NDA Review Playbook (Commercial, Jurisdiction-Agnostic)
Overview
| What this skill does |
What it does not do |
| Reviews an NDA and outputs issues, risks, and suggested redlines |
Provide jurisdiction-specific legal conclusions |
| Supports Recipient or Discloser perspectives (user-chosen) |
Guarantee enforceability |
| Produces an executive summary + clause-by-clause markup guidance |
Replace counsel for complex deals |
Scope limitation (important): this playbook supports one-way (unilateral) commercial NDAs only.
If the NDA is mutual, stop: this playbook is out of scope and you should escalate to counsel or use a separate mutual-NDA review approach.
Variation callouts appear throughout:
- M&A / Due diligence
- Employment / contractor
- Investor / VC
LEGAL DISCLAIMER
THIS IS NOT LEGAL ADVICE. This skill is provided for informational and educational purposes only. Laws vary by jurisdiction and individual circumstances, and only a licensed attorney can provide advice tailored to your specific situation. When the NDA is high-risk, high-value, cross-border, or otherwise sensitive, escalate to qualified counsel.
Remember: All outputs from this skill must be reviewed by a qualified legal professional before being used for any legal purposes.
Inputs to collect (ask before reviewing)
A. Role and deal context (required)
B. Practical constraints (recommended)
Jurisdiction-agnostic note: avoid asserting “this clause is invalid” without the governing law details; focus on commercial risk, operational feasibility, and market norms.
Deliverables (output format)
Quick start (default output template)
ALWAYS output:
- Executive summary
- Clause-by-clause issue log (single table)
A. Executive summary (1 page)
B. Clause-by-clause issue log (lawyer-style, thorough)
Use a single table so counsel and business owners can track issues, owners, and deadlines.
| Clause |
Issue (1 line) |
Risk (H/M/L) |
Preferred redline |
Fallback |
Rationale (1–2 sentences) |
Owner |
Deadline |
| Definition |
Overbroad; includes unmarked info with no reasonableness |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Term & survival |
Perpetual confidentiality for all information |
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| Use restriction |
Purpose too broad; blocks internal evaluation |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Disclosures |
Representatives undefined; strict liability |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Return/destruction |
No backup carve-out |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Remedies |
One-way fees + automatic injunction |
|
|
|
|
|
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| Liability |
Indemnity + unlimited consequential damages |
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| Boilerplate |
Assignment prohibits change of control |
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Example (compact)
Executive summary (example skeleton):
- Role: Recipient (one-way NDA)
- Recommendation: Sign with changes
- Top 5 points: definition scope; term/survival; representatives; backup carve-out; remedies/fees
Issue log (example rows):
| Clause |
Issue (1 line) |
Risk (H/M/L) |
Preferred redline |
Fallback |
Rationale (1–2 sentences) |
Owner |
Deadline |
| Term & survival |
Perpetual confidentiality for all information |
H |
Add 2–5 year survival; trade secret carve-out only |
5-year survival for all |
Reduces indefinite operational burden while protecting truly sensitive info |
Legal |
Before signature |
| Return/destruction |
No backup carve-out |
M |
Add backup/legal hold exception + continued confidentiality |
Allow retention in immutable backups only |
Required for standard IT operations; avoids impossible compliance |
Security + Legal |
Before signature |
5-step workflow
Step 1 — Identify stance (Recipient vs Discloser)
Quick heuristic:
- If we are being asked to keep their info secret → we are Recipient.
- If we are sharing our sensitive info → we are Discloser (if the NDA is mutual, stop: out of scope).
Step 2 — Triage the NDA (fast risk scan)
Flag these immediately:
If any are present and the NDA matters, proceed with full review and consider escalation.
Step 3 — Clause-by-clause review (use the reference modules)
Use these references while reviewing:
- Key clauses
- Party obligations
- Duration & scope
- Remedies & liability
- Standard exceptions
Step 4 — Draft redlines and negotiation positions
For each issue, produce:
- Preferred redline (best risk outcome)
- Fallback position (acceptable compromise)
- Rationale (1–2 sentences: business + operational feasibility)
- Owner (who needs to approve / negotiate: Legal, Sales, Security, Product)
- Deadline (by when the counterparty needs the change)
Negotiation discipline: do not propose 20 changes. Focus on the 5–10 that materially change risk.
