majiayu000 Game Loop Design
Core Loop Template
# Core Loop Specification v[X.X]
**Last Updated:** YYYY-MM-DD
**Owners:** [Designers]
## Loop Overview
[PRE-GAME] → [SESSION] → [POST-GAME] → [LOOP BACK]
## Session Structure
### Pre-Game Phase
**Duration:** [Target time]
**Player Actions:**
1. [Action 1]
2. [Action 2]
3. [Action 3]
**Emotional Beat:** [Feeling player has]
**Objectives:**
- [Goal 1]
- [Goal 2]
---
### Session Start (0:00 - [X:XX])
**State:** Players [enter spawn/start]
**Objectives:** [Initial goals]
**Threats:** [What can hurt players]
**Emotional Beat:** [Feeling]
**Key Events:**
- [X:XX] - [Event 1]
- [Y:YY] - [Event 2]
---
### Early Game ([X:XX] - [Y:YY])
**State:** [Game state description]
**Objectives:** [What players should do]
**Threats:** [What challenges exist]
**Emotional Beat:** [Feeling]
---
### Mid Game ([Y:YY] - [Z:ZZ])
**State:** [Game state description]
**Objectives:** [What players should do]
**Threats:** [What challenges exist]
**Emotional Beat:** [Feeling]
---
### Late Game ([Z:ZZ] - [End])
**State:** [Game state description]
**Objectives:** [Final objectives]
**Threats:** [Maximum challenges]
**Emotional Beat:** [Feeling]
---
### End Game
**Victory Conditions:**
- [Condition 1]
- [Condition 2]
**Defeat Conditions:**
- [Condition 1]
- [Condition 2]
**Rewards:**
- [What players earn]
- [Progression updates]
---
## Post-Game Phase
**Duration:** [Target time]
**Player Actions:**
1. [Action 1]
2. [Action 2]
**Emotional Beat:** [Feeling]
**Session Loop:** [What brings players back]
Loop Design Principles
Engagement
Keep players engaged by:
- Immediate action - Something to do right away
- Clear goals - Know what to do next
- Meaningful choices - Decisions that matter
- Feedback - See results of actions
Pacing
Create tension through:
- Buildup - Escalate towards climax
- Variation - Mix fast/slow moments
- Surprises - Unexpected events
- Release - Tension breaks
Progression
Enable growth through:
- Learning - Skills improve over time
- Unlocking - New content available
- Building - Accumulate resources
- Advancing - Move through content
Session Flow Diagrams
Text-Based Flow
┌─────────┐
│ LOBBY │
└────┬────┘
│
▼
┌─────────┐
│ MATCH │◄──────────────────────┐
└────┬────┘ │
│ │
├──────────┬─────────┐ │
│ │ │ │
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
┌────────┐ ┌───────┐ ┌──────┐ ┌──────┐
│EXPLORE│ │FIGHT │ │LOOT │ │OBJ │
└────────┘ └───────┘ └──────┘ └──────┘
│ │ │ │
└──────────┴─────────┴──────┘
│
▼
┌─────────┐
│EXTRACT │
└─────────┘
│
▼
┌─────────┐
│ SUMMARY │
└────┬────┘
│
▼
┌─────────┐
│ LOBBY │
└─────────┘
Common Loop Patterns
Round-Based
Discrete turns with planning phases:
- Plan phase
- Execution phase
- Resolution phase
- Reward phase
Real-Time
Continuous action with moments:
- Constant engagement
- Peaks and valleys
- No pausing
- Immediate feedback
Session-Based
Complete matches with:
- Preparation phase
- Main gameplay
- Conclusion phase
- Summary/rewards
Loop Review Checklist
Before finalizing the core loop:
- Minute-by-minute flow documented
- Session phases defined
- Emotional beats mapped
- Pacing is appropriate
- Engagement maintained
- Goals are clear
- Feedback is immediate
- Win/lose conditions defined
- Progression tied to loop
- Technical feasibility confirmed
Multiplayer State Synchronization (NEW - 2026-01-28)
Design considerations for server-authoritative multiplayer games.
State Authority Model
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ SERVER AUTHORITATIVE │
│ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │
│ │ Game State │◄───│ Physics │◄───│ Player │ │
│ │ (Truth) │ │ Simulation │ │ Inputs │ │
│ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ └─────────────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
│ │
│ State sync (20Hz) │ Input (client)
▼ ▼
┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────────┐
│ CLIENT STATE │ │ PREDICTED STATE │
│ (Display only) │ │ (Immediate feedback)│
└─────────────────┘ └─────────────────────┘
State Design Principles
Server State (Authoritative):
- Player positions (x, y, z, rotation)
- Health, armor, weapon state
- Match state (lobby, playing, ended)
- Projectile positions and velocities
Client State (Predicted):
- Local player position (client-side prediction)
- Visual effects (immediate feedback)
- UI state (local only)
Shared State (Synced):
- Match scores
- Leaderboard
- Player alive/dead status
State Update Categories
| Category | Update Rate | Authority | Rollback |
|---|---|---|---|
| Player Input | Client → Server (immediate) | Client | No |
| Player Position | Server → Client (20Hz) | Server | Yes |
| Health/Armor | Server → Client (on change) | Server | Yes |
| Visual Effects | Client only | Client | No |
| Match State | Server → Client (on change) | Server | No |
Prediction vs Reconciliation
Client sends input → Client predicts result → Display immediately
↓
Server processes input → Sends correction
↓
Client reconciles (smooth correction)
Design Checklist for Multiplayer Features
Before adding gameplay features:
- Is this feature server-authoritative or client-authoritative?
- What happens if state sync is delayed (100ms+ latency)?
- Can this feature exploit prediction/reconciliation?
- What visual feedback is needed during network delays?
- Does this feature need rollback support?
State Management for Multiplayer
Store Structure:
src/store/
├── connectionStore.ts - Server connection status
├── playerStore.ts - Local player state (predicted)
├── matchStore.ts - Match/server state (authoritative)
└── uiStore.ts - UI state (local only)
Integration Points:
connectionStore.sessionId- Unique player identifierplayerStore.position- Predicted local positionmatchStore.players- Server-authoritative player listmatchStore.leaderboard- Synced match state
Sources:
- https://docs.colyseus.io/state
- https://docs.colyseus.io/state/best-practices
- Learned from arch-002 retrospective (2026-01-28)