actual
3. Distribute score difference to teams
4. Apply adaptive K-factor for learning rate

Usage

import { calculateEPA, type MatchForEPA } from "@ftcmetrics/api/lib/stats";

const matches: MatchForEPA[] = [
  {
    matchNumber: 1,
    redTeam1: 12345,
    redTeam2: 12346,
    blueTeam1: 12347,
    blueTeam2: 12348,
    redScore: 45,
    blueScore: 38,
    redAutoScore: 12,
    redTeleopScore: 28,
    redEndgameScore: 5,
    // ... blue scores
  },
];

const epaResults = calculateEPA(matches);
const team12345 = epaResults.get(12345);
// { epa: 5.2, autoEpa: 1.5, teleopEpa: 3.2, endgameEpa: 0.5, ... }

EPA Result Structure

interface EPAResult {
  teamNumber: number;
  epa: number;          // Total EPA
  autoEpa: number;      // Autonomous phase
  teleopEpa: number;    // Teleop phase
  endgameEpa: number;   // Endgame phase
  matchCount: number;   // Matches played
  recentEpa?: number;   // Last 5 matches average
  trend?: "up" | "down" | "stable";
}

Adaptive K-Factor

K-factor determines how much each new match affects the rating:

// High K (0.4) for new teams = ratings change quickly
// Low K (0.1) for experienced teams = ratings stabilize
function getAdaptiveKFactor(matchCount: number): number {
  const minK = 0.1;
  const maxK = 0.4;
  const decayRate = 0.1;
  return Math.max(minK, maxK * Math.exp(-decayRate * matchCount));
}

OPR (Offensive Power Rating)

OPR uses linear algebra to decompose alliance scores into individual team contributions.

Algorithm Overview

1. Build matrix of alliance compositions
2. Build vector of alliance scores
3. Solve using iterative least squares
4. Each team's OPR = their contribution to alliance score

Usage

import { calculateOPR, type MatchForOPR } from "@ftcmetrics/api/lib/stats";

const matches: MatchForOPR[] = [...]; // Match data

const oprResults = calculateOPR(matches);
const team12345 = oprResults.get(12345);
// { opr: 22.5, autoOpr: 6.0, teleopOpr: 14.0, endgameOpr: 2.5, dpr: 3.2, ccwm: 19.3 }

OPR Result Structure

interface OPRResult {
  teamNumber: number;
  opr: number;          // Offensive Power Rating
  autoOpr: number;      // Auto contribution
  teleopOpr: number;    // Teleop contribution
  endgameOpr: number;   // Endgame contribution
  dpr: number;          // Defensive Power Rating
  ccwm: number;         // Calculated Contribution to Winning Margin
}

Match Predictions

Predictions combine EPA values to estimate match outcomes:

interface PredictionResult {
  redExpectedScore: number;
  blueExpectedScore: number;
  redWinProbability: number;
  blueWinProbability: number;
  predictedMargin: number;
}

Prediction Formula

// Sum EPAs and add baseline
const redExpected = baseline + redTeam1EPA + redTeam2EPA;
const blueExpected = baseline + blueTeam1EPA + blueTeam2EPA;

// Win probability using logistic function
const margin = redExpected - blueExpected;
const redWinProb = 1 / (1 + Math.exp(-margin / SCORE_VARIANCE));

DECODE Season Baselines

const DECODE_BASELINE = {
  autoScore: 8,      // Average auto per alliance
  teleopScore: 25,   // Average teleop per alliance
  endgameScore: 5,   // Average endgame per alliance
  totalScore: 38,    // Average total per alliance
};

These baselines are updated dynamically based on actual match data.

Common Patterns

Calculate Rankings for Event

async function getEventRankings(eventCode: string) {
  const matches = await fetchMatchesWithScores(eventCode);

  const epaResults = calculateEPA(matches);
  const oprResults = calculateOPR(matches);

  // Combine and sort by EPA
  const rankings = Array.from(epaResults.values())
    .map((epa) => ({
      ...epa,
      opr: oprResults.get(epa.teamNumber),
    }))
    .sort((a, b) => b.epa - a.epa);

  return rankings;
}

Track EPA Over Time

// Store EPA after each match for trend analysis
interface EPAHistory {
  teamNumber: number;
  eventCode: string;
  matchNumber: number;
  epaValue: number;
  recordedAt: Date;
}

Anti-Patterns

• ❌ Using OPR for predictions (use EPA instead - OPR overfits to past data)
• ❌ Calculating EPA without sorting matches chronologically
• ❌ Using static K-factor (adaptive K improves accuracy)
• ❌ Ignoring component scores (auto/teleop/endgame give better insights)

Implementation Files

• packages/api/src/lib/stats/epa.ts - EPA calculator
• packages/api/src/lib/stats/opr.ts - OPR calculator
• packages/api/src/routes/analytics.ts - Analytics API endpoints

References

• Statbotics EPA Methodology
• OPR Explained