Supabase Audit Realtime

Realtime Channel Audit

🔴 CRITICAL: PROGRESSIVE FILE UPDATES REQUIRED

You MUST write to context files AS YOU GO, not just at the end.

• Write to .sb-pentest-context.json IMMEDIATELY after each channel tested
• Log to .sb-pentest-audit.log BEFORE and AFTER each subscription test
• DO NOT wait until the skill completes to update files
• If the skill crashes or is interrupted, all prior findings must already be saved

This is not optional. Failure to write progressively is a critical error.

This skill tests Supabase Realtime WebSocket channels for security issues.

When to Use This Skill

• To check if Realtime channels are properly secured
• To detect unauthorized data streaming
• When Realtime is used for sensitive data
• As part of comprehensive security audit

Prerequisites

• Supabase URL and anon key available
• Detection completed

Understanding Supabase Realtime

Supabase Realtime enables:

wss://[project].supabase.co/realtime/v1/websocket

Security Model

Realtime respects RLS policies:

• ✅ If RLS blocks SELECT, Realtime won't stream
• ❌ If RLS allows SELECT, Realtime streams data
• ⚠️ Broadcast channels can be subscribed without RLS

Tests Performed

Usage

Basic Realtime Audit

Audit Realtime channels on my Supabase project

Test Specific Feature

Test if Postgres Changes streams sensitive data

Output Format

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
 REALTIME CHANNEL AUDIT
═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

 Project: abc123def.supabase.co
 Endpoint: wss://abc123def.supabase.co/realtime/v1/websocket

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 Connection Test
 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 WebSocket Connection: ✅ Established
 Authentication: Anon key accepted
 Protocol: Phoenix channels

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 Postgres Changes Test
 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

 Subscribing to table changes with anon key...

 Table: users
 ├── Subscribe: ✅ Subscribed
 ├── INSERT events: 🔴 P0 - RECEIVING ALL NEW USERS
 ├── UPDATE events: 🔴 P0 - RECEIVING ALL UPDATES
 └── DELETE events: 🔴 P0 - RECEIVING ALL DELETES

 Sample Event Received:
 ```json
 {
   "type": "INSERT",
   "table": "users",
   "record": {
     "id": "550e8400-e29b-...",
     "email": "newuser@example.com",  ← PII STREAMING!
     "name": "New User",
     "created_at": "2025-01-31T10:00:00Z"
   }
 }

Finding: 🔴 P0 - User data streaming without authentication! RLS may not be properly configured for Realtime.

Table: orders ├── Subscribe: ✅ Subscribed ├── INSERT events: ❌ Not receiving (RLS working) ├── UPDATE events: ❌ Not receiving (RLS working) └── DELETE events: ❌ Not receiving (RLS working)

Assessment: ✅ Orders table properly protected.

Table: posts ├── Subscribe: ✅ Subscribed ├── INSERT events: ✅ Receiving published only ├── UPDATE events: ✅ Receiving published only └── DELETE events: ✅ Receiving published only

Assessment: ✅ Posts streaming respects RLS (published only).

───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Broadcast Channel Test ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Attempting to subscribe to common channel names...

Channel: room:lobby ├── Subscribe: ✅ Success ├── Messages: Receiving broadcasts └── Assessment: ℹ️ Open channel (may be intentional)

Channel: admin ├── Subscribe: ✅ Success ← Should this be public? ├── Messages: Receiving admin notifications └── Assessment: 🟠 P1 - Admin channel publicly accessible

Channel: notifications ├── Subscribe: ✅ Success ├── Messages: Receiving user notifications for ALL users! └── Assessment: 🔴 P0 - User notifications exposed

Sample Notification:

{
  "user_id": "123...",
  "type": "payment_received",
  "amount": 150.00,
  "from": "customer@example.com"
}

───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Presence Test ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Channel: online-users ├── Subscribe: ✅ Success ├── Presence List: Receiving all online users └── Users Online: 47

Sample Presence Data:

{
  "user_id": "550e8400-...",
  "email": "user@example.com",
  "status": "online",
  "last_seen": "2025-01-31T14:00:00Z"
}

Assessment: 🟠 P1 - User presence data exposed Consider if email/user_id should be visible.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Summary ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

Postgres Changes: ├── 🔴 P0: users table streaming all data ├── ✅ PASS: orders table protected by RLS └── ✅ PASS: posts table correctly filtered

Broadcast: ├── 🔴 P0: notifications channel exposing user data ├── 🟠 P1: admin channel publicly accessible └── ℹ️ INFO: lobby channel open (review if intended)

Presence: └── 🟠 P1: online-users exposing user details

Critical Findings: 2 High Findings: 2

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ Recommendations ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

1. FIX USERS TABLE RLS Ensure RLS applies to Realtime:

   ALTER TABLE users ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
   
   CREATE POLICY "Users see only themselves"
     ON users FOR SELECT
     USING (auth.uid() = id);
   

2. SECURE BROADCAST CHANNELS Use Realtime Authorization:

   // Require auth for sensitive channels
   const channel = supabase.channel('admin', {
     config: {
       broadcast: { ack: true },
       presence: { key: userId }
     }
   })
   
   // Server-side: validate channel access
   // Use RLS on realtime.channels table
   

3. LIMIT PRESENCE DATA Only share necessary information:

   channel.track({
     online_at: new Date().toISOString()
     // Don't include email, user_id unless needed
   })
   

═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

## Realtime Security Model

### Postgres Changes + RLS

