NDA Review Playbook (Commercial, Jurisdiction-Agnostic)
Version 1.0 — December 2025
This skill is a structured review playbook. It is not legal advice. When the NDA is high-risk, high-value, cross-border, or otherwise sensitive, escalate to qualified counsel.
1) Overview
| What this skill does |
What it does not do |
| Reviews an NDA and outputs issues, risks, and suggested redlines |
Provide jurisdiction-specific legal conclusions |
| Supports Recipient or Discloser perspectives (user-chosen) |
Guarantee enforceability |
| Produces an executive summary + clause-by-clause markup guidance |
Replace counsel for complex deals |
Scope limitation (important): this playbook supports one-way (unilateral) commercial NDAs only.
If the NDA is mutual, stop: this playbook is out of scope and you should escalate to counsel or use a separate mutual-NDA review approach.
Variation callouts appear throughout:
- M&A / Due diligence
- Employment / contractor
- Investor / VC
2) Inputs to collect (ask before reviewing)
A. Role and deal context (required)
B. Practical constraints (recommended)
Jurisdiction-agnostic note: avoid asserting “this clause is invalid” without the governing law details; focus on commercial risk, operational feasibility, and market norms.
3) Deliverables (output format)
Quick start (default output template)
ALWAYS output:
- Executive summary
- Clause-by-clause issue log (single table)
A. Executive summary (1 page)
B. Clause-by-clause issue log (lawyer-style, thorough)
Use a single table so counsel and business owners can track issues, owners, and deadlines.
| Clause |
Issue (1 line) |
Risk (H/M/L) |
Preferred redline |
Fallback |
Rationale (1–2 sentences) |
Owner |
Deadline |
| Definition |
Overbroad; includes unmarked info with no reasonableness |
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| Term & survival |
Perpetual confidentiality for all information |
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| Use restriction |
Purpose too broad; blocks internal evaluation |
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| Disclosures |
Representatives undefined; strict liability |
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| Return/destruction |
No backup carve-out |
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| Remedies |
One-way fees + automatic injunction |
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| Liability |
Indemnity + unlimited consequential damages |
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| Boilerplate |
Assignment prohibits change of control |
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Example (compact)
Executive summary (example skeleton):
- Role: Recipient (one-way NDA)
- Recommendation: Sign with changes
- Top 5 points: definition scope; term/survival; representatives; backup carve-out; remedies/fees
Issue log (example rows):
| Clause |
Issue (1 line) |
Risk (H/M/L) |
Preferred redline |
Fallback |
Rationale (1–2 sentences) |
Owner |
Deadline |
| Term & survival |
Perpetual confidentiality for all information |
H |
Add 2–5 year survival; trade secret carve-out only |
5-year survival for all |
Reduces indefinite operational burden while protecting truly sensitive info |
Legal |
Before signature |
| Return/destruction |
No backup carve-out |
M |
Add backup/legal hold exception + continued confidentiality |
Allow retention in immutable backups only |
Required for standard IT operations; avoids impossible compliance |
Security + Legal |
Before signature |
4) 5-step workflow
Step 1 — Identify stance (Recipient vs Discloser)
Quick heuristic:
- If we are being asked to keep their info secret → we are Recipient.
- If we are sharing our sensitive info → we are Discloser (if the NDA is mutual, stop: out of scope).
Step 2 — Triage the NDA (fast risk scan)
Flag these immediately:
If any are present and the NDA matters, proceed with full review and consider escalation.
Step 3 — Clause-by-clause review (use the reference modules)
Use these references while reviewing:
- Key clauses
- Party obligations
- Duration & scope
- Remedies & liability
- Standard exceptions
Step 4 — Draft redlines and negotiation positions
For each issue, produce:
- Preferred redline (best risk outcome)
- Fallback position (acceptable compromise)
- Rationale (1–2 sentences: business + operational feasibility)
- Owner (who needs to approve / negotiate: Legal, Sales, Security, Product)
- Deadline (by when the counterparty needs the change)
Negotiation discipline: do not propose 20 changes. Focus on the 5–10 that materially change risk.
