Typescript Strict Config

TypeScript Strict Configuration Skill

This skill defines the strictest possible TypeScript configuration for maximum type safety.

When to Use

Use this skill when:

• Initializing new TypeScript projects
• Upgrading existing projects to strict mode
• Enforcing zero-tolerance type safety
• Reviewing TypeScript configurations

Core Principle

ZERO TOLERANCE FOR any TYPES - Every value must have an explicit, meaningful type.

tsconfig.json Template

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    // Language & Environment
    "target": "ES2022",
    "lib": ["ES2022"],
    "module": "ESNext",
    "moduleResolution": "bundler",

    // Emit
    "declaration": true,
    "declarationMap": true,
    "sourceMap": true,
    "outDir": "./dist",
    "removeComments": false,
    "importHelpers": true,

    // Interop Constraints
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
    "isolatedModules": true,

    // Type Checking - ALL STRICT FLAGS
    "strict": true,
    "noImplicitAny": true,
    "strictNullChecks": true,
    "strictFunctionTypes": true,
    "strictBindCallApply": true,
    "strictPropertyInitialization": true,
    "noImplicitThis": true,
    "useUnknownInCatchVariables": true,
    "alwaysStrict": true,

    // Additional Checks
    "noUnusedLocals": true,
    "noUnusedParameters": true,
    "noImplicitReturns": true,
    "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
    "noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,
    "noImplicitOverride": true,
    "noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature": true,
    "allowUnusedLabels": false,
    "allowUnreachableCode": false,
    "exactOptionalPropertyTypes": true,

    // Completeness
    "skipLibCheck": false,
    "skipDefaultLibCheck": false
  },
  "include": ["src/**/*"],
  "exclude": ["node_modules", "dist", "**/*.test.ts"]
}

Key Flags Explained

Mandatory Strict Flags

• strict: true - Enables all strict type checking options
• noImplicitAny: true - Error on expressions/declarations with implied any type
• strictNullChecks: true - Null and undefined are not assignable to other types
• strictFunctionTypes: true - Function parameters are checked contravariantly
• strictBindCallApply: true - Type-check bind, call, and apply methods
• strictPropertyInitialization: true - Class properties must be initialized
• noImplicitThis: true - Error on this expressions with implied any type
• useUnknownInCatchVariables: true - Catch clause variables are unknown (not any)

Additional Safety Flags

• noUncheckedIndexedAccess: true - Array/index access returns T | undefined
• noImplicitReturns: true - Error when not all code paths return a value
• noFallthroughCasesInSwitch: true - Error on fallthrough cases in switch statements
• noUnusedLocals: true - Error on unused local variables
• noUnusedParameters: true - Error on unused function parameters
• exactOptionalPropertyTypes: true - Enforce exact optional property types
• noPropertyAccessFromIndexSignature: true - Require bracket notation for index signatures

Package.json Scripts

{
  "scripts": {
    "type-check": "tsc --noEmit",
    "type-check:watch": "tsc --noEmit --watch",
    "build": "tsc",
    "clean": "rm -rf dist"
  }
}

Common Patterns

Handling Unknown Types

BAD:

function process(data: any) {  // ❌
  return data.value;
}

GOOD:

function isValidData(value: unknown): value is { value: string } {
  return (
    typeof value === 'object' &&
    value !== null &&
    'value' in value &&
    typeof (value as Record<string, unknown>).value === 'string'
  );
}

function process(data: unknown): string {
  if (!isValidData(data)) {
    throw new Error('Invalid data');
  }
  return data.value;
}

Handling Array Access

With noUncheckedIndexedAccess: true, array access returns T | undefined:

const numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3];

// ❌ Type error - value is number | undefined
const first: number = numbers[0];

// ✅ Explicit check
const first = numbers[0];
if (first !== undefined) {
  console.log(first.toFixed(2));
}

// ✅ Using optional chaining
console.log(numbers[0]?.toFixed(2));

// ✅ Using assertion (only if guaranteed)
const firstAsserted = numbers[0]!;

Handling Null/Undefined

// ❌ Implicit null
let name: string = null;  // Error with strictNullChecks

// ✅ Explicit null
let name: string | null = null;

// ✅ Narrowing
if (name !== null) {
  console.log(name.toUpperCase());
}

// ✅ Optional chaining
console.log(name?.toUpperCase());

// ✅ Nullish coalescing
const displayName = name ?? 'Anonymous';

Catch Clause Variables

With useUnknownInCatchVariables: true:

// ❌ Old way (error is `any`)
try {
  riskyOperation();
} catch (error) {
  console.log(error.message);  // Unsafe
}

// ✅ New way (error is `unknown`)
try {
  riskyOperation();
} catch (error) {
  if (error instanceof Error) {
    console.log(error.message);
  } else {
    console.log('Unknown error:', error);
  }
}

Function Return Types

// ❌ Missing return type
function calculate(x: number) {
  return x * 2;
}

// ✅ Explicit return type
function calculate(x: number): number {
  return x * 2;
}

// ✅ Async function
async function fetchData(id: string): Promise<Data> {
  const response = await fetch(`/api/data/${id}`);
  return response.json() as Promise<Data>;
}

ESLint Integration

Add TypeScript ESLint rules to enforce strict typing:

// eslint.config.ts
import tseslint from 'typescript-eslint';

export default tseslint.config(
  ...tseslint.configs.strictTypeChecked,
  {
    rules: {
      '@typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any': 'error',
      '@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment': 'error',
      '@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-member-access': 'error',
      '@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-call': 'error',
      '@typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-return': 'error',
      '@typescript-eslint/explicit-function-return-type': 'error',
      '@typescript-eslint/explicit-module-boundary-types': 'error',
    },
  },
);

Upgrading Existing Projects

1. Add strict flags incrementally
2. Start with strict: true
3. Fix all errors
4. Add additional flags one by one
5. Use // @ts-expect-error with justification for unavoidable cases

Code Review Checklist

• No any types (explicit or implicit)
• All functions have explicit return types
• All parameters have explicit types
• Proper null/undefined handling
• Array access checked for undefined
• Catch clauses handle unknown error type
• No // @ts-ignore without justification

Notes

• Never disable strict flags to make code compile
• Use unknown instead of any for truly unknown types
• Write type guards for runtime type checking
• All new projects MUST use this configuration
• Zero tolerance for any types