UI Features

UI Feature Implementation

Single entry point for sidecar UI work. All new modals must use internal/modal. For complete keyboard shortcut listings, see references/keyboard-shortcuts-reference.md.

Quick Checklist

• Modals: use internal/modal, render with ui.OverlayModal, avoid manual hit region math
• Pills/chips/tabs: use styles.RenderPillWithStyle; auto-fallback when nerdFontsEnabled is false
• Keyboard: Commands + FocusContext + bindings must match; names short; priorities set
• Mouse: rebuild hit regions on each render; add general regions first, specific last
• Rendering: keep output within View width/height to avoid header/footer overlap. Use contentHeight := height - headerLines - footerLines
• Testing: verify keyboard, mouse, hover, scrolling, and footer hints
• Plugins must NOT render their own footer -- the app renders a unified footer from Commands()

Modals (internal/modal)

All new modals must use internal/modal. See docs/guides/deprecated/declarative-modal-guide.md for the full API.

Create a modal

m := modal.New("Delete Worktree?",
    modal.WithWidth(58),
    modal.WithVariant(modal.VariantDanger),
    modal.WithPrimaryAction("delete"),
).
    AddSection(modal.Text("Name: " + wt.Name)).
    AddSection(modal.Spacer()).
    AddSection(modal.Buttons(
        modal.Btn(" Delete ", "delete", modal.BtnDanger()),
        modal.Btn(" Cancel ", "cancel"),
    ))

Render in View

func (p *Plugin) renderDeleteView(width, height int) string {
    background := p.renderListView(width, height)
    rendered := p.deleteModal.Render(width, height, p.mouseHandler)
    return ui.OverlayModal(background, rendered, width, height)
}

Handle input in Update

case tea.KeyMsg:
    action, cmd := p.deleteModal.HandleKey(msg)
    if action != "" {
        return p.handleModalAction(action)
    }
    return p, cmd

case tea.MouseMsg:
    action := p.deleteModal.HandleMouse(msg, p.mouseHandler)
    if action != "" {
        return p.handleModalAction(action)
    }
    return p, nil

Modal initialization and caching (critical)

Always call ensureModal() in BOTH View and Update handlers. Create an ensure function that:

1. Returns early if required state is missing
2. Caches based on width to avoid rebuilding every frame
3. Creates the modal only when needed

func (p *Plugin) ensureMyModal() {
    if p.targetItem == nil {
        return
    }
    modalW := 50
    if modalW > p.width-4 { modalW = p.width - 4 }
    if modalW < 20 { modalW = 20 }
    if p.myModal != nil && p.myModalWidthCache == modalW {
        return
    }
    p.myModalWidthCache = modalW
    p.myModal = modal.New("Title", modal.WithWidth(modalW), ...).
        AddSection(...)
}

The key handler MUST call ensure before checking nil:

func (p *Plugin) handleMyModalKeys(msg tea.KeyMsg) tea.Cmd {
    p.ensureMyModal()  // CRITICAL: Initialize before nil check
    if p.myModal == nil { return nil }
    action, cmd := p.myModal.HandleKey(msg)
    return cmd
}

Async content invalidation

When modal content depends on async data, invalidate the cache when data arrives:

case MyDataLoadedMsg:
    p.myData = msg.Data
    p.clearMyModal()  // Force rebuild with new content
    return p, nil

Modal keyboard shortcuts and footer hints

Modals need their own focus context and commands for footer hints:

1. Return a dedicated context from FocusContext()
2. Add commands for the modal context in Commands()
3. Add bindings in internal/keymap/bindings.go
4. Intercept custom keys before modal.HandleKey (Tab/Enter/Esc are handled internally)

func (p *Plugin) FocusContext() string {
    switch p.viewMode {
    case ViewModeError:  return "git-error"
    case ViewModePushMenu: return "git-push-menu"
    default: return "git-status"
    }
}

