Structure Worldgen

Structure Worldgen Guide

Purpose: Guide for implementing complex structure generation with waterlogging prevention, Jigsaw techniques, and boss spawning.

How it works: This skill is automatically activated when you mention tasks related to:

• Creating underground or multi-chunk structures
• Implementing waterlogging prevention systems
• Using Jigsaw structures with programmatic boss room placement
• Configuring terrain adaptation for structures
• Implementing boss spawning systems

Simply describe what you want to do, and Claude will reference the appropriate guidance from this skill.

Underground Structure Waterlogging (2025-11-11)

Problem: In Minecraft 1.18+, underground structures face waterlogging issues due to the Aquifer system:

• Aquifers generate water sources throughout underground areas
• When structures generate where water exists, waterloggable blocks (stairs, lanterns, slabs, fences, etc.) automatically become waterlogged=true
• Water flows out from these blocks inside the structure

Standard Solution: Avoid waterloggable blocks in underground structures

• Use full blocks instead of stairs for elevation changes
• Use torches, glowstone, or sea lanterns instead of hanging lanterns
• Avoid slabs, fences, and other non-full blocks in deep underground structures

Alternative Approaches (less reliable):

• Processor to remove water (remove_water.json) - only removes water blocks, not waterlogged state
• Generate at shallower depths (Y > 40) - reduces aquifer exposure
• 2-block thick walls - does NOT solve waterlogging issue

Vanilla Examples:

• Ancient City: Uses waterloggable blocks but generates at Y < -30 (below most aquifers)
• Mineshaft: Allows water flooding (intentional design)
• Stronghold: Generates at Y 40-60 (minimal aquifer exposure)

Best Practice: For structures with significant underground portions (Y < 40), use only full blocks for decoration and avoid waterloggable blocks entirely.

Reference: See specs/chrono-dawn-mod/research.md → "Structure Waterlogging Research" for detailed analysis

Advanced Solution: Complete Waterlogging Prevention System (2025-11-24)

Use Case: When you need to:

1. Use waterloggable blocks in underground structures (stairs, lanterns, slabs, etc.)
2. Include decorative water features (waterfalls, pools) in the same structures
3. Support intentional waterlogging (waterlogged slabs for decorative pools)

Problem: Simple Mixin-based water removal cannot distinguish between:

• Aquifer water (unwanted) vs Decorative water (wanted)
• Aquifer-induced waterlogging (unwanted) vs Intentional waterlogging (wanted)

Complete Solution: Three-Component System

1. Custom Decorative Water Fluid

Files: DecorativeWaterFluid.java, ModFluids.java

Purpose:

• Create chronodawn:decorative_water fluid that looks identical to vanilla water
• Use in NBT structures for decorative water features (waterfalls, pools)
• Distinguishable from Aquifer water (minecraft:water) during generation
• Preserves flow state (level=0-15) for waterfalls

2. Structure Processor

File: CopyFluidLevelProcessor.java

@Override
public StructureBlockInfo processBlock(...) {
    // Phase 1: During structure placement (per-block processing)

    // A. Convert decorative water → vanilla water (preserve flow)
    if (state.is(ModBlocks.DECORATIVE_WATER.get())) {
        int level = state.getValue(BlockStateProperties.LEVEL);
        return new StructureBlockInfo(pos, Blocks.WATER.defaultBlockState()
            .setValue(BlockStateProperties.LEVEL, level), nbt);
    }

    // B. Record intentional waterlogging positions
    BlockPos worldPos = currentBlockInfo.pos();  // IMPORTANT: use currentBlockInfo.pos()!
    if (originalBlockInfo.state().getValue(WATERLOGGED) == true) {
        INTENTIONAL_WATERLOGGING.add(worldPos.immutable());
    }

    // C. Remove ALL waterlogging temporarily (prevents water spread)
    if (currentBlockInfo.state().getValue(WATERLOGGED) == true) {
        return new StructureBlockInfo(pos, state.setValue(WATERLOGGED, false), nbt);
    }
}

