E2e Tests Studio

E2E Behavior Validation for Frontend Modifications

Core Principle: Test Product Behavior, Not UI States

CRITICAL: Tests must verify that product features WORK correctly, not just that UI elements render.

What NOT to test (UI States):

• ❌ "Dropdown opens when clicked"
• ❌ "Modal appears after button click"
• ❌ "Loading spinner shows during request"
• ❌ "Form fields are visible"
• ❌ "Sidebar collapses"

What TO test (Product Behavior):

• ✅ "Selecting an LLM provider configures the agent to use that provider"
• ✅ "Creating a new agent persists it and shows in the agents list"
• ✅ "Running a tool with parameters returns the expected output"
• ✅ "Chat messages stream correctly and maintain conversation context"
• ✅ "Workflow execution triggers tools in the correct order"

BDD Structure (REQUIRED)

Every E2E spec MUST follow the same BDD shape as the MSW tests. In packages/playground, e2e-bdd/test-needs-when-describe enforces this shape.

The structure has exactly three levels:

1. Outer test.describe = the unit under test (one page or feature per file).
2. Inner test.describe('when …') = exactly ONE precondition. The title MUST start with when.
3. Each test = exactly ONE observable outcome.

import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
import { resetStorage } from '../__utils__/reset-storage';

test.describe('Tools list page', () => {
  // the unit
  test.afterEach(async () => {
    await resetStorage();
  });

  test.describe('when a registered tool is clicked', () => {
    // ONE precondition (starts with "when")
    test('navigates to that tool detail page', async ({ page }) => {
      // ONE outcome
      await page.goto('/tools');
      await page.locator('text=Get current weather for a location').click();
      await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/tools\/weatherInfo$/);
    });

    test('shows the tool name as the page heading', async ({ page }) => {
      // ONE outcome
      await page.goto('/tools');
      await page.locator('text=Get current weather for a location').click();
      await expect(page.locator('h2')).toHaveText('weatherInfo');
    });
  });
});

Rules:

• One outer test.describe per file naming the unit.
• Every leaf test lives inside a test.describe('when …') precondition group. No top-level flat test().
• Split a multi-assertion test() only where assertions represent distinct outcomes; keep tightly-coupled assertions that prove a single outcome together. Never drop an assertion.
• Place beforeEach/afterEach in the narrowest describe scope that needs them.

Prerequisites

Requires Playwright MCP server. If the browser_navigate tool is unavailable, instruct the user to add it:

claude mcp add playwright -- npx @playwright/mcp@latest

Step 1: Understand the Feature Intent

Before writing ANY test, answer these questions:

1. What user problem does this feature solve?
2. What is the expected outcome when the feature works correctly?
3. What data flows through the system? (user input → API → state → UI)
4. What should persist after page reload?
5. What downstream effects should this action have?

Document these answers as comments in your test file.

Step 2: Build and Start

pnpm build:cli
cd packages/playground/e2e/kitchen-sink && pnpm dev

Verify server at http://localhost:4111

Step 3: Map Feature to Behavior Tests

Feature-to-Test Mapping Guide

Step 4: Write Behavior-Focused Tests

Test Structure Template

import { test, expect, Page } from '@playwright/test';
import { resetStorage } from '../__utils__/reset-storage';
import { selectFixture } from '../__utils__/select-fixture';
import { nanoid } from 'nanoid';

/**
 * FEATURE: [Name of feature]
 * USER STORY: As a user, I want to [action] so that [outcome]
 * BEHAVIOR UNDER TEST: [Specific behavior being validated]
 */

test.describe('[Feature Name] - Behavior Tests', () => {
  let page: Page;

  test.beforeEach(async ({ browser }) => {
    const context = await browser.newContext();
    page = await context.newPage();
  });

  test.afterEach(async () => {
    await resetStorage(page);
  });

  test.describe('when [the single precondition for these outcomes]', () => {
    test('[verb describing the single observable outcome]', async () => {
      // ARRANGE: Set up preconditions
      // - Navigate to the feature
      // - Configure any required state
      // ACT: Perform the user action that triggers the behavior
      // ASSERT: Verify the OUTCOME, not the UI state
      // - Check data persistence
      // - Verify downstream effects
      // - Confirm API calls made correctly
    });
  });
});

