Angular Forms

Angular Signal Forms

Build type-safe, reactive forms using Angular's Signal Forms API. Signal Forms provide automatic two-way binding, schema-based validation, and reactive field state.

Note: Signal Forms are experimental in Angular v21. For production apps requiring stability, see references/form-patterns.md for Reactive Forms patterns.

Basic Setup

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";
import { form, FormField, required, email } from "@angular/forms/signals";

interface LoginData {
  email: string;
  password: string;
}

@Component({
  selector: "app-login",
  imports: [FormField],
  template: `
    <form (submit)="onSubmit($event)">
      <label>
        Email
        <input type="email" [formField]="loginForm.email" />
      </label>
      @if (loginForm.email().touched() && loginForm.email().invalid()) {
        <p class="error">{{ loginForm.email().errors()[0].message }}</p>
      }

      <label>
        Password
        <input type="password" [formField]="loginForm.password" />
      </label>
      @if (loginForm.password().touched() && loginForm.password().invalid()) {
        <p class="error">{{ loginForm.password().errors()[0].message }}</p>
      }

      <button type="submit" [disabled]="loginForm().invalid()">Login</button>
    </form>
  `,
})
export class Login {
  // Form model - a writable signal
  loginModel = signal<LoginData>({
    email: "",
    password: "",
  });

  // Create form with validation schema
  loginForm = form(this.loginModel, (schemaPath) => {
    required(schemaPath.email, { message: "Email is required" });
    email(schemaPath.email, { message: "Enter a valid email address" });
    required(schemaPath.password, { message: "Password is required" });
  });

  onSubmit(event: Event) {
    event.preventDefault();
    if (this.loginForm().valid()) {
      const credentials = this.loginModel();
      console.log("Submitting:", credentials);
    }
  }
}

Form Models

Form models are writable signals that serve as the single source of truth:

// Define interface for type safety
interface UserProfile {
  name: string;
  email: string;
  age: number | null;
  preferences: {
    newsletter: boolean;
    theme: "light" | "dark";
  };
}

// Create model signal with initial values
const userModel = signal<UserProfile>({
  name: "",
  email: "",
  age: null,
  preferences: {
    newsletter: false,
    theme: "light",
  },
});

// Create form from model
const userForm = form(userModel);

// Access nested fields via dot notation
userForm.name; // FieldTree<string>
userForm.preferences.theme; // FieldTree<'light' | 'dark'>

Reading Values

// Read entire model
const data = this.userModel();

// Read field value via field state
const name = this.userForm.name().value();
const theme = this.userForm.preferences.theme().value();

Updating Values

// Replace entire model
this.userModel.set({
  name: "Alice",
  email: "alice@example.com",
  age: 30,
  preferences: { newsletter: true, theme: "dark" },
});

// Update single field
this.userForm.name().value.set("Bob");
this.userForm.age().value.update((age) => (age ?? 0) + 1);

Field State

Each field provides reactive signals for validation, interaction, and availability:

const emailField = this.form.email();

// Validation state
emailField.valid(); // true if passes all validation
emailField.invalid(); // true if has validation errors
emailField.errors(); // array of error objects
emailField.pending(); // true if async validation in progress

// Interaction state
emailField.touched(); // true after focus + blur
emailField.dirty(); // true after user modification

// Availability state
emailField.disabled(); // true if field is disabled
emailField.hidden(); // true if field should be hidden
emailField.readonly(); // true if field is readonly

// Value
emailField.value(); // current field value (signal)

Form-Level State

The form itself is also a field with aggregated state:

// Form is valid when all interactive fields are valid
this.form().valid();

// Form is touched when any field is touched
this.form().touched();

// Form is dirty when any field is modified
this.form().dirty();

Validation

Built-in Validators

import {
  form,
  required,
  email,
  min,
  max,
  minLength,
  maxLength,
  pattern,
} from "@angular/forms/signals";

const userForm = form(this.userModel, (schemaPath) => {
  // Required field
  required(schemaPath.name, { message: "Name is required" });

  // Email format
  email(schemaPath.email, { message: "Invalid email" });

  // Numeric range
  min(schemaPath.age, 18, { message: "Must be 18+" });
  max(schemaPath.age, 120, { message: "Invalid age" });

  // String/array length
  minLength(schemaPath.password, 8, { message: "Min 8 characters" });
  maxLength(schemaPath.bio, 500, { message: "Max 500 characters" });

  // Regex pattern
  pattern(schemaPath.phone, /^\d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}$/, {
    message: "Format: 555-123-4567",
  });
});

Conditional Validation

const orderForm = form(this.orderModel, (schemaPath) => {
  required(schemaPath.promoCode, {
    message: "Promo code required for discounts",
    when: ({ valueOf }) => valueOf(schemaPath.applyDiscount),
  });
});