Step 5 — Finalize the package
Perspective-specific checklists
A. Recipient checklist (incoming NDA — typical case)
| Topic |
Red flags |
Typical ask |
| Definition of Confidential Information |
Overbroad; includes independently developed info; no marking/identification standard |
Add reasonableness + identification standard; add exclusions |
| Purpose / Permitted Use |
Any use restriction beyond evaluation; bans on internal sharing |
Tie to stated purpose; allow internal need-to-know |
| Representatives |
We are liable for any representative breach without control |
Limit to those under written confidentiality; commercially reasonable care |
| Term & survival |
Perpetual for everything; unclear start date |
Fixed term; longer only for trade secrets |
| Return / destruction |
Requires deletion of backups immediately |
Add practical backup carve-out |
| Remedies |
One-way fees + broad injunction language |
Mutuality or reasonableness; clarify equitable relief scope |
| Liability / indemnity |
Indemnity; unlimited damages; consequential damages |
Cap or exclude categories; remove indemnity |
| Residuals |
Allows use of “retained in memory” |
Delete or narrow heavily |
M&A / Due diligence: ensure diligence sharing (advisors, financing, affiliates) is permitted and that data room exports/notes are covered.
B. Discloser checklist (when we are sharing sensitive info)
| Topic |
Red flags |
Typical ask |
| Definition |
Too narrow; requires marking only; excludes oral disclosures |
Add oral confirmation mechanism; broaden categories reasonably |
| Security standard |
Only “reasonable” with no baseline |
Add minimum safeguards, or align with internal policy |
| Exclusions |
Too broad (e.g., “independently developed” with no proof) |
Require written evidence of prior knowledge/independent development |
| Term & survival |
Too short |
Extend for sensitive categories; trade secret survival |
| Remedies |
No equitable relief, no fees |
Add equitable relief and/or fees (carefully) |
Investor / VC: watch for standstill, solicitation, and “no contact” provisions—these are not standard in plain NDAs and may need separate agreement.
Risk rating guide
| Rating |
Meaning |
Example |
| High |
Creates material, uncapped, or operationally impossible risk |
Broad indemnity + unlimited damages for any breach |
| Medium |
Risk is real but manageable with process controls |
Strict notice deadlines for compelled disclosure |
| Low |
Mostly cosmetic or market-standard |
Minor notice method issues |
Common pitfalls (issue → risk → fix)
| Issue |
Risk |
Suggested fix |
| “All information is confidential forever” |
Operational burden; unfair risk allocation |
Add fixed term + trade secret carve-out |
| No compelled disclosure carve-out |
Breach if subpoenaed |
Add “required by law” disclosure path |
| Return/destruction requires purge of backups |
Impossible to comply |
Add backup and system integrity exception |
| Recipient indemnifies discloser |
Open-ended exposure |
Remove indemnity; use direct damages only |
| Residuals clause |
Allows de facto use of confidential info |
Delete or restrict to non-trade-secret, non-source-code |
Review prompts (copy/paste)
A. Minimal prompt (fast)
- Role: Recipient/Discloser
- NDA type: one-way (unilateral)
- Purpose: …
- Please produce (1) exec summary, (2) clause-by-clause issue log table with: Clause, Issue, Risk, Preferred redline, Fallback, Rationale, Owner, Deadline, (3) top 5 negotiation points.
B. Deep prompt (recommended)
- Add constraints: affiliates, advisors, contractors, cross-border sharing, personal data, cloud tools.
- Ask for: preferred redline + fallback + rationale per issue.
