Deploy Contracts

Deploy Contracts Skill

Overview

This skill guides safe deployment of Move contracts to Aptos networks. Always deploy to testnet before mainnet.

Pre-Deployment Checklist

Before deploying, verify ALL items:

Security Audit ⭐ CRITICAL - See SECURITY.md

• Security audit completed (use security-audit skill)
• All critical vulnerabilities fixed
• All security patterns verified (arithmetic safety, storage scoping, reference safety, business logic)
• Access control verified (signer checks, object ownership)
• Input validation implemented (minimum thresholds, fee validation)
• No unbounded iterations (per-user storage, not global vectors)
• Atomic operations (no front-running opportunities)
• Randomness security (if applicable - entry functions, gas balanced)

Testing

• 100% test coverage achieved: aptos move test --coverage
• All tests passing: aptos move test
• Coverage report shows 100.0%
• Edge cases tested

Code Quality

• Code compiles without errors: aptos move compile
• No hardcoded addresses (use named addresses)
• Error codes clearly defined
• Functions properly documented

Configuration

• Move.toml configured correctly
• Named addresses set up: my_addr = "_"
• Dependencies specified with correct versions
• Network URLs configured

Object Deployment (Modern Pattern)

CRITICAL: Use Correct Deployment Command

There are TWO ways to deploy contracts. For modern object-based contracts, use deploy-object:

✅ CORRECT: Object Deployment (Modern Pattern)

aptos move deploy-object \
    --address-name my_addr \
    --profile devnet \
    --assume-yes

What this does:

1. Creates an object to host your contract code
2. Deploys the package to that object's address
3. Returns the object address (deterministic, based on deployer + package name)
4. Object address becomes your contract address

❌ WRONG: Using Regular Publish for Object Contracts

# ❌ Don't use this for object-based contracts
aptos move publish \
    --named-addresses my_addr=<address>

When to use each:

• deploy-object: Modern contracts using objects (RECOMMENDED)
• publish: Legacy account-based deployment (older pattern)

How to tell if you need object deployment:

• Your contract creates named objects in init_module
• Your contract uses object::create_named_object()
• You want a deterministic contract address
• Documentation says "deploy as object"

Alternative Object Deployment Commands

Option 1: deploy-object (Recommended - Simplest)

aptos move deploy-object --address-name my_addr --profile devnet

• Automatically creates object and deploys code
• Object address is deterministic
• Best for most use cases

Option 2: create-object-and-publish-package (Advanced)

aptos move create-object-and-publish-package \
    --address-name my_addr \
    --named-addresses my_addr=default

• More complex command with more options
• Use only if you need specific object configuration
• Generally not needed

Recommendation: Always use deploy-object unless you have a specific reason to use the alternative.

Deployment Workflow

Step 1: Test Locally

# Ensure all tests pass
aptos move test

# Verify 100% coverage
aptos move test --coverage
aptos move coverage summary
# Expected output: "coverage: 100.0%"

Step 2: Compile

# Compile contract
aptos move compile --named-addresses my_addr=<your_address>

# Verify compilation succeeds
echo $?
# Expected: 0 (success)

Step 3: Deploy to Devnet (Optional)

Devnet is for quick testing and experimentation. Account is auto-funded on aptos init.

Check if a profile exists before initializing:

# Check if default profile exists (look for "default" in output)
aptos config show-profiles

# If no profile exists, initialize one (auto-funds on devnet)
aptos init --network devnet --assume-yes

# Deploy as object (modern pattern)
aptos move deploy-object \
    --address-name my_addr \
    --profile default \
    --assume-yes

# Save the object address from output for future upgrades
# Output: "Code was successfully deployed to object address 0x..."

# Verify deployment
aptos account list --account <object_address> --profile default

Step 4: Deploy to Testnet (REQUIRED)

Testnet is for final testing before mainnet.

Check if a profile exists before initializing:

# Check if default profile exists
aptos config show-profiles

# If no profile exists, initialize one
aptos init --network testnet --assume-yes

Fund your account via web faucet (required — testnet faucet needs Google login):

1. Get your account address: aptos config show-profiles
2. Go to: https://aptos.dev/network/faucet?address=<your_address>
3. Login and request testnet APT
4. Return here and confirm you've funded the account

# Verify balance
aptos account balance --profile default

# Deploy to testnet as object (modern pattern)
aptos move deploy-object \
    --address-name my_addr \
    --profile default \
    --assume-yes

# IMPORTANT: Save the object address from output
# You'll need it for upgrades and function calls
# Output: "Code was successfully deployed to object address 0x..."