Modal notes

• HandleKey/HandleMouse handle Tab, Shift+Tab, Enter, Esc internally
• Backdrop clicks return "cancel"; use WithCloseOnBackdropClick(false) to disable
• Use built-in sections (Text, Input, Textarea, Buttons, Checkbox, List, When) before custom layouts
• For bespoke layouts, use modal.Custom and return explicit focusable offsets
• SetFocus(id) auto-scrolls viewport to focused element
• Prefer ui.OverlayModal(background, modal, width, height) for dimmed overlays; do not pre-center with lipgloss.Place

Background colors (critical)

Lipgloss Background() does not cascade into child content. ANSI resets clear the parent background. Solution: replace ANSI resets within viewport lines with reset + background re-apply, then pad short lines. See fillBackground in internal/modal/layout.go.

Pill-Shaped Elements (internal/styles)

Controlled by nerdFontsEnabled in ~/.config/sidecar/config.json (ui.nerdFontsEnabled).

// With explicit colors
label := styles.RenderPill("Output", styles.TextPrimary, styles.Primary, "")

// With a lipgloss.Style (preferred for tabs/chips)
active := styles.RenderPillWithStyle("Output", styles.BarChipActive, "")
inactive := styles.RenderPillWithStyle("Diff", styles.BarChip, "")

Available styles: styles.BarChip (inactive), styles.BarChipActive (active), or custom lipgloss.Style.

Test with both nerdFontsEnabled: true and false to verify fallback.

Keyboard Shortcuts

For complete per-plugin shortcut listings, see references/keyboard-shortcuts-reference.md.

Three things must match

1. Command ID in Commands() (e.g., "stage-file")
2. Binding command in internal/keymap/bindings.go (e.g., "stage-file")
3. Context string in both places (e.g., "git-status")

// 1) Commands()
{ID: "stage-file", Name: "Stage", Context: "git-status", Priority: 1}

// 2) FocusContext()
func (p *Plugin) FocusContext() string { return "git-status" }

// 3) bindings.go
{Key: "s", Command: "stage-file", Context: "git-status"}

Multiple contexts (view modes)

Return different context strings from FocusContext() for different modes. Each context gets its own footer hints and key bindings.

Priority guidelines

• 1: Primary actions (Stage, Commit, Open)
• 2: Secondary actions (Diff, Search, Push)
• 3: Tertiary actions (History, Refresh)
• 4+: Palette only

Root contexts (q behavior)

In root contexts, q shows quit confirmation. In non-root, q navigates back. Root contexts: global, conversations, conversations-sidebar, git-status, git-status-commits, git-status-diff, file-browser-tree, workspace-list, td-monitor.

Update isRootContext() in internal/app/update.go when adding new contexts.

Text input contexts

When a view has text input, implement plugin.TextInputConsumer and return true while active. This prevents app-level shortcuts from intercepting typed characters.

func (p *Plugin) ConsumesTextInput() bool {
    return p.showMyModal
}

Footer rendering flow

footerHints()
    +-- pluginFooterHints() -> Commands() filtered by FocusContext(), sorted by Priority
    +-- globalFooterHints() -> App-level hints
renderHintLineTruncated(hints, availableWidth)
    -> Renders left-to-right until width exceeded

Keyboard checklist

• Command in Commands() with ID, Name, Context, Priority
• FocusContext() returns matching context
• Binding in internal/keymap/bindings.go
• Key handled in Update() if app does not intercept
• No conflicting keys in same context
• Short footer hint names, primary actions Priority 1-2
• Verify q behavior with isRootContext()

Core files

Scrollbar (internal/ui)

rendered, geom := ui.RenderScrollbarWithState(ui.ScrollbarParams{
    TotalItems:   len(items),
    ScrollOffset: p.scrollOffset,
    VisibleItems: visibleCount,
    TrackHeight:  height,
}, style) // ui.ScrollbarStyle{Thumb: state, Track: state}; zero value renders byte-identically to RenderScrollbar

Every scrollbar backed by real scroll state is interactive under the mouse (macOS-style), including the terminal panes' bars over captured scrollback. Terminal surfaces map presses and drags through tty.WindowScrollbarFor onto the shared window model: the gesture freezes the window at an absolute start, release thaws (offset zero follows again), and history loads defer to release so a mid-gesture renumber cannot shift the mapping. Adoption ledger: docs/plans/active/mouse-draggable-scrollbars.md ("Adoption outcome").