Ownership & timing defaults (if the user does not specify)
Use these defaults to populate Owner and Deadline in the issue log:
| Topic |
Default owner |
Default deadline |
| Confidentiality scope/definition, exceptions, term/survival |
Legal |
Before signature |
| Security standards / audit rights |
Security + Legal |
Before signature |
| Return/destruction and backups |
Security + IT + Legal |
Before signature |
| Liability cap / damages / indemnity / fees |
Legal + Finance |
Before signature |
| Operational constraints (representatives, affiliates, tooling) |
Legal + Business owner |
Before signature |
1---2name: nda-review-jamie-tso3description: Guide to review incoming one-way (unilateral) commercial NDAs in a jurisdiction-agnostic way, from either a Recipient or Discloser perspective (user-selected), producing a clause-by-clause issue log with preferred redlines, fallbacks, rationales, owners, and deadlines.4---5
6# NDA Review Playbook (Commercial, Jurisdiction-Agnostic)
7
8## Overview
9
10| What this skill does | What it does not do |
11|---|---|
12| Reviews an NDA and outputs issues, risks, and suggested redlines | Provide jurisdiction-specific legal conclusions |
13| Supports *Recipient* or *Discloser* perspectives (user-chosen) | Guarantee enforceability |
14| Produces an executive summary + clause-by-clause markup guidance | Replace counsel for complex deals |
15
16**Scope limitation (important):** this playbook supports **one-way (unilateral) commercial NDAs only**.
17
18If the NDA is **mutual**, stop: this playbook is **out of scope** and you should escalate to counsel or use a separate mutual-NDA review approach.
19
20> **Variation callouts** appear throughout:
21> - **M&A / Due diligence**
22> - **Employment / contractor**
23> - **Investor / VC**
24
25## LEGAL DISCLAIMER
26
27**THIS IS NOT LEGAL ADVICE.** This skill is provided for informational and educational purposes only. Laws vary by jurisdiction and individual circumstances, and only a licensed attorney can provide advice tailored to your specific situation. When the NDA is high-risk, high-value, cross-border, or otherwise sensitive, escalate to qualified counsel.
28
29**Remember:** All outputs from this skill must be reviewed by a qualified legal professional before being used for any legal purposes.
30
31---
32
33## Inputs to collect (ask before reviewing)
34
35### A. Role and deal context (required)
36- [ ] Are we reviewing as **Recipient** (we receive confidential info) or **Discloser** (we disclose confidential info)?
37- [ ] Confirm the NDA is **one-way (unilateral)**. If it is **mutual**, stop: this playbook cannot be used.
38- [ ] What is the **purpose** / permitted use (e.g., evaluation of partnership, vendor RFP, diligence)?
39- [ ] What are the **parties** (legal names) and any **affiliates** that should be covered?
40- [ ] What information types are expected (tech, pricing, customer data, product roadmap, source code)?
41- [ ] Desired **timeline**: when do we need to sign?
42
43### B. Practical constraints (recommended)
44- [ ] Do we need to share with **affiliates**, advisors, contractors, auditors, or potential acquirers?
45- [ ] Will we need to **export** data across borders or store in cloud tools?
46- [ ] Will any **personal data** be shared? If yes, are there separate data-processing terms?
47
48> **Jurisdiction-agnostic note:** avoid asserting “this clause is invalid” without the governing law details; focus on *commercial risk*, *operational feasibility*, and *market norms*.
49
50## Deliverables (output format)
51
52### Quick start (default output template)
53
54ALWAYS output:
551) **Executive summary**
562) **Clause-by-clause issue log** (single table)
57
58### A. Executive summary (1 page)
59- [ ] Party role (Recipient or Discloser) and confirmation it is one-way (unilateral)
60- [ ] Top 5 negotiation points (ranked)
61- [ ] “Sign as-is” / “Sign with changes” / “Escalate” recommendation
62
63### B. Clause-by-clause issue log (lawyer-style, thorough)
64Use a single table so counsel and business owners can track issues, owners, and deadlines.