Step 5 — Finalize the package
5) Perspective-specific checklists
A. Recipient checklist (incoming NDA — typical case)
| Topic |
Red flags |
Typical ask |
| Definition of Confidential Information |
Overbroad; includes independently developed info; no marking/identification standard |
Add reasonableness + identification standard; add exclusions |
| Purpose / Permitted Use |
Any use restriction beyond evaluation; bans on internal sharing |
Tie to stated purpose; allow internal need-to-know |
| Representatives |
We are liable for any representative breach without control |
Limit to those under written confidentiality; commercially reasonable care |
| Term & survival |
Perpetual for everything; unclear start date |
Fixed term; longer only for trade secrets |
| Return / destruction |
Requires deletion of backups immediately |
Add practical backup carve-out |
| Remedies |
One-way fees + broad injunction language |
Mutuality or reasonableness; clarify equitable relief scope |
| Liability / indemnity |
Indemnity; unlimited damages; consequential damages |
Cap or exclude categories; remove indemnity |
| Residuals |
Allows use of “retained in memory” |
Delete or narrow heavily |
M&A / Due diligence: ensure diligence sharing (advisors, financing, affiliates) is permitted and that data room exports/notes are covered.
B. Discloser checklist (when we are sharing sensitive info)
| Topic |
Red flags |
Typical ask |
| Definition |
Too narrow; requires marking only; excludes oral disclosures |
Add oral confirmation mechanism; broaden categories reasonably |
| Security standard |
Only “reasonable” with no baseline |
Add minimum safeguards, or align with internal policy |
| Exclusions |
Too broad (e.g., “independently developed” with no proof) |
Require written evidence of prior knowledge/independent development |
| Term & survival |
Too short |
Extend for sensitive categories; trade secret survival |
| Remedies |
No equitable relief, no fees |
Add equitable relief and/or fees (carefully) |
Investor / VC: watch for standstill, solicitation, and “no contact” provisions—these are not standard in plain NDAs and may need separate agreement.
6) Risk rating guide
| Rating |
Meaning |
Example |
| High |
Creates material, uncapped, or operationally impossible risk |
Broad indemnity + unlimited damages for any breach |
| Medium |
Risk is real but manageable with process controls |
Strict notice deadlines for compelled disclosure |
| Low |
Mostly cosmetic or market-standard |
Minor notice method issues |
7) Common pitfalls (issue → risk → fix)
| Issue |
Risk |
Suggested fix |
| “All information is confidential forever” |
Operational burden; unfair risk allocation |
Add fixed term + trade secret carve-out |
| No compelled disclosure carve-out |
Breach if subpoenaed |
Add “required by law” disclosure path |
| Return/destruction requires purge of backups |
Impossible to comply |
Add backup and system integrity exception |
| Recipient indemnifies discloser |
Open-ended exposure |
Remove indemnity; use direct damages only |
| Residuals clause |
Allows de facto use of confidential info |
Delete or restrict to non-trade-secret, non-source-code |
8) Review prompts (copy/paste)
A. Minimal prompt (fast)
- Role: Recipient/Discloser
- NDA type: one-way (unilateral)
- Purpose: …
- Please produce (1) exec summary, (2) clause-by-clause issue log table with: Clause, Issue, Risk, Preferred redline, Fallback, Rationale, Owner, Deadline, (3) top 5 negotiation points.
B. Deep prompt (recommended)
- Add constraints: affiliates, advisors, contractors, cross-border sharing, personal data, cloud tools.
- Ask for: preferred redline + fallback + rationale per issue.
