Log Analysis

log-analysis Skill

This skill helps agents and engineers interpret logging data to find root causes of issues.

1. Structured Logging (The Prerequisite)

• Format: JSON. Always.
• Why: Allows querying level="ERROR" AND service="user-api". Text logs require fragile regex.
• Context: Every log must have trace_id, user_id, and environment.

2. Analysis Workflow

1. Scope the Timeframe: "Last 15 minutes" or "Since deployment at 14:00".
2. Filter by Level: Start with ERROR and FATAL. Ignore INFO initially.
3. Group by Message:
   • Bad: Reading 1000 lines of Connection timeout.
   • Good: "Count of errors by message type: Timeout (800), Auth Fail (200)".
4. Trace Correlation: take one trace_id from an error and filter ALL logs (inc INFO) for that ID to see the sequence of events leading to failure.

3. Query Cheatsheet

Loki (LogQL)

{app="frontend"} |= "error" | json | latency > 500ms

Elasticsearch / Kibana (Lucene)

service:backend AND level:ERROR AND NOT message:"healthcheck"

Splunk

index=prod sourcetype=k8s | stats count by message | sort - count

Command Line (jq)

cat logs.json | jq 'select(.level=="error") | .message' | sort | uniq -c

4. Red Flags ("Smells")

• "Swallowed Exception": Logs that say "Error occurred" but print no stack trace.
• "Noise": Periodic errors (e.g., every 5 mins) that everyone ignores. These mask real issues.
• "Sensitive Data": Passwords or PII in logs. -> CRITICAL: Report immediately.