65
66| Clause | Issue (1 line) | Risk (H/M/L) | Preferred redline | Fallback | Rationale (1–2 sentences) | Owner | Deadline |
67|---|---|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
68| Definition | Overbroad; includes unmarked info with no reasonableness | | | | | | |
69| Term & survival | Perpetual confidentiality for all information | | | | | | |
70| Use restriction | Purpose too broad; blocks internal evaluation | | | | | | |
71| Disclosures | Representatives undefined; strict liability | | | | | | |
72| Return/destruction | No backup carve-out | | | | | | |
73| Remedies | One-way fees + automatic injunction | | | | | | |
74| Liability | Indemnity + unlimited consequential damages | | | | | | |
75| Boilerplate | Assignment prohibits change of control | | | | | | |
76
77### Example (compact)
78
79**Executive summary (example skeleton):**
80- Role: Recipient (one-way NDA)
81- Recommendation: Sign with changes
82- Top 5 points: definition scope; term/survival; representatives; backup carve-out; remedies/fees
83
84**Issue log (example rows):**
85
86| Clause | Issue (1 line) | Risk (H/M/L) | Preferred redline | Fallback | Rationale (1–2 sentences) | Owner | Deadline |
87|---|---|---:|---|---|---|---|---|
88| Term & survival | Perpetual confidentiality for all information | H | Add 2–5 year survival; trade secret carve-out only | 5-year survival for all | Reduces indefinite operational burden while protecting truly sensitive info | Legal | Before signature |
89| Return/destruction | No backup carve-out | M | Add backup/legal hold exception + continued confidentiality | Allow retention in immutable backups only | Required for standard IT operations; avoids impossible compliance | Security + Legal | Before signature |
90
91## 5-step workflow
92
93### Step 1 — Identify stance (Recipient vs Discloser)
94- [ ] Confirm which side we are on for *this specific NDA* (titles are often misleading).
95- [ ] Confirm the NDA is **one-way (unilateral)**. If it is mutual, stop (out of scope).
96
97**Quick heuristic:**
98- If we are being asked to keep their info secret → we are **Recipient**.
99- If we are sharing our sensitive info → we are **Discloser** (if the NDA is mutual, stop: out of scope).
100
101### Step 2 — Triage the NDA (fast risk scan)
102Flag these immediately:
103- [ ] **Perpetual** confidentiality for *all* information (no trade secret distinction)
104- [ ] **Residuals clause** allowing use of “memory” or generalized knowledge
105- [ ] **Injunctive relief** + **attorneys’ fees** one-way against Recipient
106- [ ] **Indemnity** for breach or broad third-party claims
107- [ ] **No carve-outs** for compelled disclosure or prior knowledge
108- [ ] **Overbroad definition**: “all information, whether marked or not” with no reasonableness
109- [ ] **Affiliate coverage** missing when we must share internally
110
111> If any are present and the NDA matters, proceed with full review and consider escalation.
112
113### Step 3 — Clause-by-clause review (use the reference modules)
114Use these references while reviewing:
115- [Key clauses](references/KEY_CLAUSES.md)
116- [Party obligations](references/PARTY_OBLIGATIONS.md)
117- [Duration & scope](references/DURATION_SCOPE.md)
118- [Remedies & liability](references/REMEDIES_LIABILITY.md)
119- [Standard exceptions](references/STANDARD_EXCEPTIONS.md)
120
121### Step 4 — Draft redlines and negotiation positions
122For each issue, produce:
123- **Preferred redline** (best risk outcome)
124- **Fallback position** (acceptable compromise)
125- **Rationale** (1–2 sentences: business + operational feasibility)
126- **Owner** (who needs to approve / negotiate: Legal, Sales, Security, Product)
127- **Deadline** (by when the counterparty needs the change)
128
129**Negotiation discipline:** do not propose 20 changes. Focus on the 5–10 that materially change risk.
130
131### Step 5 — Finalize the package
132- [ ] Ensure consistency (definitions used the same way everywhere)
133- [ ] Confirm operational feasibility (can we actually comply?)