3. Mixin

File: StructureStartMixin.java

@Inject(method = "placeInChunk", at = @At("HEAD"))
private void removeWaterBeforePlacement(...) {
    // Phase 2a: Before structure placement
    // Remove ONLY minecraft:water (Aquifer), preserve chronodawn:decorative_water
    for (BlockPos pos : structurePieceBoundingBox) {
        if (state.is(Blocks.WATER) && !state.is(ModBlocks.DECORATIVE_WATER)) {
            level.setBlock(pos, Blocks.AIR.defaultBlockState(), 2);
        }
    }
}

@Inject(method = "placeInChunk", at = @At("RETURN"))
private void finalizeWaterlogging(...) {
    // Phase 2b: After structure placement
    // Process current chunk + 1-block border (fixes multi-chunk timing issues)
    for (BlockPos pos : chunkBox.expanded(1, 0, 1)) {
        BlockPos immutablePos = pos.immutable();

        if (state.hasProperty(WATERLOGGED)) {
            boolean shouldBeWaterlogged = INTENTIONAL_WATERLOGGING.contains(immutablePos);

            // Restore intentional, remove unintentional
            if (state.getValue(WATERLOGGED) != shouldBeWaterlogged) {
                level.setBlock(pos, state.setValue(WATERLOGGED, shouldBeWaterlogged), 2);
            }

            // Cleanup: remove from set after processing
            if (shouldBeWaterlogged) {
                INTENTIONAL_WATERLOGGING.remove(immutablePos);
            }
        }
    }
}

Processing Flow

1. Mixin HEAD: Remove Aquifer water (minecraft:water only)
2. Structure Placement:
   - NBT blocks placed
   - Processor runs for each block:
     * Records intentional waterlogging positions
     * Removes all waterlogging (prevents spread during placement)
     * Converts decorative_water → minecraft:water
3. Mixin RETURN:
   - Restores intentional waterlogging (from recorded positions)
   - Removes unintentional waterlogging (Aquifer or water spread)
   - Processes chunk + 1-block border (fixes multi-chunk structures)

Critical Implementation Details

1. Correct World Position (Most Common Bug):

   // WRONG: blockPos parameter is structure origin (same for all blocks!)
   BlockPos worldPos = blockPos;
   
   // CORRECT: Get actual position from currentBlockInfo
   BlockPos worldPos = currentBlockInfo.pos();
   

2. Immutable BlockPos for Set Storage:

   INTENTIONAL_WATERLOGGING.add(worldPos.immutable());  // Store immutable
   INTENTIONAL_WATERLOGGING.contains(pos.immutable());   // Check immutable
   

3. Multi-Chunk Structures (Timing Issue):

   • Each chunk processes separately via placeInChunk()
   • Later chunks can waterlog blocks in earlier (already processed) chunks
   • Solution: Expand processing area by 1 block: chunkBox.expanded(1, 0, 1)
   • Don't clear INTENTIONAL_WATERLOGGING set until all chunks processed

4. Set Cleanup:

   // WRONG: Clear entire set after each chunk
   INTENTIONAL_WATERLOGGING.clear();
   
   // CORRECT: Remove individual positions after restoration
   if (shouldBeWaterlogged) {
       INTENTIONAL_WATERLOGGING.remove(immutablePos);
   }
   

Capabilities

• ✅ Prevents Aquifer water from waterlogging stairs, lanterns, slabs, etc.
• ✅ Supports decorative water features (waterfalls with flow)
• ✅ Supports intentional waterlogging (waterlogged slabs for pools)
• ✅ Works with multi-chunk structures
• ✅ Compatible with Jigsaw structures

Files

• DecorativeWaterFluid.java - Custom fluid (Source + Flowing)
• ModFluids.java - Fluid registration
• CopyFluidLevelProcessor.java - Structure processor
• ModStructureProcessorTypes.java - Processor type registration
• StructureStartMixin.java - Mixin for water removal and waterlogging finalization
• convert_decorative_water.json - Processor list (applied to template pools)

