Python Monorepo

Python Monorepo with uv Workspaces

Modern Python monorepo architecture using uv for workspace management and mise for Python version and task orchestration.

Core Concepts

Monorepo: Single repository containing multiple related packages and applications

uv workspace: Python's answer to npm/pnpm workspaces

• Single lock file for entire repo
• Shared virtual environment
• Cross-package dependency resolution

Directory Structure

my-monorepo/
├── .mise.toml           # Python version + task runner
├── pyproject.toml       # Root workspace config
├── uv.lock              # Unified lock file
├── apps/                # Deployable applications
│   ├── api/
│   └── worker/
└── packages/            # Shared libraries
    ├── core/
    └── utils/

Workspace Configuration

Root pyproject.toml:

[project]
name = "my-monorepo"
version = "0.1.0"
requires-python = ">=3.12"

[tool.uv.workspace]
members = ["apps/*", "packages/*"]

[dependency-groups]
dev = [
    "pytest",
    "ruff",
    "basedpyright",
]

See references/workspace-config.md for detailed configurations.

Package Linking

Workspace packages reference each other by distribution name:

packages/utils/pyproject.toml:

[project]
name = "my-utils"
dependencies = ["my-core"]

[tool.uv.sources]
my-core = { workspace = true }

apps/api/pyproject.toml:

[project]
name = "my-api"
dependencies = ["my-core", "my-utils", "fastapi>=0.100.0"]

[tool.uv.sources]
my-core = { workspace = true }
my-utils = { workspace = true }

Cross-Package Import

packages/core/src/my_core/entities.py:

class User:
    def __init__(self, email: str):
        self.email = email

apps/api/src/my_api/main.py:

from my_core.entities import User  # Import from workspace package

def run() -> None:
    # App code...

Dependency Direction (Critical)

apps/ → packages/  (Apps depend on packages)
packages/ ⇏ apps/  (Never the reverse)

Rules:

• Apps can depend on packages
• Packages can depend on other packages
• Packages should not normally depend on deployable apps; allow an exception only when the architecture explicitly requires it.
• Avoid circular dependencies

mise Task Runner

.mise.toml:

[tools]
python = "3.14"

[tasks.check]
depends = ["lint", "typecheck", "test"]

[tasks.lint]
run = "uv run ruff check ."

Usage: mise run check

Core uv Commands

uv sync                           # Root project and its dependency closure
uv sync --all-packages            # Every workspace member
uv add fastapi --package my-api   # Add to specific package
uv add my-core --package my-api   # Add workspace package
uv run pytest                      # Run tests
uv lock --upgrade                 # Update dependencies

Best Practices

1. Single lock file at root
2. Shared dev tools in root dependency groups
3. Pin Python version with mise
4. Apps depend on packages only
5. Use namespace packages for logical grouping (optional)

References

For detailed patterns:

• Workspace configuration - sources, commands, and version policy
• Docker - reproducible, non-root workspace images
• Namespace packages - PEP 420 package layouts