134- [ ] Re-scan the Step 2 triage list and ensure each flagged item is represented in the issue log
135- [ ] Provide a short “what we changed and why” summary
136
137## Perspective-specific checklists
138
139### A. Recipient checklist (incoming NDA — typical case)
140
141| Topic | Red flags | Typical ask |
142|---|---|---|
143| Definition of Confidential Information | Overbroad; includes independently developed info; no marking/identification standard | Add reasonableness + identification standard; add exclusions |
144| Purpose / Permitted Use | Any use restriction beyond evaluation; bans on internal sharing | Tie to stated purpose; allow internal need-to-know |
145| Representatives | We are liable for any representative breach without control | Limit to those under written confidentiality; commercially reasonable care |
146| Term & survival | Perpetual for everything; unclear start date | Fixed term; longer only for trade secrets |
147| Return / destruction | Requires deletion of backups immediately | Add practical backup carve-out |
148| Remedies | One-way fees + broad injunction language | Mutuality or reasonableness; clarify equitable relief scope |
149| Liability / indemnity | Indemnity; unlimited damages; consequential damages | Cap or exclude categories; remove indemnity |
150| Residuals | Allows use of “retained in memory” | Delete or narrow heavily |
151
152> **M&A / Due diligence:** ensure diligence sharing (advisors, financing, affiliates) is permitted and that data room exports/notes are covered.
153
154### B. Discloser checklist (when we are sharing sensitive info)
155
156| Topic | Red flags | Typical ask |
157|---|---|---|
158| Definition | Too narrow; requires marking only; excludes oral disclosures | Add oral confirmation mechanism; broaden categories reasonably |
159| Security standard | Only “reasonable” with no baseline | Add minimum safeguards, or align with internal policy |
160| Exclusions | Too broad (e.g., “independently developed” with no proof) | Require written evidence of prior knowledge/independent development |
161| Term & survival | Too short | Extend for sensitive categories; trade secret survival |
162| Remedies | No equitable relief, no fees | Add equitable relief and/or fees (carefully) |
163
164> **Investor / VC:** watch for standstill, solicitation, and “no contact” provisions—these are not standard in plain NDAs and may need separate agreement.
165
166## Risk rating guide
167
168| Rating | Meaning | Example |
169|---:|---|---|
170| High | Creates material, uncapped, or operationally impossible risk | Broad indemnity + unlimited damages for any breach |
171| Medium | Risk is real but manageable with process controls | Strict notice deadlines for compelled disclosure |
172| Low | Mostly cosmetic or market-standard | Minor notice method issues |
173
174## Common pitfalls (issue → risk → fix)
175
176| Issue | Risk | Suggested fix |
177|---|---|---|
178| “All information is confidential forever” | Operational burden; unfair risk allocation | Add fixed term + trade secret carve-out |
179| No compelled disclosure carve-out | Breach if subpoenaed | Add “required by law” disclosure path |
180| Return/destruction requires purge of backups | Impossible to comply | Add backup and system integrity exception |
181| Recipient indemnifies discloser | Open-ended exposure | Remove indemnity; use direct damages only |
182| Residuals clause | Allows de facto use of confidential info | Delete or restrict to non-trade-secret, non-source-code |
183
184## Review prompts (copy/paste)
185
186### A. Minimal prompt (fast)
187- Role: Recipient/Discloser
188- NDA type: one-way (unilateral)
189- Purpose: …
190- Please produce (1) exec summary, (2) clause-by-clause issue log table with: Clause, Issue, Risk, Preferred redline, Fallback, Rationale, Owner, Deadline, (3) top 5 negotiation points.
191
192### B. Deep prompt (recommended)
193- Add constraints: affiliates, advisors, contractors, cross-border sharing, personal data, cloud tools.
194- Ask for: preferred redline + fallback + rationale per issue.
195
196## Ownership & timing defaults (if the user does not specify)
197
198Use these defaults to populate **Owner** and **Deadline** in the issue log:
199
200| Topic | Default owner | Default deadline |
201|---|---|---|
202| Confidentiality scope/definition, exceptions, term/survival | Legal | Before signature |
203| Security standards / audit rights | Security + Legal | Before signature |
204| Return/destruction and backups | Security + IT + Legal | Before signature |
205| Liability cap / damages / indemnity / fees | Legal + Finance | Before signature |
206| Operational constraints (representatives, affiliates, tooling) | Legal + Business owner | Before signature |