Reference: Master Clock (T234-238) - uses stairs, decorative water, intentional waterlogging

Structure Generation Priority (2025-11-11)

Generation Order: Structures generate in phases determined by the step parameter:

1. raw_generation - Immediately after terrain generation
2. lakes - Lake generation
3. local_modifications - Local terrain modifications
4. underground_structures - Underground structures (early)
5. surface_structures - Surface structures (late)
6. strongholds - Strongholds
7. underground_ores - Ore generation
8. ... (vegetation, decoration, etc.)

Priority Rule: Earlier steps have priority over later steps. Later structures avoid overwriting earlier structures.

Use Case: For unique/important structures (like Master Clock), use underground_structures step even if they have surface components. This prevents common structures (using surface_structures) from overwriting them.

Limitation: Structures in different structure_set definitions have weak collision detection. Overlaps can still occur but are less likely when using earlier generation steps.

Advanced Jigsaw Structure Techniques (2025-11-27)

Use Case: When you need to combine Jigsaw system (random generation) with programmatic placement (guaranteed single boss room).

Example: Phantom Catacombs - Jigsaw maze with exactly one boss room connected to a random dead-end

Problem: Jigsaw Limitations for Boss Rooms

Jigsaw system cannot guarantee:

1. Exactly one boss room (might generate 0 or multiple)
2. Boss room connects to maze in specific way
3. Boss room avoids collision with existing maze rooms

Solution: Hybrid Jigsaw + Programmatic Approach

Architecture:

1. Jigsaw Phase: Generate maze structure (entrance → corridors → rooms → dead-ends)
2. Marker Phase: Place markers (Crying Obsidian) in dead-end rooms during Jigsaw generation
3. Programmatic Phase: Replace one marker with boss room using custom placer logic
4. Cleanup Phase: Remove remaining markers

Implementation Pattern (Phantom Catacombs example):

// 1. Jigsaw generates maze with dead-end markers
// dead_end.nbt contains Crying Obsidian marker at specific position

// 2. PhantomCatacombsBossRoomPlacer periodic check (every 30 seconds)
public static void checkAndPlaceRooms(ServerLevel level) {
    // Find dead-end markers in structure bounding box
    List<BlockPos> deadEndMarkers = findDeadEndMarkers(level, structureOrigin, boundingBox);

    // Require minimum markers (ensures maze generated sufficiently)
    if (deadEndMarkers.size() < 3) return;

    // Evaluate all placements (dead_ends × rotations)
    List<PlacementCandidate> candidates = evaluateAllPlacements(level, deadEndMarkers, ...);

    // 3-stage fallback:
    // Phase 1: Collision-free placement (0 room collisions)
    // Phase 2: Minimal collision (1 room collision, acceptable)
    // Phase 3: Independent placement (hidden chamber, no maze connection)

    PlacementCandidate selected = selectBestCandidate(candidates);

    // Place room_7 (transition) + boss_room
    placeRoom7(level, selected.deadEndPos, selected.rotation);
    placeBossRoom(level, room7ConnectorPos);

    // Remove all remaining dead-end markers
    cleanupMarkers(level, deadEndMarkers);
}

Marker Strategy

Dead-End Marker (Crying Obsidian):

• Placed in dead-end room NBT at specific position
• Indicates potential boss room connection point
• Removed after boss room placement (or if not selected)

Connector Marker (Amethyst Block):

• Placed in room_7 NBT (exit to boss room)
• Placed in boss_room NBT (entrance from room_7)
• Used for Jigsaw-like connection alignment (both markers align to same world position)

Why Two Markers:

• Crying Obsidian: Replacement target (dead-end → room_7)
• Amethyst Block: Connection point (room_7 ↔ boss_room)

Rotation Handling

Challenge: Structures can rotate (NONE, 90°, 180°, 270°), affecting:

• Marker positions
• Entrance/exit directions
• Boss spawn center position

Solution Pattern:

