mariadb-corporation MariaDB Aggregate Functions
Last updated: 2026-06-24
Catalog of every built-in aggregate function in MariaDB, with signature and a one-line semantic summary per entry. For a function not listed here, fall back to the canonical reference at https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions. For GROUP BY, HAVING, WITH ROLLUP, and window-function OVER() mechanics, see mariadb-select.
Default context: Assume MariaDB 11.8 LTS (GA May 2025) unless the user states another version. Functions with a
*(since X.Y)*annotation are only available from that version onward; everything else is in every current LTS branch (10.6, 10.11, 11.4, 11.8).
What LLMs Often Miss
| If the agent writes / assumes… | …prefer the MariaDB form |
|---|---|
COUNT(col) counts every row, the same as COUNT(*) |
COUNT(*) counts all rows (including NULLs); COUNT(expr) counts only non-NULL expr; COUNT(DISTINCT expr) counts distinct non-NULL values. All three can differ on the same column |
SUM/AVG/MIN/MAX factor NULL rows into the result |
Every aggregate except COUNT(*) skips NULL rows. AVG(col) is sum-of-non-null ÷ count-of-non-null — NULLs change the denominator, not just the numerator |
SUM/AVG over an empty set returns 0 |
On no matching rows, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, GROUP_CONCAT, and the STDDEV/VAR family return NULL; only COUNT returns 0 |
GROUP_CONCAT(...) returns the full concatenation |
Output is silently capped at group_concat_max_len (default 1 MB) and truncated. A truncation warning is raised (not an error) — check SHOW WARNINGS, or raise the variable |
GROUP_CONCAT is plain concatenation with no ordering or dedup |
It takes [DISTINCT], ORDER BY, SEPARATOR str (default comma; SEPARATOR '' for none), and LIMIT, all inside the call: GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT x ORDER BY y SEPARATOR '; ' LIMIT 10) |
| Selecting non-grouped columns will be rejected (ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY) | MariaDB's default sql_mode does not include ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY, so the query runs and returns an arbitrary row's value per group — a silent-bug source. Add the column to GROUP BY, or enable ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY to make it an error |
STDDEV(x) / STD(x) is the sample standard deviation |
STD, STDDEV, and STDDEV_POP all return the population standard deviation (÷N). For the sample value (÷N−1) use STDDEV_SAMP. Likewise VARIANCE/VAR_POP are population; VAR_SAMP is sample |
Any aggregate works as a window function with OVER() |
Most do (COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX, BIT_*, the stats family). But SUM/AVG with DISTINCT cannot be window functions, and JSON_ARRAYAGG/JSON_OBJECTAGG cannot either |
MIN(enum_col) / MAX(enum_col) orders by the declared ENUM order |
MIN/MAX compare ENUM/SET by string value, not declared position — the result can differ from ORDER BY enum_col LIMIT 1 |
BIT_AND/BIT_OR/BIT_XOR work at the column's native width |
They always compute at 64-bit precision and ignore NULLs. On an all-NULL/empty set they return the identity (BIT_AND → all bits set, BIT_OR/BIT_XOR → 0) |
| Aggregating JSON needs a custom function | Use JSON_ARRAYAGG / JSON_OBJECTAGG — but they're catalogued under mariadb-json-functions (they live in the JSON tree), and their output is also bounded by group_concat_max_len |
For COUNT(DISTINCT expr [, expr...]) specifically, note it counts distinct non-NULL combinations across the listed expressions.
Functions
Auto-generated from the canonical server/reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions/ pages by agent-skills/extractor/extract_function_category.py; regenerate when the doc tree changes. Do not hand-edit between the markers. (The JSON aggregates JSON_ARRAYAGG/JSON_OBJECTAGG live in the JSON tree — see mariadb-json-functions.)
AVG
AVG([DISTINCT] expr)
Returns the average value of expr.
BIT_AND
BIT_AND(expr) [over_clause]
Returns the bitwise AND of all bits in expr.
BIT_OR
BIT_OR(expr) [over_clause]
Returns the bitwise OR of all bits in expr.
BIT_XOR
BIT_XOR(expr) [over_clause]
Returns the bitwise XOR of all bits in expr.
COUNT
COUNT(expr)
Returns a count of the number of non-NULL values of expr in the rows retrieved by a SELECT statement.
GROUP_CONCAT
GROUP_CONCAT(expr)
This function returns a string result with the concatenated non-NULL values from a group.
MAX
MAX([DISTINCT] expr)
Returns the largest, or maximum, value of expr.
MIN
MIN([DISTINCT] expr)
Returns the minimum value of expr.
STD
STD(expr)
Returns the population standard deviation of expr.
STDDEV
STDDEV(expr)
Returns the population standard deviation of expr.
STDDEV_POP
STDDEV_POP(expr)
Returns the population standard deviation of expr (the square root of VAR_POP()).
STDDEV_SAMP
STDDEV_SAMP(expr)
Returns the sample standard deviation of expr (the square root of VAR_SAMP()).
SUM
SUM([DISTINCT] expr)
Returns the sum of expr.
VARIANCE
VARIANCE(expr)
Returns the population standard variance of expr.
VAR_POP
VAR_POP(expr)
Returns the population standard variance of expr.
VAR_SAMP
VAR_SAMP(expr)
Returns the sample variance of expr.
See Also
mariadb-select—GROUP BY,HAVING,WITH ROLLUP, and window-functionOVER()mechanics; theONLY_FULL_GROUP_BYinteractionmariadb-json-functions—JSON_ARRAYAGG/JSON_OBJECTAGGmariadb-string-functions— non-aggregate string building (CONCAT,CONCAT_WS)- Canonical reference on
mariadb.com/docs: https://mariadb.com/docs/server/reference/sql-functions/aggregate-functions
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