Step 5: Test on Testnet

# Run entry functions to verify deployment
aptos move run \
    --profile default \
    --function-id <deployed_address>::<module>::<function> \
    --args ...

# Test multiple scenarios
# - Happy paths
# - Error cases (should abort with correct error codes)
# - Access control
# - Edge cases

# Verify using explorer
# https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/?network=testnet

Step 6: Deploy to Mainnet (After Testnet Success)

Only deploy to mainnet after thorough testnet testing.

Check if a profile exists before initializing:

# Check if default profile exists
aptos config show-profiles

# If no profile exists, initialize one
# IMPORTANT: Warn user that this generates a private key — store it securely
aptos init --network mainnet --assume-yes

Fund your account: Transfer real APT to your account address from an exchange or wallet.

# Verify balance
aptos account balance --profile default

# Deploy to mainnet as object (modern pattern)
aptos move deploy-object \
    --address-name my_addr \
    --profile default \
    --max-gas 20000  # Optional: set gas limit

# Review prompts carefully before confirming:
# 1. Gas confirmation: Review gas costs
# 2. Object address: Note the object address for future reference

# OR use --assume-yes to auto-confirm (only if you're confident)
aptos move deploy-object \
    --address-name my_addr \
    --profile default \
    --assume-yes

# SAVE THE OBJECT ADDRESS from output
# You'll need it for upgrades and documentation

# Confirm deployment
# Review transaction in explorer:
# https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/?network=mainnet

Step 7: Verify Deployment

# Check module is published
aptos account list --account <deployed_address> --profile default

# Look for your module in the output
# "0x...::my_module": { ... }

# Run view function to verify
aptos move view \
    --profile default \
    --function-id <deployed_address>::<module>::<view_function> \
    --args ...

Step 8: Document Deployment

Create deployment record:

# Deployment Record

**Date:** 2026-01-23 **Network:** Mainnet **Module:** my_module **Address:** 0x123abc... **Transaction:** 0x456def...

## Verification

- [x] Deployed successfully
- [x] Module visible in explorer
- [x] View functions working
- [x] Entry functions tested

## Links

- Explorer: https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/account/0x123abc...?network=mainnet
- Transaction: https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/txn/0x456def...?network=mainnet

## Notes

- All security checks passed
- 100% test coverage verified
- Tested on testnet for 1 week before mainnet

Module Upgrades

Upgrading Existing Object Deployment

Object-deployed modules are upgradeable by default for the deployer.

# Upgrade existing object deployment
aptos move upgrade-object \
    --address-name my_addr \
    --object-address <object_address_from_initial_deploy> \
    --profile mainnet

# Upgrade with auto-confirm
aptos move upgrade-object \
    --address-name my_addr \
    --object-address <object_address> \
    --profile mainnet \
    --assume-yes

# Verify upgrade
aptos account list --account <object_address> --profile mainnet

IMPORTANT: Save the object address from your initial deploy-object output - you need it for upgrades.

Upgrade Compatibility Rules:

• ✅ CAN: Add new functions
• ✅ CAN: Add new structs
• ✅ CAN: Add new fields to structs (with care)
• ❌ CANNOT: Remove existing functions (breaks compatibility)
• ❌ CANNOT: Change function signatures (breaks compatibility)
• ❌ CANNOT: Remove struct fields (breaks existing data)

Making Modules Immutable

To prevent future upgrades:

// In your module
fun init_module(account: &signer) {
    // After deployment, burn upgrade capability
    // (implementation depends on your setup)
}

Cost Estimation

Gas Costs

# Typical deployment costs:
# - Small module: ~500-1000 gas units
# - Medium module: ~1000-5000 gas units
# - Large module: ~5000-20000 gas units

# When you run deploy-object, the CLI shows gas estimate before confirming
# Use --assume-yes only after you've verified costs on testnet first

Mainnet Costs

Gas costs are paid in APT:

• Gas units × Gas price = Total cost
• Example: 5000 gas units × 100 Octas/gas = 500,000 Octas = 0.005 APT

Multi-Module Deployment

Deploying Multiple Modules

Option 1: Single package (Recommended)

project/
├── Move.toml
└── sources/
    ├── module1.move
    ├── module2.move
    └── module3.move

# Deploys all modules at once as a single object
aptos move deploy-object --address-name my_addr --profile testnet

Option 2: Separate packages with dependencies

# Deploy dependency package first
cd dependency-package
aptos move deploy-object --address-name dep_addr --profile testnet
# Note the object address from output

