Frontend UI

Production SaaS: dashboards, pricing pages, data tables, onboarding, role-based UI — with WCAG 2.1 AA accessibility and Core Web Vitals performance baked in.

npx create-next-app@latest my-app --typescript --tailwind --eslint --app --src-dir
cd my-app && npx shadcn@latest init
npx shadcn@latest add button card dialog table form

Tailwind v4 — CSS-First (No tailwind.config.js)

/* app/globals.css */
@import "tailwindcss";
@theme inline {
  --color-background: oklch(1 0 0);
  --color-foreground: oklch(0.145 0 0);
  --color-primary: oklch(0.205 0.042 264.695);
  --color-primary-foreground: oklch(0.985 0 0);
  --radius-lg: 0.5rem;
  --radius-md: calc(var(--radius-lg) - 2px);
  --radius-sm: calc(var(--radius-lg) - 4px);
}

Component Anatomy (shadcn/ui 2026)

import { cva, type VariantProps } from "class-variance-authority"
import { cn } from "@/lib/utils"

const buttonVariants = cva(
  "inline-flex items-center justify-center rounded-md text-sm font-medium transition-colors",
  {
    variants: {
      variant: { default: "bg-primary text-primary-foreground", outline: "border border-input" },
      size: { default: "h-10 px-4 py-2", sm: "h-9 px-3", lg: "h-11 px-8" },
    },
    defaultVariants: { variant: "default", size: "default" },
  }
)

// React 19: ref is a regular prop — no forwardRef
// data-slot: styling hook for parent overrides
function Button({ className, variant, size, ref, ...props }:
  React.ComponentProps<"button"> & VariantProps<typeof buttonVariants>) {
  return <button ref={ref} data-slot="button"
    className={cn(buttonVariants({ variant, size, className }))} {...props} />
}

cn() Utility

import { clsx, type ClassValue } from "clsx"
import { twMerge } from "tailwind-merge"
export function cn(...inputs: ClassValue[]) { return twMerge(clsx(inputs)) }

Vite SPA Alternative

npm create vite@latest my-app -- --template react-ts
cd my-app && npm i -D @tailwindcss/vite && npx shadcn@latest init

Key differences from Next.js:

• @tailwindcss/vite plugin (not postcss) — faster HMR, native Vite integration
• VITE_ env prefix (not NEXT_PUBLIC_), accessed via import.meta.env
• Client-only — no Server Components, use React Query for data fetching
• React.lazy() + <Suspense> replaces dynamic() for code splitting
• Routing via React Router v7 or TanStack Router (not file-based)

Tailwind v4, shadcn/ui, component patterns, accessibility, forms, and performance guidance all apply equally to Vite SPAs. Only routing and data fetching genuinely differ.

See reference/vite-react-setup.md and reference/spa-routing.md.

• No tailwind.config.js — All config via CSS @theme directive
• @import "tailwindcss" — Replaces @tailwind base/components/utilities
• OKLCH colors — Perceptually uniform, replaces hex/HSL
• Container queries built-in — @container, @md:, @lg: prefixes
• @source — CSS-native file scanning (replaces content array)
• 70% smaller CSS — Automatic unused style elimination
• @theme inline — shadcn/ui bridge: tokens without generated utilities

@theme {
  --color-brand-500: oklch(0.55 0.15 250);
  --font-sans: "Inter", system-ui, sans-serif;
  --breakpoint-xs: 475px;
  --animate-slide-in: slide-in 0.2s ease-out;
}

// Container queries — component-level responsive
<div className="@container">
  <div className="grid grid-cols-1 @md:grid-cols-2 @lg:grid-cols-3 gap-4">
    {items.map(item => <Card key={item.id} {...item} />)}
  </div>
</div>

Migration: npx @tailwindcss/upgrade — See reference/tailwind-v4-setup.md.