```sql
-- This RLS policy applies to Realtime too
CREATE POLICY "Users see own data"
  ON users FOR SELECT
  USING (auth.uid() = id);

-- With this policy:
-- - API SELECT: Only own data
-- - Realtime: Only own data changes

Broadcast Security

-- Realtime authorization (Supabase extension)
-- Add policies to realtime.channels virtual table

-- Only authenticated users can join
CREATE POLICY "Authenticated users join channels"
  ON realtime.channels FOR SELECT
  USING (auth.role() = 'authenticated');

-- Or restrict specific channels
CREATE POLICY "Admin channel for admins"
  ON realtime.channels FOR SELECT
  USING (
    name != 'admin' OR
    (SELECT is_admin FROM profiles WHERE id = auth.uid())
  );

Context Output

{
  "realtime_audit": {
    "timestamp": "2025-01-31T14:00:00Z",
    "connection": "established",
    "postgres_changes": {
      "users": {
        "subscribed": true,
        "receiving_events": true,
        "severity": "P0",
        "finding": "All user data streaming without RLS"
      },
      "orders": {
        "subscribed": true,
        "receiving_events": false,
        "severity": null,
        "finding": "Properly protected by RLS"
      }
    },
    "broadcast": {
      "notifications": {
        "accessible": true,
        "severity": "P0",
        "finding": "User notifications exposed"
      },
      "admin": {
        "accessible": true,
        "severity": "P1",
        "finding": "Admin channel publicly accessible"
      }
    },
    "presence": {
      "online-users": {
        "accessible": true,
        "severity": "P1",
        "users_visible": 47,
        "finding": "User presence data exposed"
      }
    }
  }
}

Common Realtime Issues

Remediation Examples

Secure Table Streaming

-- Ensure RLS is enabled
ALTER TABLE users ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;

-- Policy for authenticated users only
CREATE POLICY "Users see own profile" ON users
  FOR SELECT
  USING (auth.uid() = id);

-- Realtime will now only stream changes for the authenticated user's row

Secure Broadcast Channels

// Client: Check access before subscribing
const { data: canAccess } = await supabase
  .from('channel_access')
  .select('*')
  .eq('channel', 'admin')
  .eq('user_id', userId)
  .single();

if (canAccess) {
  const channel = supabase.channel('admin');
  channel.subscribe();
}

Minimal Presence Data

// Before (too much data)
channel.track({
  user_id: userId,
  email: email,
  name: fullName,
  avatar: avatarUrl
});

// After (minimal data)
channel.track({
  online_at: new Date().toISOString()
  // User details fetched separately if needed
});

MANDATORY: Progressive Context File Updates

⚠️ This skill MUST update tracking files PROGRESSIVELY during execution, NOT just at the end.

Critical Rule: Write As You Go

DO NOT batch all writes at the end. Instead:

1. Before testing each channel → Log the action to .sb-pentest-audit.log
2. After each data exposure found → Immediately update .sb-pentest-context.json
3. After each subscription test → Log the result immediately

This ensures that if the skill is interrupted, crashes, or times out, all findings up to that point are preserved.

Required Actions (Progressive)

1. Update .sb-pentest-context.json with results:

   {
     "realtime_audit": {
       "timestamp": "...",
       "connection": "established",
       "postgres_changes": { ... },
       "broadcast": { ... },
       "presence": { ... }
     }
   }
   

2. Log to .sb-pentest-audit.log:

   [TIMESTAMP] [supabase-audit-realtime] [START] Auditing Realtime channels
   [TIMESTAMP] [supabase-audit-realtime] [FINDING] P0: users table streaming all data
   [TIMESTAMP] [supabase-audit-realtime] [CONTEXT_UPDATED] .sb-pentest-context.json updated
   

3. If files don't exist, create them before writing.

FAILURE TO UPDATE CONTEXT FILES IS NOT ACCEPTABLE.

MANDATORY: Evidence Collection

📁 Evidence Directory: .sb-pentest-evidence/06-realtime-audit/

Evidence Files to Create

Evidence Format

{
  "evidence_id": "RT-001",
  "timestamp": "2025-01-31T11:05:00Z",
  "category": "realtime-audit",
  "type": "postgres_changes",
  "severity": "P0",

  "table": "users",

  "subscription_test": {
    "channel": "realtime:public:users",
    "subscribed": true,
    "events_received": true
  },

  "sample_event": {
    "type": "INSERT",
    "table": "users",
    "record": {
      "id": "[REDACTED]",
      "email": "[REDACTED]@example.com",
      "name": "[REDACTED]"
    },
    "redacted": true
  },

  "impact": {
    "pii_streaming": true,
    "affected_columns": ["email", "name"],
    "rls_bypass": true
  },

  "websocket_url": "wss://abc123def.supabase.co/realtime/v1/websocket",

  "reproduction_code": "const channel = supabase.channel('realtime:public:users').on('postgres_changes', { event: '*', schema: 'public', table: 'users' }, (payload) => console.log(payload)).subscribe()"
}

Related Skills

• supabase-audit-rls — RLS affects Realtime
• supabase-audit-tables-read — API access is related
• supabase-report — Include in final report