K8S

k8s

Use this skill for Kubernetes 运维与发布相关工作。

Defaults / assumptions to confirm

• Cluster type: managed (EKS/GKE/ACK) vs self-hosted
• Packaging: raw YAML vs Helm vs Kustomize
• Ingress: NGINX/ALB/APISIX/Istio
• Observability stack: Prometheus/Grafana, Loki/ELK, tracing

Workflow

1. Understand service requirements

• Ports, protocols, health checks, resources (CPU/mem), storage needs.
• SLOs: latency, availability, RPO/RTO.
• Dependencies: DB, cache, MQ, external APIs.

2. Deployment design

• Use Deployment for stateless; StatefulSet for stable identities/storage.
• Define readinessProbe and livenessProbe (and startupProbe if needed).
• Set resources.requests/limits and choose appropriate QoS.
• Use PodDisruptionBudget for availability during maintenance.

3. Config & secrets

• Config: ConfigMap (non-sensitive), mounted or env.
• Secrets: Secret (sensitive) + external secret manager if available.
• Never commit plaintext secrets; prefer sealed/external secrets.

4. Networking

• Service types and DNS.
• Ingress/Gateway routing, TLS termination, timeouts.
• NetworkPolicy if cluster enforces it.

5. Scaling & resilience

• HPA based on CPU/memory/custom metrics.
• Graceful shutdown (preStop, terminationGracePeriodSeconds).
• Retry/backoff at client; avoid retry storms.

6. Observability

• Standard logs with correlation IDs.
• Metrics: RPS, p95 latency, error rate, saturation.
• Alerts and dashboards; runbook links.

7. Release operations

• Rolling updates, canary/blue-green if needed.
• kubectl rollout status + rollback plan.
• Post-deploy verification checks and smoke tests.

8. Troubleshooting checklist

• kubectl get/describe pods, events, and logs.
• Check probes, image pull, env/config, DNS, network, and resource throttling.
• For performance: node pressure, HPA behavior, GC/heap, connection pool limits.

Output expectations when making changes

• Provide manifests (or Helm values/templates) + brief deployment notes.
• Include resource sizing rationale and probe settings.
• Include rollback instructions and verification steps.