Rwsdk Cron Triggers

rwsdk Cron Triggers

Schedule recurring background tasks using standard cron syntax. Tasks run automatically in production. Use for cleanup, metrics, billing, backups, and maintenance.

Quick Setup

1. Configure wrangler.jsonc

{
  "triggers": {
    "crons": [
      "0 * * * *", // Every hour
      "0 21 * * *" // Daily at 9 PM UTC
    ]
  }
}

Run pnpm generate after changes.

2. Add Scheduled Handler

export default {
  fetch: app.fetch,
  async scheduled(controller: ScheduledController) {
    try {
      switch (controller.cron) {
        case '0 * * * *': {
          await cleanupExpiredSessions();
          console.log('✅ Hourly cleanup complete');
          break;
        }
        case '0 21 * * *': {
          await processBilling();
          console.log('✅ Daily billing complete');
          break;
        }
        default: {
          console.warn(`Unhandled cron: ${controller.cron}`);
        }
      }
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('Cron error:', error);
    }
  },
} satisfies ExportedHandler<Env>;

Each case must match a cron in wrangler.jsonc.

Cron Syntax

┌─ minute (0-59)
│ ┌─ hour (0-23)
│ │ ┌─ day (1-31)
│ │ │ ┌─ month (1-12)
│ │ │ │ ┌─ weekday (0-6, Sun-Sat)
* * * * *

Common patterns:

• * * * * * - Every minute (testing only)
• */5 * * * * - Every 5 minutes
• 0 * * * * - Every hour
• 0 0 * * * - Daily at midnight UTC
• 0 9 * * 1-5 - Weekdays at 9 AM UTC
• 0 0 * * 0 - Weekly (Sundays)
• 0 0 1 * * - Monthly (1st day)

Operators:

• * - Every value
• */n - Every n units
• , - Multiple values: 0 9,17 * * * (9 AM and 5 PM)
• - - Range: 0 9-17 * * * (9 AM through 5 PM)

Testing Locally

Crons only fire automatically in production. Test locally with curl.

Basic test (find PORT from pnpm dev output):

curl "http://localhost:PORT/cdn-cgi/handler/scheduled?cron=0+*+*+*+*"

With custom timestamp (for time-dependent logic):

# Test as if running Jan 1, 2025 midnight UTC
curl "http://localhost:PORT/cdn-cgi/handler/scheduled?cron=0+0+1+*+*&time=1735689600"

Generate timestamps:

date +%s  # Current time
date -d "2025-01-15 12:00:00 UTC" +%s  # Specific date

Test script:

#!/bin/bash
PORT=5173  # Your dev server port

curl "http://localhost:$PORT/cdn-cgi/handler/scheduled?cron=0+*+*+*+*"
curl "http://localhost:$PORT/cdn-cgi/handler/scheduled?cron=0+21+*+*+*"

Example Patterns

Session cleanup (hourly):

"crons": ["0 * * * *"]

case "0 * * * *": {
  const result = await db
    .deleteFrom("sessions")
    .where("expiresAt", "<", new Date().toISOString())
    .executeTakeFirst();
  console.log(`🧹 Cleaned ${result.numDeletedRows} sessions`);
  break;
}

Billing (daily at 2 AM):

"crons": ["0 2 * * *"]

case "0 2 * * *": {
  const subs = await db
    .selectFrom("subscriptions")
    .where("nextBillingDate", "<=", today())
    .selectAll()
    .execute();

  // Queue work instead of processing inline
  await env.BILLING_QUEUE.sendBatch(
    subs.map(s => ({ body: { subscriptionId: s.id } }))
  );
  console.log(`💰 Queued ${subs.length} billing tasks`);
  break;
}

Cleanup old files (monthly):

"crons": ["0 3 1 * *"]  // 1st of month, 3 AM UTC

case "0 3 1 * *": {
  const cutoff = new Date();
  cutoff.setDate(cutoff.getDate() - 30);

  const { objects } = await env.R2_BUCKET.list({ prefix: "temp/" });

  for (const obj of objects) {
    if (obj.uploaded < cutoff) {
      await env.R2_BUCKET.delete(obj.key);
    }
  }
  console.log(`🗑️ Cleaned up old files`);
  break;
}

Best Practices

1. Queue heavy work

// ❌ BAD - might timeout
for (const user of await getAllUsers()) {
  await sendEmail(user);
}

// ✅ GOOD - queue work
const users = await getAllUsers();
await env.EMAIL_QUEUE.sendBatch(users.map((u) => ({ body: { userId: u.id } })));

2. Add error handling

try {
  await task();
} catch (error) {
  console.error('Cron failed:', error);
}

3. Document schedules

"crons": [
  "*/5 * * * *",  // Health checks
  "0 * * * *",    // Session cleanup
  "0 2 * * *"     // Billing
]

4. All times are UTC

'0 17 * * *'; // 5 PM UTC = 12 PM EST = 9 AM PST

Common Mistakes

• ❌ Cron not in wrangler.jsonc
• ❌ Forgetting pnpm generate
• ❌ Long-running work in handler (use queues)
• ❌ Assuming non-UTC timezone
• ❌ No error handling or logging
• ❌ Missing default case in switch

Key Limits

• Minimum interval: 1 minute
• Maximum schedules: 3 (free tier)
• Timezone: UTC only
• Execution: At-least-once (make idempotent)
• Timeout: Same as Worker CPU limits

Workflow

1. Add cron to wrangler.jsonc
2. Run pnpm generate
3. Add case to scheduled handler
4. Test with curl: curl "http://localhost:PORT/cdn-cgi/handler/scheduled?cron=0+*+*+*+*"
5. Deploy and monitor in Cloudflare Dashboard

Architecture

Cron Trigger → Check what needs doing → Queue work → Process in queue consumer

Keep cron handlers lightweight. Use them to schedule work, not process it.