Software UI/UX Principles Skill — Quick Reference
Use this skill when the primary focus is designing intuitive, accessible, and user-centered interfaces rather than implementing technical features.
When to Use This Skill
Invoke when users ask for:
- UI/UX design patterns and best practices
- Usability evaluation and improvement recommendations
- Accessibility compliance (WCAG, ARIA)
- Design system setup and component libraries
- User-centered design methodologies
- Information architecture and navigation design
- Mobile-first and responsive design patterns
- Form design and input validation UX
- Pattern selection based on user pain points (from
software-ux-research analysis)
- UI fixes for feedback-identified issues (navigation, onboarding, performance, forms)
Quick Reference Table
| UX Task |
Pattern/Tool |
Implementation |
When to Use |
| Distinctive Aesthetics |
Creative typography, bold color |
Avoid Inter/Roboto, commit to theme |
Prevent generic AI aesthetics |
| Pain Point → Pattern |
Feedback-driven design |
Use software-ux-research first |
When you have user feedback to act on |
| Cognitive Load & Cues |
Gestalt grouping, preattentive cues |
Chunk info, align, use contrast/weight/icons |
Dense data, complex flows; reduce working-memory load |
| Signifiers & Mappings |
Visible affordances, natural layouts |
Show clickable states, map controls to outputs |
Any interactive element; prevent slips/mistakes |
| Loading States |
Skeleton screens |
Shimmer placeholders |
All async data (preferred over spinners) |
| User Feedback |
Toast notifications |
3-5 sec auto-dismiss |
Non-blocking confirmations |
| Form Validation |
Inline validation |
Validate on blur |
Real-time feedback without annoyance |
| Navigation |
Breadcrumbs + tabs |
Hierarchical + contextual |
Multi-level content (max 3 clicks) |
| Empty States |
Action-oriented prompts |
"Create your first..." |
Never show blank pages |
| Accessibility |
WCAG 2.2 AA |
4.5:1 contrast, keyboard nav |
All production apps (legal requirement) |
| Component Library |
shadcn/ui or MUI |
Copy-paste or npm install |
Design system foundation |
| Micro-interactions |
200-400ms animations |
CSS transitions/Framer Motion |
Button states, hover, loading |
Decision Tree: UI/UX Design Approach
Design challenge: [Feature Type]
├─ Building from scratch?
│ ├─ Need full control? → shadcn/ui (copy-paste, Tailwind)
│ ├─ Need speed? → MUI (comprehensive, out-of-the-box)
│ └─ Accessibility priority? → Chakra UI (best-in-class a11y)
│
├─ Improving existing UI?
│ ├─ Usability issues? → Nielsen heuristics evaluation (resources/nielsen-heuristics.md)
│ ├─ Accessibility gaps? → WCAG 2.2 audit (resources/wcag-accessibility.md)
│ └─ Visual inconsistency? → Design system setup (resources/design-systems.md)
│
├─ Loading/feedback states?
│ ├─ Data loading? → Skeleton screens (not spinners)
│ ├─ User action? → Optimistic UI + toast notifications
│ └─ Form submission? → Inline validation + progress indicators
│
├─ Complex form?
│ ├─ Multi-step? → Progress bar + save drafts
│ ├─ Many fields? → Group related fields + progressive disclosure
│ └─ Validation? → Inline on blur (not on every keystroke)
│
├─ First 5 seconds clear?
│ ├─ First-click test? → Primary action obvious, trunk nav clear
│ └─ Scannable copy? → Plain-language labels, front-loaded headings
│
├─ Mobile vs Desktop?
│ ├─ Mobile-first design → Start 320px, scale up
│ └─ Touch targets 44x44px minimum
│
└─ Have user pain points from feedback?