Custom Validators

import { validate } from "@angular/forms/signals";

const signupForm = form(this.signupModel, (schemaPath) => {
  // Custom validation logic
  validate(schemaPath.username, ({ value }) => {
    if (value().includes(" ")) {
      return { kind: "noSpaces", message: "Username cannot contain spaces" };
    }
    return null;
  });
});

Cross-Field Validation

const passwordForm = form(this.passwordModel, (schemaPath) => {
  required(schemaPath.password);
  required(schemaPath.confirmPassword);

  // Compare fields
  validate(schemaPath.confirmPassword, ({ value, valueOf }) => {
    if (value() !== valueOf(schemaPath.password)) {
      return { kind: "mismatch", message: "Passwords do not match" };
    }
    return null;
  });
});

Async Validation

import { validateHttp } from "@angular/forms/signals";

const signupForm = form(this.signupModel, (schemaPath) => {
  validateHttp(schemaPath.username, {
    request: ({ value }) => `/api/check-username?u=${value()}`,
    onSuccess: (response: { taken: boolean }) => {
      if (response.taken) {
        return { kind: "taken", message: "Username already taken" };
      }
      return null;
    },
    onError: () => ({
      kind: "networkError",
      message: "Could not verify username",
    }),
  });
});

Conditional Fields

Hidden Fields

import { hidden } from "@angular/forms/signals";

const profileForm = form(this.profileModel, (schemaPath) => {
  hidden(schemaPath.publicUrl, ({ valueOf }) => !valueOf(schemaPath.isPublic));
});

@if (!profileForm.publicUrl().hidden()) {
<input [formField]="profileForm.publicUrl" />
}

Disabled Fields

import { disabled } from "@angular/forms/signals";

const orderForm = form(this.orderModel, (schemaPath) => {
  disabled(
    schemaPath.couponCode,
    ({ valueOf }) => valueOf(schemaPath.total) < 50,
  );
});

Readonly Fields

import { readonly } from "@angular/forms/signals";

const accountForm = form(this.accountModel, (schemaPath) => {
  readonly(schemaPath.username); // Always readonly
});

Form Submission

import { submit } from "@angular/forms/signals";

@Component({
  template: `
    <form (submit)="onSubmit($event)">
      <input [formField]="form.email" />
      <input [formField]="form.password" />
      <button type="submit" [disabled]="form().invalid()">Submit</button>
    </form>
  `,
})
export class Login {
  model = signal({ email: "", password: "" });
  form = form(this.model, (schemaPath) => {
    required(schemaPath.email);
    required(schemaPath.password);
  });

  onSubmit(event: Event) {
    event.preventDefault();

    // submit() marks all fields touched and runs callback if valid
    submit(this.form, async () => {
      await this.authService.login(this.model());
    });
  }
}

Arrays and Dynamic Fields

interface Order {
  items: Array<{ product: string; quantity: number }>;
}

@Component({
  template: `
    @for (item of orderForm.items; track $index; let i = $index) {
      <div>
        <input [formField]="item.product" placeholder="Product" />
        <input [formField]="item.quantity" type="number" />
        <button type="button" (click)="removeItem(i)">Remove</button>
      </div>
    }
    <button type="button" (click)="addItem()">Add Item</button>
  `,
})
export class Order {
  orderModel = signal<Order>({
    items: [{ product: "", quantity: 1 }],
  });

  orderForm = form(this.orderModel, (schemaPath) => {
    applyEach(schemaPath.items, (item) => {
      required(item.product, { message: "Product required" });
      min(item.quantity, 1, { message: "Min quantity is 1" });
    });
  });

  addItem() {
    this.orderModel.update((m) => ({
      ...m,
      items: [...m.items, { product: "", quantity: 1 }],
    }));
  }

  removeItem(index: number) {
    this.orderModel.update((m) => ({
      ...m,
      items: m.items.filter((_, i) => i !== index),
    }));
  }
}

Displaying Errors

<input [formField]="form.email" />

@if (form.email().touched() && form.email().invalid()) {
<ul class="errors">
  @for (error of form.email().errors(); track error) {
  <li>{{ error.message }}</li>
  }
</ul>
} @if (form.email().pending()) {
<span>Validating...</span>
}

Styling Based on State

<input
  [formField]="form.email"
  [class.is-invalid]="form.email().touched() && form.email().invalid()"
  [class.is-valid]="form.email().touched() && form.email().valid()"
/>

Reset Form

async onSubmit() {
  if (!this.form().valid()) return;

  await this.api.submit(this.model());

  // Clear interaction state
  this.form().reset();

  // Clear values
  this.model.set({ email: '', password: '' });
}

For Reactive Forms patterns (production-stable), see references/form-patterns.md.