Design

UI Design Expert

Expert guidance for evaluating and building exceptional user interfaces, based on Shift Nudge design principles.

When to Use This Skill

Automatic activation when:

• Evaluating UI/UX design
• Building or styling interface components
• Reviewing layouts, typography, or visual hierarchy
• Improving readability or user experience
• Creating design systems or component libraries

Key capabilities:

• Typography analysis and implementation
• Visual hierarchy evaluation
• Component design guidance
• Accessibility compliance
• Design system creation

Core Design Principles

1. Visual Hierarchy First

Before applying any styling rules, define:

• User Goal: What is the user trying to accomplish?
• Intended Action: What's the primary action?
• Information Priority: What's most critical? Second? Third?

2. Systematic Consistency

• Limit complexity through constraints (Rule of Four for font sizes)
• Create reusable, documented patterns
• Ensure similar elements look similar
• Build systems that users can learn

3. Progressive Refinement

• Start simple, refine through iteration
• Test with real content (especially edge cases)
• Balance aesthetics with usability
• Prioritize readability over decoration

Typography Reference Guides

Comprehensive typography guides available in .claude/skills/design/references/:

@.claude/skills/design/references/hierarchy.md

Visual hierarchy and the Rule of Four

• Establishing type scales (max 4 distinct sizes)
• Creating emphasis through weight and visual weight
• Organizing information priority
• Font weight vs visual weight concepts

@.claude/skills/design/references/text-elements.md

Core text styling best practices

• Title weights, line heights, alignment
• Body copy readability (16px default, 45-75 char line length, 125-175% line height)
• Letter-spacing rules (only for ALL CAPS)
• Responsive text considerations

@.claude/skills/design/references/interactive.md

Buttons, links, and interactive elements

• Indicating interactivity (color, weight, decoration, background)
• Button hierarchy (primary, secondary, tertiary, destructive)
• Links vs buttons distinction
• Interactive states (hover, focus, active, disabled)
• Accessibility requirements (underlines in body text, focus states)

@.claude/skills/design/references/callouts.md

Featured content and emphasis

• Blockquotes, pull quotes, testimonials
• Scale and case variations
• Color and background treatments
• Breaking the grid for visual interest

@.claude/skills/design/references/combination.md

Text with icons, images, and other elements

• Negative space and breathing room
• Baseline alignment techniques
• Balance at all levels (component, section, page)
• Common patterns (icon+label, avatar+text, stats)

@.claude/skills/design/references/systems.md

Design system creation

• Defining text style purposes
• Naming conventions (semantic, scale-based, hybrid)
• Token systems (foundational and semantic)
• Documentation and maintenance

Design Analysis Workflow

When evaluating or building UI:

1. Establish Hierarchy

   • Identify primary, secondary, tertiary content
   • Check visual weight matches importance
   • Verify 4 or fewer font sizes (per section)

2. Check Typography

   • Titles: 2-3 weights heavier than body, 100-120% line height
   • Body: 16px+ size, 125-175% line height, 45-75 char line length
   • Interactive: Clear indication via color, weight, decoration, or background
   • Letter-spacing: Only on ALL CAPS (never on lowercase)

3. Verify Interactivity

   • Users can identify clickable elements
   • Primary actions are most prominent
   • Destructive actions use warning colors
   • All states defined (hover, focus, active, disabled)

4. Test Readability

   • Sufficient contrast (WCAG AA minimum)
   • Line lengths constrained (max-width: 65ch)
   • Adequate spacing and padding
   • Works with longer/shorter content

5. Check Consistency

   • Similar elements look similar
   • Reusable patterns documented
   • Spacing system followed
   • Design tokens applied

Common UI Patterns

Form Actions

Primary: Solid background, high contrast (Submit, Save, Continue)
Secondary: Outline or subtle background (Cancel, Back)
Tertiary: Minimal styling (Help, Learn More)

Text Hierarchy

Hero Title: 48-72px, Bold (700), tight line height (110%)
Section Heading: 24-32px, Semibold (600), 120% line height
Body: 16px, Regular (400), 160% line height, max-width 65ch
Metadata: 12-14px, Medium (500), 140% line height

Interactive States

Base: Normal appearance
Hover: Slight brightness/scale change
Focus: 3px outline, 2px offset (accessibility)
Active: Pressed appearance
Disabled: Reduced opacity, no interaction

Design Review Checklist

Use when reviewing existing designs:

Visual Hierarchy:

• Most important info immediately identifiable
• Clear primary/secondary/tertiary differentiation
• Visual weight matches importance
• Negative space used effectively

Typography:

• 4 or fewer distinct font sizes per section
• Titles 2-3 weights heavier than body
• Body text 16px+, readable weight
• Line heights appropriate (titles 100-120%, body 125-175%)
• Line lengths 45-75 characters
• Letter-spacing only on ALL CAPS

Interactivity:

• Clickable elements clearly identified
• Primary action is most prominent
• Links in body text underlined
• All states defined (hover, focus, active, disabled)
• Focus visible for keyboard users
• Destructive actions use warning colors

Consistency:

• Similar elements styled similarly
• Spacing system consistent
• Color usage systematic
• Patterns reusable and documented

Accessibility:

• Contrast meets WCAG AA (4.5:1 text, 3:1 large text)
• Focus states visible
• Interactive elements 44x44px minimum
• Links distinguishable without color alone

Integration with Tech Stack

React Router v7 + TailwindCSS

• Use cn() utility for composing classes
• Apply responsive design via Tailwind breakpoints
• Leverage type-colors for thematic styling
• Document patterns in component libraries

shadcn/ui Components

• Review component variants for hierarchy
• Ensure consistent spacing/sizing
• Verify accessibility compliance
• Extend with custom design tokens

Common Files to Reference

• app/components/ui/* - UI primitives
• app/lib/utils.ts - cn() utility
• app/lib/type-colors.ts - Color system
• app.css - Custom animations, base styles

Output Format

When providing design feedback:

1. Specific references - Use file_path:line_number for code locations
2. Before/After - Show current state vs recommended changes
3. Rationale - Explain why (hierarchy, readability, accessibility)
4. Code examples - Provide Tailwind classes or CSS
5. Checklists - Use for systematic reviews

Reference Documentation

For detailed guidance on specific topics, read:

• Hierarchy & Scale: .claude/skills/design/references/hierarchy.md
• Text Elements: .claude/skills/design/references/text-elements.md
• Interactive Elements: .claude/skills/design/references/interactive.md
• Callouts & Features: .claude/skills/design/references/callouts.md
• Element Combination: .claude/skills/design/references/combination.md
• Design Systems: .claude/skills/design/references/systems.md

Remember: Design is about solving user problems, not decoration. Every choice should serve the user's goals and the interface's purpose.