• @theme inline — Bridges tokens with Tailwind v4
• data-slot — Attribute-based styling hooks (replaces className overrides)
• No forwardRef — React 19 ref as prop
• tw-animate-css — Replaces tailwindcss-animate for v4 compat
• Radix or Base UI — Choose primitive library

// data-slot: parent can target child styles
function Card({ className, ref, ...props }: React.ComponentProps<"div">) {
  return <div ref={ref} data-slot="card" className={cn("rounded-xl border bg-card", className)} {...props} />
}

// Style from parent:
<div className="[&_[data-slot=card]]:shadow-lg">
  <Card>...</Card>
</div>

Dark mode: CSS custom property swap with .dark class. See reference/shadcn-setup.md.

Rule: Push "use client" to smallest leaf possible.

// Server page with client island
export default async function DashboardPage() {
  const metrics = await getMetrics()
  return (
    <main>
      <KPICards data={metrics} />       {/* Server-rendered */}
      <RevenueChart data={metrics} />   {/* Client island */}
    </main>
  )
}

Key Patterns

• Compound components — <Table>/<TableRow>/<TableCell> namespace composition
• cva variants — Type-safe style variants with class-variance-authority
• React.ComponentProps — Replace manual interfaces, ref as regular prop
• data-slot — External styling hooks for parent-child overrides
• Polymorphic (asChild) — Slot pattern for rendering as different elements
• SPA code splitting — React.lazy() + <Suspense> replaces Next.js dynamic()

See reference/component-patterns.md for complete examples.

Dashboard: Sidebar + Header + Main

<div className="flex h-screen">
  <Sidebar className="w-64 hidden lg:flex" />
  <div className="flex-1 flex flex-col">
    <Header />  {/* Search, user menu, notifications */}
    <main className="flex-1 overflow-auto p-6">
      <KPIGrid metrics={metrics} />
      <div className="grid grid-cols-1 lg:grid-cols-2 gap-6 mt-6">
        <RevenueChart data={revenue} />
        <ActivityFeed items={activities} />
      </div>
    </main>
  </div>
</div>

Pricing (3-Tier Conversion)

Anchor (low) | Conversion target (highlighted, "Most Popular") | Enterprise (custom)

Monthly/annual toggle, feature comparison table, social proof. See templates/pricing-page.tsx.

Data Tables — shadcn Table + TanStack Table for sort/filter/paginate

State Trio — Every data component needs: Loading (Skeleton) | Error (retry action) | Empty (guidance)

Role-Based UI — hasPermission(user, "scope") guard for conditional rendering

See reference/saas-dashboard.md and reference/saas-pricing-checkout.md.

Semantic HTML first — <header>, <nav>, <main>, <article>, <section>, <footer>

// Skip link
<a href="#main-content" className="sr-only focus:not-sr-only focus:absolute focus:z-50">
  Skip to main content
</a>

See reference/accessibility-checklist.md for per-component ARIA patterns.

Prefer URL state — shareable, bookmarkable, survives refresh.

1. Shared Zod schema — Single source of truth for client validation and server action
2. React Hook Form — useForm with zodResolver, mode: "onBlur"
3. shadcn Form — <Form>/<FormField>/<FormItem>/<FormLabel>/<FormMessage>
4. Server Action — safeParse on server, return field errors, revalidatePath

const schema = z.object({
  name: z.string().min(2),
  email: z.string().email(),
})

See reference/form-patterns.md and templates/form-with-server-action.tsx.

Tailwind v4 produces 70% smaller CSS automatically. See reference/performance-optimization.md.

Accessibility

• Keyboard navigation for all interactive elements
• Screen reader announces content meaningfully
• Focus indicators visible, skip link present
• Color contrast >= 4.5:1 (text), >= 3:1 (UI)

Performance

• LCP < 2.5s, INP < 200ms, CLS < 0.1
• Images via next/image, fonts via next/font
• Heavy components code-split with dynamic()

Responsive

• Works 320px-2560px, touch targets >= 44px
• Container queries for reusable components

Security

• No raw HTML injection without sanitization
• CSP headers, Zod validation client AND server

UX

• Loading / error / empty states for all data views
• Toast for mutations, confirm for destructive actions