9) Ownership & timing defaults (if the user does not specify)
Use these defaults to populate Owner and Deadline in the issue log:
| Topic |
Default owner |
Default deadline |
| Confidentiality scope/definition, exceptions, term/survival |
Legal |
Before signature |
| Security standards / audit rights |
Security + Legal |
Before signature |
| Return/destruction and backups |
Security + IT + Legal |
Before signature |
| Liability cap / damages / indemnity / fees |
Legal + Finance |
Before signature |
| Operational constraints (representatives, affiliates, tooling) |
Legal + Business owner |
Before signature |
1---2name: nda-review-33description: Reviews incoming one-way (unilateral) commercial NDAs in a jurisdiction-agnostic way, from either a Recipient or Discloser perspective (user-selected), producing a clause-by-clause issue log with preferred redlines, fallbacks, rationales, owners, and deadlines.4---56# NDA Review Playbook (Commercial, Jurisdiction-Agnostic)78Version 1.0 — December 2025910> This skill is a structured review playbook. It is not legal advice. When the NDA is high-risk, high-value, cross-border, or otherwise sensitive, escalate to qualified counsel.1112---1314## 1) Overview1516| What this skill does | What it does not do |17|---|---|18| Reviews an NDA and outputs issues, risks, and suggested redlines | Provide jurisdiction-specific legal conclusions |19| Supports *Recipient* or *Discloser* perspectives (user-chosen) | Guarantee enforceability |20| Produces an executive summary + clause-by-clause markup guidance | Replace counsel for complex deals |2122**Scope limitation (important):** this playbook supports **one-way (unilateral) commercial NDAs only**.2324If the NDA is **mutual**, stop: this playbook is **out of scope** and you should escalate to counsel or use a separate mutual-NDA review approach.2526> **Variation callouts** appear throughout:27> - **M&A / Due diligence**28> - **Employment / contractor**29> - **Investor / VC**3031---3233## 2) Inputs to collect (ask before reviewing)3435### A. Role and deal context (required)36- [ ] Are we reviewing as **Recipient** (we receive confidential info) or **Discloser** (we disclose confidential info)?37- [ ] Confirm the NDA is **one-way (unilateral)**. If it is **mutual**, stop: this playbook cannot be used.38- [ ] What is the **purpose** / permitted use (e.g., evaluation of partnership, vendor RFP, diligence)?39- [ ] What are the **parties** (legal names) and any **affiliates** that should be covered?40- [ ] What information types are expected (tech, pricing, customer data, product roadmap, source code)?41- [ ] Desired **timeline**: when do we need to sign?4243### B. Practical constraints (recommended)44- [ ] Do we need to share with **affiliates**, advisors, contractors, auditors, or potential acquirers?45- [ ] Will we need to **export** data across borders or store in cloud tools?46- [ ] Will any **personal data** be shared? If yes, are there separate data-processing terms?4748> **Jurisdiction-agnostic note:** avoid asserting “this clause is invalid” without the governing law details; focus on *commercial risk*, *operational feasibility*, and *market norms*.4950---5152## 3) Deliverables (output format)5354### Quick start (default output template)5556ALWAYS output:571) **Executive summary**582) **Clause-by-clause issue log** (single table)5960### A. Executive summary (1 page)61- [ ] Party role (Recipient or Discloser) and confirmation it is one-way (unilateral)62- [ ] Top 5 negotiation points (ranked)63- [ ] “Sign as-is” / “Sign with changes” / “Escalate” recommendation6465### B. Clause-by-clause issue log (lawyer-style, thorough)66Use a single table so counsel and business owners can track issues, owners, and deadlines.6768| Clause | Issue (1 line) | Risk (H/M/L) | Preferred redline | Fallback | Rationale (1–2 sentences) | Owner | Deadline |69|---|---|---:|---|---|---|---|---|70| Definition | Overbroad; includes unmarked info with no reasonableness | | | | | | |71| Term & survival | Perpetual confidentiality for all information | | | | | | |72| Use restriction | Purpose too broad; blocks internal evaluation | | | | | | |73| Disclosures | Representatives undefined; strict liability | | | | | | |74| Return/destruction | No backup carve-out | | | | | | |75| Remedies | One-way fees + automatic injunction | | | | | | |76| Liability | Indemnity + unlimited consequential damages | | | | | | |77| Boilerplate | Assignment prohibits change of control | | | | | | |7879### Example (compact)8081**Executive summary (example skeleton):**82- Role: Recipient (one-way NDA)83- Recommendation: Sign with changes84- Top 5 points: definition scope; term/survival; representatives; backup carve-out; remedies/fees8586**Issue log (example rows):**8788| Clause | Issue (1 line) | Risk (H/M/L) | Preferred redline | Fallback | Rationale (1–2 sentences) | Owner | Deadline |89|---|---|---:|---|---|---|---|---|90| Term & survival | Perpetual confidentiality for all information | H | Add 2–5 year survival; trade secret carve-out only | 5-year survival for all | Reduces indefinite operational burden while protecting truly sensitive info | Legal | Before signature |91| Return/destruction | No backup carve-out | M | Add backup/legal hold exception + continued confidentiality | Allow retention in immutable backups only | Required for standard IT operations; avoids impossible compliance | Security + Legal | Before signature |9293---9495## 4) 5-step workflow9697### Step 1 — Identify stance (Recipient vs Discloser)98- [ ] Confirm which side we are on for *this specific NDA* (titles are often misleading).99- [ ] Confirm the NDA is **one-way (unilateral)**. If it is mutual, stop (out of scope).100101**Quick heuristic:**102- If we are being asked to keep their info secret → we are **Recipient**.103- If we are sharing our sensitive info → we are **Discloser** (if the NDA is mutual, stop: out of scope).104105### Step 2 — Triage the NDA (fast risk scan)106Flag these immediately:107- [ ] **Perpetual** confidentiality for *all* information (no trade secret distinction)108- [ ] **Residuals clause** allowing use of “memory” or generalized knowledge109- [ ] **Injunctive relief** + **attorneys’ fees** one-way against Recipient110- [ ] **Indemnity** for breach or broad third-party claims111- [ ] **No carve-outs** for compelled disclosure or prior knowledge112- [ ] **Overbroad definition**: “all information, whether marked or not” with no reasonableness113- [ ] **Affiliate coverage** missing when we must share internally114115> If any are present and the NDA matters, proceed with full review and consider escalation.116117### Step 3 — Clause-by-clause review (use the reference modules)118Use these references while reviewing:119- [Key clauses](references/KEY_CLAUSES.md)120- [Party obligations](references/PARTY_OBLIGATIONS.md)121- [Duration & scope](references/DURATION_SCOPE.md)122- [Remedies & liability](references/REMEDIES_LIABILITY.md)123- [Standard exceptions](references/STANDARD_EXCEPTIONS.md)124125### Step 4 — Draft redlines and negotiation positions126For each issue, produce:127- **Preferred redline** (best risk outcome)128- **Fallback position** (acceptable compromise)129- **Rationale** (1–2 sentences: business + operational feasibility)130- **Owner** (who needs to approve / negotiate: Legal, Sales, Security, Product)131- **Deadline** (by when the counterparty needs the change)132133**Negotiation discipline:** do not propose 20 changes. Focus on the 5–10 that materially change risk.134135### Step 5 — Finalize the package136- [ ] Ensure consistency (definitions used the same way everywhere)137- [ ] Confirm operational feasibility (can we actually comply?)138- [ ] Re-scan the Step 2 triage list and ensure each flagged item is represented in the issue log139- [ ] Provide a short “what we changed and why” summary140141---142143## 5) Perspective-specific checklists144145### A. Recipient checklist (incoming NDA — typical case)146147| Topic | Red flags | Typical ask |148|---|---|---|149| Definition of Confidential Information | Overbroad; includes independently developed info; no marking/identification standard | Add reasonableness + identification standard; add exclusions |150| Purpose / Permitted Use | Any use restriction beyond evaluation; bans