├─ Navigation issues? → Breadcrumbs, tabs, simplified IA
├─ Onboarding confusion? → Progressive disclosure, guided tours
├─ Performance complaints? → Skeleton screens, optimistic UI
├─ Form frustration? → Inline validation, autosave, chunking
└─ Need pain points first? → Use software-ux-research skill
Navigation
Resources (Best Practices & Guides)
- resources/frontend-aesthetics-2025.md — Distinctive design principles to avoid generic AI aesthetics (typography, color, motion, backgrounds, AI design tools)
- resources/design-systems.md — Comprehensive design system implementation guide (foundations, components, patterns)
- resources/component-library-comparison.md — 2025 UI library comparison (MUI, shadcn/ui, Ant Design, Chakra UI, Radix UI, React Aria, Mantine, Headless UI)
- resources/modern-ux-patterns-2024.md — Modern UX patterns (skeleton screens, optimistic UI, progressive disclosure, micro-interactions)
- resources/nielsen-heuristics.md — Heuristic evaluation guide with practical examples
- resources/wcag-accessibility.md — WCAG 2.2 success criteria and implementation guide
- data/sources.json — 85+ curated external references (usability research, design systems, component libraries, animation libraries, 2024 patterns)
Templates by Category
Component Libraries (Implementation Guides):
- templates/component-libraries/template-shadcn-ui.md — shadcn/ui with Radix UI + Tailwind CSS (copy-paste components, full ownership)
- templates/component-libraries/template-mui-material-ui.md — Material-UI (Google Material Design, enterprise-grade, 95k+ stars)
Interaction Patterns (Micro-interactions & Animations):
- templates/interaction-patterns/template-micro-interactions.md — 2024 micro-interaction patterns (buttons, forms, loading states, toasts, drag-and-drop)
Design & Planning:
- templates/design-brief.md — Single-source design brief (goals, IA, accessibility, experimentation)
- templates/ux-review-checklist.md — Heuristic + accessibility review checklist
Related Skills (Cross-Functional)
- ../software-ux-research/SKILL.md — Research sibling: Use FIRST for feedback analysis, pain point extraction, competitive analysis → feeds pattern selection here
- ../software-frontend/SKILL.md — Frontend implementation (Next.js 16, React, TypeScript, Tailwind CSS, shadcn/ui)
- ../software-mobile/SKILL.md — Mobile UX patterns (iOS Swift, Android Kotlin, platform conventions)
- ../product-management/SKILL.md — Product strategy, user research, positioning
- ../qa-testing-strategy/SKILL.md — UI/E2E testing, visual regression, accessibility automation
- ../software-architecture-design/SKILL.md — System design patterns and architecture principles
- ../software-backend/SKILL.md — API design for optimal UX (REST, GraphQL, real-time)
Operational Playbooks
- resources/operational-playbook.md — Design themes, accessibility heuristics, mobile-first guidance, and decision frameworks
1---2name: software-ui-ux-design-33description: UI/UX design principles, usability heuristics, accessibility standards, and design system patterns for creating user-centered interfaces.4---5
6# Software UI/UX Principles Skill — Quick Reference
7
8Use this skill when the primary focus is designing intuitive, accessible, and user-centered interfaces rather than implementing technical features.
9
10---
11
12## When to Use This Skill
13
14Invoke when users ask for:
15
16- UI/UX design patterns and best practices
17- Usability evaluation and improvement recommendations
18- Accessibility compliance (WCAG, ARIA)
19- Design system setup and component libraries
20- User-centered design methodologies
21- Information architecture and navigation design
22- Mobile-first and responsive design patterns
23- Form design and input validation UX
24- **Pattern selection based on user pain points** (from `software-ux-research` analysis)
25- **UI fixes for feedback-identified issues** (navigation, onboarding, performance, forms)
26
27---
28
29## Quick Reference Table
30
31| UX Task | Pattern/Tool | Implementation | When to Use |
32|---------|--------------|----------------|-------------|
33| **Distinctive Aesthetics** | **Creative typography, bold color** | **Avoid Inter/Roboto, commit to theme** | **Prevent generic AI aesthetics** |
34| **Pain Point → Pattern** | **Feedback-driven design** | **Use `software-ux-research` first** | **When you have user feedback to act on** |
35| Cognitive Load & Cues | Gestalt grouping, preattentive cues | Chunk info, align, use contrast/weight/icons | Dense data, complex flows; reduce working-memory load |
36| Signifiers & Mappings | Visible affordances, natural layouts | Show clickable states, map controls to outputs | Any interactive element; prevent slips/mistakes |
37| Loading States | Skeleton screens | Shimmer placeholders | All async data (preferred over spinners) |
38| User Feedback | Toast notifications | 3-5 sec auto-dismiss | Non-blocking confirmations |
39| Form Validation | Inline validation | Validate on blur | Real-time feedback without annoyance |
40| Navigation | Breadcrumbs + tabs | Hierarchical + contextual | Multi-level content (max 3 clicks) |
41| Empty States | Action-oriented prompts | "Create your first..." | Never show blank pages |
42| Accessibility | WCAG 2.2 AA | 4.5:1 contrast, keyboard nav | All production apps (legal requirement) |
43| Component Library | shadcn/ui or MUI | Copy-paste or npm install | Design system foundation |
44| Micro-interactions | 200-400ms animations | CSS transitions/Framer Motion | Button states, hover, loading |
45
46## Decision Tree: UI/UX Design Approach
47
48```text
49Design challenge: [Feature Type]
50 ├─ Building from scratch?
51 │ ├─ Need full control? → shadcn/ui (copy-paste, Tailwind)
52 │ ├─ Need speed? → MUI (comprehensive, out-of-the-box)
53 │ └─ Accessibility priority? → Chakra UI (best-in-class a11y)
54 │
55 ├─ Improving existing UI?
56 │ ├─ Usability issues? → Nielsen heuristics evaluation (resources/nielsen-heuristics.md)
57 │ ├─ Accessibility gaps? → WCAG 2.2 audit (resources/wcag-accessibility.md)
58 │ └─ Visual inconsistency? → Design system setup (resources/design-systems.md)
59 │
60 ├─ Loading/feedback states?
