Spring Boot Database Migrations

Database Migrations with Flyway

Follow these practices when making database schema changes.

Migration File Location

src/main/resources/db/migration/
├── V1__Initial_schema.sql
├── V2__Add_customers_table.sql
├── V3__Add_appointments_table.sql
├── V4__Add_employee_columns.sql
└── V[N]__description.sql

Naming Convention

REQUIRED FORMAT: V[version]__[description].sql

• Version: Sequential integer (V1, V2, V3, ...)
• Description: Snake_case describing the change
• Double underscore between version and description

Examples:

V1__Initial_schema.sql
V2__Create_customers_table.sql
V3__Add_email_to_customers.sql
V4__Create_appointments_table.sql
V5__Add_foreign_keys.sql
V6__Add_guest_column_to_customers.sql

Creating New Migrations

For New Tables

-- V[N]__Create_service_types_table.sql
CREATE TABLE service_types (
    id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    description TEXT,
    duration_minutes INTEGER NOT NULL,
    price DECIMAL(10, 2) NOT NULL,
    active BOOLEAN DEFAULT TRUE NOT NULL,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    updated_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

-- Add index for commonly queried columns
CREATE INDEX idx_service_types_active ON service_types(active);

For Adding Columns

-- V[N]__Add_guest_column_to_customers.sql
ALTER TABLE customers 
ADD COLUMN guest BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE NOT NULL;

-- For nullable columns
ALTER TABLE customers 
ALTER COLUMN email DROP NOT NULL;

For Adding Foreign Keys

-- V[N]__Add_foreign_keys_to_appointments.sql
ALTER TABLE appointments 
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_appointments_customer 
FOREIGN KEY (customer_id) REFERENCES customers(id);

ALTER TABLE appointments 
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_appointments_employee 
FOREIGN KEY (employee_id) REFERENCES employees(id);

PostgreSQL vs H2 Compatibility

For development with H2 and production with PostgreSQL, use compatible syntax:

-- Use BIGSERIAL for PostgreSQL auto-increment
CREATE TABLE customers (
    id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY,  -- PostgreSQL
    -- id BIGINT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,  -- H2 only
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
);

-- For H2 compatibility, use application-h2.yml with ddl-auto

Migration Rules

1. NEVER modify applied migrations - Create new migration files instead
2. NEVER delete migration files - Keep full history
3. Test migrations locally before committing
4. Use transactions for complex migrations (PostgreSQL)
5. Add rollback comments for complex changes

Handling Migration Errors

Checksum Mismatch Error

FlywayValidateException: Migration checksum mismatch for migration version X

Solution (Development Only):

# Complete database reset
docker-compose down -v
docker system prune -f
.\gradlew.bat bootJar
docker-compose up --build

Failed Migration Recovery

FlywayValidateException: Detected failed migration to version X

Solution:

1. Fix the migration SQL syntax
2. Reset the database (development)
3. Or run Flyway repair (with caution)

Test Fixtures Updates

When adding new migrations, update test fixtures:

1. Create/update database defaults in src/testFixtures/java/com/salonhub/api/[domain]/
2. Update ServerSetupExtension if schema changes affect test data
3. Ensure integration tests use the new schema

Example Database Default:

public class ServiceTypeDatabaseDefault {
    public static final Long HAIRCUT_ID = 1L;
    public static final String HAIRCUT_NAME = "Haircut";
    
    public static final String INSERT_HAIRCUT = 
        "INSERT INTO service_types (id, name, duration_minutes, price, active) VALUES " +
        "(1, 'Haircut', 30, 25.00, true)";
}

Checklist for Schema Changes

• Create new migration file with correct naming
• Test migration locally with H2 profile
• Test migration with Docker PostgreSQL
• Update JPA entities to match schema
• Update test fixtures/database defaults
• Run full test suite: .\gradlew.bat check
• Verify integration tests pass