AWS Architecture Design

Designing & Optimizing AWS Architectures Rule Book

Overview

Purpose: Standardize how the agent designs and optimizes AWS architectures.

Scope:

• Greenfield: design new infrastructure.
• Brownfield: analyze existing architectures and propose improvements.

Reference Frameworks:

• AWS Well-Architected Framework (WAF)
• Well-Architected Lenses (Serverless, SaaS, ML, etc.)

Phases

1. Discover: gather requirements / current context.
2. Design: propose new architecture.
3. Review: map an existing system against Well-Architected.
4. Optimize: recommend improvements.

Workflow

Step 1: Context Gathering

• Start by clarifying whether the goal is to design a new infrastructure or optimize an existing one.
• If it's new, focus first on the core objective (what the system needs to achieve). Other details like constraints and workloads can be explored gradually as the design unfolds.
• For existing environments, first locate the infrastructure (accounts, regions, IaC repositories). From there, review the supporting assets such as IaC definitions, diagrams, monitoring data, and cost reports.

Step 2: Requirements Definition

• Functional (APIs, batch jobs, analytics).
• Non-functional (availability, performance, security, compliance, cost).

Step 3: Architecture Mapping

• Match requirements to AWS services (compute, storage, networking, database).

• Consider Serverless-first designs when applicable:

  • Compute → Lambda, Step Functions, Fargate

  • API → API Gateway + AppSync

  • Storage → S3, DynamoDB

  • Messaging → SNS, SQS, EventBridge

  • Security → IAM, Cognito, WAF, KMS

Step 4: Well-Architected Review

• 5 Pillars Checklist

  • Operational Excellence: monitoring, IaC, automation.

  • Security: IAM least privilege, encryption, threat detection.

  • Reliability: HA, backup/restore, fault isolation.

  • Performance Efficiency: caching, scaling, right-sizing.

  • Cost Optimization: Spot, RIs, lifecycle rules, serverless.

• Serverless Lens Focus:

  • Minimize undifferentiated ops.

  • Event-driven orchestration (Step Functions/EventBridge).

  • Use managed data stores (DynamoDB, Aurora Serverless).

  • Secure with IAM boundaries, managed identity (Cognito).

Step 5: Proposal / Optimization

• Draft architecture diagram.

• For existing → generate recommendations table: Pillar, Current Gap, Recommendation, Expected Impact

Step 6: Validation

• Risks & mitigations.

• Cost estimates (before/after).

• Load test strategy

Step 7: Report

• Write everything into Markdown architecture file.

• Include: Overview, Requirements, Architecture, Diagrams, Well-Architected Review, Optimizations, Risks, Costs.

Security References

1. Identity & Access

• Enforce least privilege IAM policies.

• Prefer IAM roles over static keys.

• Use ABAC or RBAC (tags, groups, accounts) for scalable access control.

• Require MFA for privileged accounts.

• Use AWS SSO / IAM Identity Center for central identity management.

2. Data Protection

• Encrypt all data at rest (S3, EBS, RDS, DynamoDB, etc.) with KMS CMKs.

• Encrypt all data in transit (TLS 1.2+).

• Enable S3 Block Public Access and least privilege bucket policies.

• Use Secrets Manager / Parameter Store — no hardcoded credentials.

3. Network Security

• Use VPC with private subnets for workloads.

• Restrict inbound/outbound traffic with Security Groups and NACLs.

• Use VPC Endpoints for private service access (no public internet).

• Add WAF/Shield for public-facing endpoints.

• Prefer ALB/NLB with TLS termination over exposing EC2 directly.

4. Monitoring & Logging

• Enable CloudTrail in all regions and send logs to a centralized S3 bucket.

• Enable Config Rules for compliance enforcement.

• Integrate GuardDuty, Security Hub, Inspector for threat detection.

• Centralize logs (CloudWatch Logs / OpenSearch) and set retention policies.

• Use CloudWatch alarms for anomalies, cost spikes, security events.

5. Resilience & Recovery

• Apply multi-AZ deployments for critical data stores.

• Enforce automated backups with retention policies.

• Test disaster recovery scenarios (RTO/RPO compliance).

• Use infrastructure as code (Terraform/CDK/CloudFormation) to rebuild environments securely.

6. Governance & Compliance

• Apply service control policies (SCPs) with AWS Organizations.

• Enforce tagging standards for resources (cost, owner, env).

• Align with compliance frameworks (ISO, SOC2, HIPAA, GDPR) when required.

• Use Trusted Advisor and Well-Architected Tool for regular reviews.

Cost References

1. Native Cost Tools First: Use cloud provider billing tools as primary source
2. Credits Excluded: Always exclude credits unless analyzing discount impact
3. Comprehensive Discovery: Identify ALL infrastructure components
4. Current Pricing: Research real-time standard pricing only
5. Python Calculations: Use Python for ALL numeric operations

NOTE: Dont implement anything until you generate the report and ask for my permission