61 │ ├─ Data loading? → Skeleton screens (not spinners)
62 │ ├─ User action? → Optimistic UI + toast notifications
63 │ └─ Form submission? → Inline validation + progress indicators
64 │
65 ├─ Complex form?
66 │ ├─ Multi-step? → Progress bar + save drafts
67 │ ├─ Many fields? → Group related fields + progressive disclosure
68 │ └─ Validation? → Inline on blur (not on every keystroke)
69 │
70 ├─ First 5 seconds clear?
71 │ ├─ First-click test? → Primary action obvious, trunk nav clear
72 │ └─ Scannable copy? → Plain-language labels, front-loaded headings
73 │
74 ├─ Mobile vs Desktop?
75 │ ├─ Mobile-first design → Start 320px, scale up
76 │ └─ Touch targets 44x44px minimum
77 │
78 └─ Have user pain points from feedback?
79 ├─ Navigation issues? → Breadcrumbs, tabs, simplified IA
80 ├─ Onboarding confusion? → Progressive disclosure, guided tours
81 ├─ Performance complaints? → Skeleton screens, optimistic UI
82 ├─ Form frustration? → Inline validation, autosave, chunking
83 └─ Need pain points first? → Use software-ux-research skill
84```
85
86---
87
88## Navigation
89
90### Resources (Best Practices & Guides)
91
92- [resources/frontend-aesthetics-2025.md](resources/frontend-aesthetics-2025.md) — Distinctive design principles to avoid generic AI aesthetics (typography, color, motion, backgrounds, AI design tools)
93- [resources/design-systems.md](resources/design-systems.md) — Comprehensive design system implementation guide (foundations, components, patterns)
94- [resources/component-library-comparison.md](resources/component-library-comparison.md) — 2025 UI library comparison (MUI, shadcn/ui, Ant Design, Chakra UI, Radix UI, React Aria, Mantine, Headless UI)
95- [resources/modern-ux-patterns-2024.md](resources/modern-ux-patterns-2024.md) — Modern UX patterns (skeleton screens, optimistic UI, progressive disclosure, micro-interactions)
96- [resources/nielsen-heuristics.md](resources/nielsen-heuristics.md) — Heuristic evaluation guide with practical examples
97- [resources/wcag-accessibility.md](resources/wcag-accessibility.md) — WCAG 2.2 success criteria and implementation guide
98- [data/sources.json](data/sources.json) — 85+ curated external references (usability research, design systems, component libraries, animation libraries, 2024 patterns)
99
100### Templates by Category
101
102**Component Libraries (Implementation Guides):**
103
104- [templates/component-libraries/template-shadcn-ui.md](templates/component-libraries/template-shadcn-ui.md) — shadcn/ui with Radix UI + Tailwind CSS (copy-paste components, full ownership)
105- [templates/component-libraries/template-mui-material-ui.md](templates/component-libraries/template-mui-material-ui.md) — Material-UI (Google Material Design, enterprise-grade, 95k+ stars)
106
107**Interaction Patterns (Micro-interactions & Animations):**
108
109- [templates/interaction-patterns/template-micro-interactions.md](templates/interaction-patterns/template-micro-interactions.md) — 2024 micro-interaction patterns (buttons, forms, loading states, toasts, drag-and-drop)
110
111**Design & Planning:**
112
113- [templates/design-brief.md](templates/design-brief.md) — Single-source design brief (goals, IA, accessibility, experimentation)
114- [templates/ux-review-checklist.md](templates/ux-review-checklist.md) — Heuristic + accessibility review checklist
115
116### Related Skills (Cross-Functional)
117
118- [../software-ux-research/SKILL.md](../software-ux-research/SKILL.md) — **Research sibling**: Use FIRST for feedback analysis, pain point extraction, competitive analysis → feeds pattern selection here
119- [../software-frontend/SKILL.md](../software-frontend/SKILL.md) — Frontend implementation (Next.js 16, React, TypeScript, Tailwind CSS, shadcn/ui)
120- [../software-mobile/SKILL.md](../software-mobile/SKILL.md) — Mobile UX patterns (iOS Swift, Android Kotlin, platform conventions)
121- [../product-management/SKILL.md](../product-management/SKILL.md) — Product strategy, user research, positioning
122- [../qa-testing-strategy/SKILL.md](../qa-testing-strategy/SKILL.md) — UI/E2E testing, visual regression, accessibility automation
123- [../software-architecture-design/SKILL.md](../software-architecture-design/SKILL.md) — System design patterns and architecture principles
124- [../software-backend/SKILL.md](../software-backend/SKILL.md) — API design for optimal UX (REST, GraphQL, real-time)
125
126---
127
128## Operational Playbooks
129- [resources/operational-playbook.md](resources/operational-playbook.md) — Design themes, accessibility heuristics, mobile-first guidance, and decision frameworks