# Update main package Move.toml to reference dependency address
# Then deploy main package
cd ../main-package
aptos move deploy-object --address-name main_addr --profile testnet

Troubleshooting Deployment

"Insufficient APT balance"

Devnet: Auto-funded on aptos init. If needed, run:

aptos account fund-with-faucet --account default --amount 100000000 --profile default

Testnet: Use the web faucet (requires Google login):

1. Get your account address: aptos config show-profiles
2. Go to: https://aptos.dev/network/faucet?address=<your_address>
3. Login and request testnet APT
4. Verify balance: aptos account balance --profile default

Mainnet: Transfer real APT to your account from an exchange or wallet.

"Module already exists" (for object deployments)

# Use upgrade-object with the original object address
aptos move upgrade-object \
    --address-name my_addr \
    --object-address <object_address_from_initial_deploy> \
    --profile testnet

"Compilation failed"

# Fix compilation errors first
aptos move compile
# Fix all errors shown, then retry deployment

"Gas limit exceeded"

# Increase max gas
aptos move deploy-object \
    --address-name my_addr \
    --profile testnet \
    --max-gas 50000

Deployment Checklist

Before Deployment:

• Security audit passed
• 100% test coverage
• All tests passing
• Code compiles successfully
• Named addresses configured
• Target network selected (testnet first!)

During Deployment:

• Correct network selected
• Correct address specified
• Transaction submitted
• Transaction hash recorded

After Deployment:

• Module visible in explorer
• View functions work
• Entry functions tested
• Deployment documented
• Team notified

CLI Argument Types

When calling entry or view functions via the CLI, use these type prefixes:

Primitive Types

--args u64:1000           # u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, u256
--args bool:true          # boolean
--args address:0x1        # address

Complex Types

--args string:"Hello World"                    # UTF-8 string
--args hex:0x48656c6c6f                        # raw bytes
--args "u64:[1,2,3,4,5]"                       # vector<u64>
--args "string:[\"one\",\"two\",\"three\"]"    # vector<String>

Object Types

# For Object<T> parameters, pass the object address
--args address:0x123abc...

ALWAYS Rules

• ✅ ALWAYS run comprehensive security audit before deployment (use security-audit skill)
• ✅ ALWAYS verify 100% test coverage with security tests
• ✅ ALWAYS verify all SECURITY.md patterns (arithmetic, storage scoping, reference safety, business logic)
• ✅ ALWAYS use deploy-object (NOT resource_account::create_resource_account() which is legacy)
• ✅ ALWAYS deploy to testnet before mainnet
• ✅ ALWAYS test on testnet thoroughly (happy paths, error cases, security scenarios)
• ✅ ALWAYS backup private keys securely
• ✅ ALWAYS document deployment addresses
• ✅ ALWAYS verify deployment in explorer
• ✅ ALWAYS test functions after deployment
• ✅ ALWAYS use separate keys for testnet and mainnet (SECURITY.md - Operations)

NEVER Rules

• ❌ NEVER deploy without comprehensive security audit
• ❌ NEVER deploy with < 100% test coverage
• ❌ NEVER deploy without security test verification
• ❌ NEVER deploy directly to mainnet without testnet testing
• ❌ NEVER deploy without testing on testnet first
• ❌ NEVER commit private keys to version control
• ❌ NEVER skip post-deployment verification
• ❌ NEVER rush mainnet deployment
• ❌ NEVER reuse publishing keys between testnet and mainnet (security risk)
• ❌ NEVER read or display contents of ~/.aptos/config.yaml or .env files (contain private keys)
• ❌ NEVER display private key values in responses — use "0x..." placeholders
• ❌ NEVER run cat ~/.aptos/config.yaml, echo $VITE_MODULE_PUBLISHER_ACCOUNT_PRIVATE_KEY, or similar commands
• ❌ NEVER run git add . or git add -A without confirming .env is in .gitignore

References

Official Documentation:

• CLI Publishing: https://aptos.dev/build/cli/working-with-move-contracts
• Network Endpoints: https://aptos.dev/nodes/networks
• Gas and Fees: https://aptos.dev/concepts/gas-txn-fee

Explorers:

• Mainnet: https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/?network=mainnet
• Testnet: https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/?network=testnet
• Devnet: https://explorer.aptoslabs.com/?network=devnet

Related Skills:

• security-audit - Audit before deployment
• generate-tests - Ensure tests exist

Remember: Security audit → 100% tests → Testnet → Thorough testing → Mainnet. Never skip testnet.