// 1. Detect entrance direction from existing blocks (air = corridor)
Direction entranceDir = detectEntranceDirection(level, markerPos);
Rotation rotation = getRotationFromDirection(entranceDir);

// 2. Calculate rotated marker positions
StructurePlaceSettings settings = new StructurePlaceSettings().setRotation(rotation);
BlockPos rotatedMarker = StructureTemplate.calculateRelativePosition(settings, templateMarker);

// 3. Align markers: worldPos = placementPos + rotatedMarker
BlockPos placementPos = worldMarkerPos.subtract(rotatedMarker);

// 4. Calculate exit direction from rotation
Direction exitDir = getExitDirectionFromRotation(rotation);

// 5. Calculate boss room center from connector (rotation-aware)
BlockPos centerOffset = switch (exitDir) {
    case EAST -> new BlockPos(10, 4, 0);   // Room extends east
    case WEST -> new BlockPos(-10, 4, 0);  // Room extends west
    case NORTH -> new BlockPos(0, 4, -10); // Room extends north
    case SOUTH -> new BlockPos(0, 4, 10);  // Room extends south
};
BlockPos bossRoomCenter = connectorPos.offset(centerOffset);

Critical: Always use rotation-aware calculations, never assume NONE rotation.

Collision Detection for Boss Room Placement

Problem: Boss room might overlap with existing maze rooms.

Solution: Evaluate all candidates and select best option.

// 1. Generate candidates: all dead_ends × valid rotations
for (BlockPos deadEnd : deadEndMarkers) {
    Direction mazeEntranceDir = detectEntranceDirection(level, deadEnd);

    for (Rotation rotation : Rotation.values()) {
        Direction bossRoomDir = getExitDirectionFromRotation(rotation);

        // Skip if boss room would block maze entrance
        if (bossRoomDir == mazeEntranceDir) continue;

        // Calculate placement positions
        BlockPos bossRoomPlacementPos = calculatePlacementPos(...);
        BoundingBox bossRoomBox = calculateBoundingBox(...);

        // Count colliding maze rooms
        int collidingRooms = countCollidingRooms(level, bossRoomBox);

        candidates.add(new PlacementCandidate(deadEnd, rotation, collidingRooms));
    }
}

// 2. Select best candidate
// Phase 1: Prefer collision-free (0 collisions)
List<PlacementCandidate> collisionFree = candidates.stream()
    .filter(c -> c.collidingRoomCount == 0)
    .toList();

if (!collisionFree.isEmpty()) {
    return collisionFree.get(random.nextInt(collisionFree.size()));
}

// Phase 2: Accept minimal collision (1 collision)
List<PlacementCandidate> minimalCollision = candidates.stream()
    .filter(c -> c.collidingRoomCount == 1)
    .toList();

if (!minimalCollision.isEmpty()) {
    return minimalCollision.get(random.nextInt(minimalCollision.size()));
}

// Phase 3: Independent placement (hidden chamber)
return placeBossRoomIndependently(level, structureOrigin);

Room Collision Detection:

private static int countCollidingRooms(ServerLevel level, BoundingBox bossRoomBox) {
    Set<BlockPos> collidingRooms = new HashSet<>();

    for (BlockPos pos : BlockPos.betweenClosed(box.minX(), box.minY(), box.minZ(),
                                                box.maxX(), box.maxY(), box.maxZ())) {
        BlockState state = level.getBlockState(pos);

        // Check for maze structure blocks
        if (state.is(Blocks.DEEPSLATE_BRICKS) || state.is(Blocks.CHEST) || ...) {
            // Estimate room origin (rooms are 7x7, align to grid)
            BlockPos roomOrigin = new BlockPos(
                Math.floorDiv(pos.getX(), 7) * 7,
                pos.getY(),
                Math.floorDiv(pos.getZ(), 7) * 7
            );
            collidingRooms.add(roomOrigin);
        }
    }

    return collidingRooms.size();
}

Terrain Adaptation for Underground + Surface Structures

Problem: Structures with both underground (maze) and surface (entrance) components can cause terrain deletion.