Pattern: reduce content width by 1, render content, render scrollbar, join horizontally with lipgloss.JoinHorizontal(lipgloss.Top, content, scrollbar).

For multi-line items, set TrackHeight to actual terminal rows: visibleCount * linesPerItem.

Mouse contract per surface:

1. Register ui.RegionScrollbarTrack, then ui.RegionScrollbarThumb, after content regions in the same render pass that builds the HitMap (reverse scan gives the bar its column). Register nothing when geom.HasThumb is false — that column is a spacer.
2. Thumb press = grab at that row; track press = jump-to-spot anchored at the grabbed row; both end in StartDrag so releasing anywhere settles cleanly. Drag maps through ui.OffsetAtRow against the press-time params snapshot; past-end clamps never end the gesture.
3. A rapid second press arrives as ActionDoubleClick: answer it like ActionClick (re-grab), never swallow it.
4. Emphasis derives via ui.HandleStateFrom(hovering, dragging) — intensity modulation on the existing theme keys, no new keys.

Wheel boundaries (required for every new scrollable surface)

Trackpad and Magic Mouse flicks emit hundreds of inertial wheel events. Bubble Tea repaints all of Sidecar after every accepted one, so clamping an offset during Update is too late — the freeze happens before the clamp helps. tea.WithFilter(app.FilterInput) asks one read-only question before Update and View:

Would this exact wheel event change the surface currently under the pointer?

Rule: every new scrollable surface or modal must provide exact pre-update bounds, or explicitly declare why its answer is unknown. "Unknown" is a valid, safe answer — guessing is not. Return true only when the event is a certain no-op.

How to comply:

1. Implement plugin.WheelBoundaryConsumer on the plugin (WheelAtBoundary(tea.MouseWheelMsg) bool) and add var _ plugin.WheelBoundaryConsumer = (*Plugin)(nil).
2. Mirror handleMouseScroll's routing exactly — same hit map, same modal precedence — but load nothing, move nothing, render nothing.
3. Derive the maximum from the same helper the renderer clamps with (internal/scroll.Bounds), never a second copy of the arithmetic.
4. Declarative modals answer for themselves via modal.WheelAtBoundary(msg, handler); the host only owns precedence between a modal, a nested overlay, and a custom scrolling child. Call Invalidate() when content or geometry changes so a stale layout answers unknown instead of wrong.
5. Return false (unknown) for: embedded models you do not own, tmux panes with mouse reporting, scrollback with unloaded history, lazy lists that can load more, and anything before its first trustworthy render.
6. Declare the surface's policy in assembly.WheelBoundaryRegistry (covered / externally-owned / deprecated-exclusion). A new plugin without a row fails the assembly tests; a new ModalKind without a row fails TestEveryModalKindHasALedgerRow in internal/app.
7. Prove it with the shared stress fixture internal/scroll/scrolltest: scrolltest.Run(t, scrolltest.Tail{...}) feeds hundreds of same-direction events and one reverse event, with no sleeps.

Background: docs/plans/active/scroll-inertia-complete-coverage.md.

Wheel burst coalescing (required for every new scrollable surface)

Boundary drop alone is half the protection. A flick that never reaches a boundary — mid-range inertia over a long card — still delivers one event per notch, and each accepted one is an Update + View repaint. tty.WheelBurst / tty.WheelBursts (internal/tty/wheel.go) coalesce a flick into whole flushes: "how much of this burst has the surface earned" lives in that one place, so a flick travels the same distance on every surface.

Rule: every new scrollable content area applies wheel deltas through the shared burst guard and drops at boundaries — both, not either.

