Mern Std

Purpose

Ensure consistent, maintainable code. Complements stack, security, and NFR skills.

Monorepo structure

apps/web/                    # Next.js app
  src/
    app/                     # Next.js app router (pages, layouts, API routes)
      api/**/route.ts        # API route handlers
      page.tsx               # Pages
      layout.tsx             # Layouts
    components/              # React components
    lib/                     # Utilities
    server/                  # Server-only utilities
      db/models/             # Mongoose models
packages/shared/             # Zod schemas, types, utilities

Important: All app router files MUST be in apps/web/src/app/, never in apps/web/app/. Next.js with --src-dir expects the app directory inside src/.

• apps/web depends on packages/shared via workspace:*
• Feature-specific components live under the feature folder

Key conventions

Environment

• Never access process.env directly in app code; use the env module

Schemas and types

• Define request/response schemas in packages/shared
• Infer types from zod: z.infer<typeof Schema> — don't duplicate interfaces
• Reuse schemas across client and server

API route handlers

• Validate input with zod at boundary
• Consistent JSON envelope for responses
• Safe error mapping (no stack traces to clients)
• Pagination for list endpoints (cursor or offset)
• Rate limiting on auth/expensive endpoints

Next.js segment configuration

Segment config exports (revalidate, dynamic, runtime, etc.) must be literal values, not imported constants:

// CORRECT - literal number
export const revalidate = 3600;

// WRONG - imported constant (fails in Next.js 16+)
import { REVALIDATE_SECONDS } from '@/config';
export const revalidate = REVALIDATE_SECONDS;

This is a Next.js static analysis requirement.

Mongoose

• Explicit schemas with timestamps: true
• Indexes defined with comments explaining why
• Sanitize user input (reject $ and . keys) before queries

Naming

• Folders: kebab-case
• React components: PascalCase.tsx
• Utilities: camelCase.ts
• Named exports for utilities; default exports allowed for React components

Testing requirements

TDD is mandatory — see /shared-tdd for the red-green-refactor workflow and evidence requirements.

Test command: pnpm test

What to test

• Unit tests for: validation helpers, sanitization helpers, non-trivial business logic
• Component tests for: user interactions, conditional rendering
• API tests for: request validation, response format, error cases
• Playwright for critical user journeys only

Test file conventions

Output

For significant code changes, briefly note:

• Any deviation from these standards and why

Reference

For detailed patterns and examples, see reference/mern-std-reference.md