on internal sharing | Tie to stated purpose; allow internal need-to-know |151| Representatives | We are liable for any representative breach without control | Limit to those under written confidentiality; commercially reasonable care |152| Term & survival | Perpetual for everything; unclear start date | Fixed term; longer only for trade secrets |153| Return / destruction | Requires deletion of backups immediately | Add practical backup carve-out |154| Remedies | One-way fees + broad injunction language | Mutuality or reasonableness; clarify equitable relief scope |155| Liability / indemnity | Indemnity; unlimited damages; consequential damages | Cap or exclude categories; remove indemnity |156| Residuals | Allows use of “retained in memory” | Delete or narrow heavily |157158> **M&A / Due diligence:** ensure diligence sharing (advisors, financing, affiliates) is permitted and that data room exports/notes are covered.159160### B. Discloser checklist (when we are sharing sensitive info)161162| Topic | Red flags | Typical ask |163|---|---|---|164| Definition | Too narrow; requires marking only; excludes oral disclosures | Add oral confirmation mechanism; broaden categories reasonably |165| Security standard | Only “reasonable” with no baseline | Add minimum safeguards, or align with internal policy |166| Exclusions | Too broad (e.g., “independently developed” with no proof) | Require written evidence of prior knowledge/independent development |167| Term & survival | Too short | Extend for sensitive categories; trade secret survival |168| Remedies | No equitable relief, no fees | Add equitable relief and/or fees (carefully) |169170> **Investor / VC:** watch for standstill, solicitation, and “no contact” provisions—these are not standard in plain NDAs and may need separate agreement.171172---173174## 6) Risk rating guide175176| Rating | Meaning | Example |177|---:|---|---|178| High | Creates material, uncapped, or operationally impossible risk | Broad indemnity + unlimited damages for any breach |179| Medium | Risk is real but manageable with process controls | Strict notice deadlines for compelled disclosure |180| Low | Mostly cosmetic or market-standard | Minor notice method issues |181182---183184## 7) Common pitfalls (issue → risk → fix)185186| Issue | Risk | Suggested fix |187|---|---|---|188| “All information is confidential forever” | Operational burden; unfair risk allocation | Add fixed term + trade secret carve-out |189| No compelled disclosure carve-out | Breach if subpoenaed | Add “required by law” disclosure path |190| Return/destruction requires purge of backups | Impossible to comply | Add backup and system integrity exception |191| Recipient indemnifies discloser | Open-ended exposure | Remove indemnity; use direct damages only |192| Residuals clause | Allows de facto use of confidential info | Delete or restrict to non-trade-secret, non-source-code |193194---195196## 8) Review prompts (copy/paste)197198### A. Minimal prompt (fast)199- Role: Recipient/Discloser200- NDA type: one-way (unilateral)201- Purpose: …202- Please produce (1) exec summary, (2) clause-by-clause issue log table with: Clause, Issue, Risk, Preferred redline, Fallback, Rationale, Owner, Deadline, (3) top 5 negotiation points.203204### B. Deep prompt (recommended)205- Add constraints: affiliates, advisors, contractors, cross-border sharing, personal data, cloud tools.206- Ask for: preferred redline + fallback + rationale per issue.207208---209210## 9) Ownership & timing defaults (if the user does not specify)211212Use these defaults to populate **Owner** and **Deadline** in the issue log:213214| Topic | Default owner | Default deadline |215|---|---|---|216| Confidentiality scope/definition, exceptions, term/survival | Legal | Before signature |217| Security standards / audit rights | Security + Legal | Before signature |218| Return/destruction and backups | Security + IT + Legal | Before signature |219| Liability cap / damages / indemnity / fees | Legal + Finance | Before signature |220| Operational constraints (representatives, affiliates, tooling) | Legal + Business owner | Before signature |