How to comply:

1. Hold one tty.WheelBurst per scroll surface. A host with one surface embeds the value in whatever struct owns it (internal/overview/preview.go, workspace issuePane); a host with several uses tty.WheelBursts keyed per leaf/region (Files tree + preview, app content deck).
2. Apply through Add(delta, now); when ok is false the event was held, change nothing, and return early. The held delta rides the next flush — never apply delta directly.
3. Inject the clock for tests: a wheelNow func() time.Time field (Files), the plugin clock (p.now()), or a Model hook (notificationCentreNow). Tests drive a whole flick without sleeping — see internal/plugins/filebrowser/scroll_burst_test.go and the issue-viewer equivalents beside each host.
4. Reset the burst wherever the boundary answer is true, so inertia dropped at the top or bottom cannot spend itself into the next gesture. Crossing surfaces with WheelBursts.For resets automatically.
5. Keyboard scrolling does not coalesce; do not route keys through the burst.

Reference adoptions: embedded terminals (internal/tty/tty.go), Files tree and preview (internal/plugins/filebrowser), workspace terminal + issue panes, overview terminal + issue preview, app content deck + notification centre + issue preview modal.

Mouse Support

Setup

type Plugin struct {
    mouseHandler *mouse.Handler
}
func New() *Plugin {
    return &Plugin{mouseHandler: mouse.NewHandler()}
}

Register hit regions during render

func (p *Plugin) View(width, height int) string {
    p.mouseHandler.Clear()
    p.mouseHandler.HitMap.AddRect("pane", 0, 0, width, height, nil)
    p.mouseHandler.HitMap.AddRect("item", 2, 5, width-4, 1, 0)
    return content
}

Region ordering (critical)

Regions tested in reverse order. Add general regions first, specific regions last.

Pane header controls (internal/ui + internal/panereposition)

A pane header's right edge carries two controls: the layout button ⊞ (U+229E) and the close ×. Both are drawn through ui.ResolveButtonStyle with the same one-cell padding, so a pane header never invents a third button look, and both are gated on the pane_move feature for the layout button's half.

Reserve, do not measure. ui.ReserveHeaderControls(width, controls ...HeaderControl) returns the tab strip's usable width and each control's column in one call; panereposition.ReserveMovableHeader(width, movable, hasClose) is the pane-side wrapper. Each host binds it once per frame in its own reserveHeader/composeHeader pair (workspace.Plugin, overview.Model, app.appContentDeck) so its header renderer, its tab strips and its region sink all measure from one answer — a strip laid out for a different reserve than the header composes is how a tab click lands on the wrong tab.

movable comes from the tree, via panereposition.Movable: it is false with no tree and false for a tree of one leaf. PlanMove refuses every destination on a single leaf, so a control there is a target the user aims at for nothing, and a header with no leaf at all used to compare hover against leaf 0 — which every un-hovered header matches — and paint a permanently hovered button. ui.ReserveHeaderClose remains a one-line compatibility wrapper for headers that carry only the ×. The arithmetic assumes a one-column glyph and the test suite pins ansi.StringWidth of the rendered label; a wider glyph silently shifts every hit region on the row.

Drop order as the row narrows: the layout button goes first, the close × last. A control is dropped all-or-nothing. A half-drawn control is a target whose meaning cannot be recovered, and the close button is the one a user cannot work around.

The Layout region rung is after Title and before Close. paneframe.RegionSink registers Layout(node *panelayout.Node, hit Box) at that rung for the same reason RegisterRegions documents for the close button, one step earlier: regions are tested in reverse order, so the later-registered Close wins the cell it actually occupies while Layout still outranks the title strip underneath it. All three pane hosts implement it beside their close-region binding, with the same hover tracking.

The button opens panereposition.Controller — the same modal M opens. See .claude/skills/keyboard-shortcuts/SKILL.md for the key and its target resolution, and .claude/skills/drag-pane/SKILL.md for where the region sits in the windowing model.

Coordinate system

App offsets Y by headerHeight (the single painted header row) before forwarding to plugins. Plugins operate in local coords where Y=0 is plugin content top.

Common patterns

• Click to select/focus, scroll wheel to move, double-click to open
• Drag regions for pane resizing
• Hover for visual feedback (focus takes precedence)

Mouse troubleshooting