Symptom: Surface terrain (hills, mountains) flattened above underground portions when using terrain_adaptation: "beard_thin".

Solution:

{
  "terrain_adaptation": "none",              // Disable terrain deletion
  "start_height": {"absolute": 0},           // Y=0 start
  "project_start_to_heightmap": "WORLD_SURFACE_WG"  // Entrance projects to surface
}

Effect:

• Surface terrain preserved (no flattening)
• Entrance still accessible from surface
• Minimal visual disruption

Alternative Options (if terrain integration needed):

• "terrain_adaptation": "bury" - Minimal terrain modification
• "terrain_adaptation": "encapsulate" - Structure enclosed in terrain

Boss Spawning System

Pattern: Proximity-based spawning when player enters boss room.

public class BossSpawner {
    // Track boss_room positions (per dimension)
    private static final Map<ResourceLocation, Set<BlockPos>> bossRoomPositions = new HashMap<>();

    // Track spawned boss_rooms (prevent duplicates)
    private static final Map<ResourceLocation, Set<BlockPos>> spawnedBossRooms = new HashMap<>();

    // Boss room placer registers positions after placement
    public static void registerBossRoom(ServerLevel level, BlockPos bossRoomCenter) {
        ResourceLocation dimensionId = level.dimension().location();
        bossRoomPositions.putIfAbsent(dimensionId, new HashSet<>());
        bossRoomPositions.get(dimensionId).add(bossRoomCenter.immutable());
    }

    // Server tick event: check player proximity (every 1 second)
    public static void checkAndSpawnBoss(ServerLevel level) {
        // Check every 20 ticks (1 second)
        if (tickCounter++ < 20) return;
        tickCounter = 0;

        for (BlockPos bossRoomCenter : bossRoomPositions.get(dimensionId)) {
            if (spawnedBossRooms.contains(bossRoomCenter)) continue;

            // Check player proximity (AABB bounds)
            AABB bossRoomBounds = new AABB(bossRoomCenter).inflate(12, 6, 12);

            for (ServerPlayer player : level.players()) {
                if (bossRoomBounds.contains(player.position())) {
                    spawnBoss(level, bossRoomCenter);
                    spawnedBossRooms.add(bossRoomCenter);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Center Position Calculation (rotation-aware):

// From connector position (entrance Amethyst Block)
BlockPos centerOffset = switch (exitDir) {
    case EAST -> new BlockPos(10, 4, 0);   // Room extends 10 blocks east, 4 blocks up
    case WEST -> new BlockPos(-10, 4, 0);
    case NORTH -> new BlockPos(0, 4, -10);
    case SOUTH -> new BlockPos(0, 4, 10);
};
BlockPos bossRoomCenter = connectorPos.offset(centerOffset);

Integration with Waterlogging Prevention

When combining programmatic placement with waterlogging prevention:

1. Boss Room Placement: Apply convert_decorative_water processor list

   StructurePlaceSettings settings = new StructurePlaceSettings()
       .setRotation(rotation);
   
   // Load processor list from registry
   var processorList = level.registryAccess()
       .registryOrThrow(Registries.PROCESSOR_LIST)
       .get(ResourceLocation.fromNamespaceAndPath(MOD_ID, "convert_decorative_water"));
   
   if (processorList != null) {
       for (var processor : processorList.list()) {
           settings.addProcessor(processor);
       }
   }
   
   template.placeInWorld(level, placementPos, placementPos, settings, random, 2);
   

2. Mixin Coordination: StructureStartMixin processes both Jigsaw pieces and programmatic placements

   • HEAD injection: Remove Aquifer water before all placements
   • RETURN injection: Finalize waterlogging after all placements

Reference: Phantom Catacombs (T236m-r) - complete implementation example

Last Updated: 2025-12-08 Maintained by: Chrono Dawn Development Team