Behavior Test Patterns

Pattern 1: Configuration Affects Behavior

test.describe('when a different LLM provider is selected', () => {
  test('uses that provider for agent responses', async () => {
    // ARRANGE
    await page.goto('/agents/my-agent/chat');

    // Intercept API to verify provider
    let capturedProvider: string | null = null;
    await page.route('**/api/chat', route => {
      const body = JSON.parse(route.request().postData() || '{}');
      capturedProvider = body.provider;
      route.continue();
    });

    // ACT: Select a different provider
    await page.getByTestId('provider-selector').click();
    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'OpenAI' }).click();

    // Send a message to trigger the agent
    await page.getByTestId('chat-input').fill('Hello');
    await page.getByTestId('send-button').click();

    // ASSERT: Verify the selected provider was used
    await expect.poll(() => capturedProvider).toBe('openai');
  });
});

Pattern 2: Data Persistence

test.describe('when a new agent is created', () => {
  test('persists after page reload', async () => {
    // ARRANGE
    await page.goto('/agents');
    const agentName = `Test Agent ${nanoid()}`;

    // ACT: Create new agent
    await page.getByTestId('create-agent-button').click();
    await page.getByTestId('agent-name-input').fill(agentName);
    await page.getByTestId('save-agent-button').click();

    // Wait for creation to complete
    await expect(page.getByText(agentName)).toBeVisible();

    // ASSERT: Verify persistence
    await page.reload();
    await expect(page.getByText(agentName)).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });
  });
});

Pattern 3: Tool Execution Produces Correct Output

test.describe('when the weather tool is executed with a city', () => {
  test('returns formatted weather data for that city', async () => {
    // ARRANGE
    await selectFixture(page, 'weather-success');
    await page.goto('/tools/weather-tool');

    // ACT: Execute tool with parameters
    await page.getByTestId('param-city').fill('San Francisco');
    await page.getByTestId('execute-tool-button').click();

    // ASSERT: Verify OUTPUT content, not just that output appears
    const output = page.getByTestId('tool-output');
    await expect(output).toContainText('temperature');
    await expect(output).toContainText('San Francisco');

    // Verify structured data if applicable
    const outputText = await output.textContent();
    const outputData = JSON.parse(outputText || '{}');
    expect(outputData).toHaveProperty('temperature');
    expect(outputData).toHaveProperty('conditions');
  });
});

Pattern 4: Workflow Step Chaining

test.describe('when a multi-step workflow is run', () => {
  test('passes data between steps correctly', async () => {
    // ARRANGE
    await selectFixture(page, 'workflow-multi-step');
    const sessionId = nanoid();
    await page.goto(`/workflows/data-pipeline?session=${sessionId}`);

    // ACT: Trigger workflow execution
    await page.getByTestId('workflow-input').fill('test input data');
    await page.getByTestId('run-workflow-button').click();

    // ASSERT: Verify each step received correct input from previous step
    // Wait for completion
    await expect(page.getByTestId('workflow-status')).toHaveText('completed', { timeout: 30000 });

    // Check step outputs show data transformation chain
    const step1Output = await page.getByTestId('step-1-output').textContent();
    const step2Output = await page.getByTestId('step-2-output').textContent();

    // Verify step 2 received step 1's output as input
    expect(step2Output).toContain(step1Output);
  });
});

Pattern 5: Streaming Chat with Context

test.describe('when a multi-turn conversation is held', () => {
  test('maintains conversation context across messages', async () => {
    // ARRANGE
    await selectFixture(page, 'contextual-chat');
    const chatId = nanoid();
    await page.goto(`/agents/assistant/chat/${chatId}`);

    // ACT: Multi-turn conversation
    await page.getByTestId('chat-input').fill('My name is Alice');
    await page.getByTestId('send-button').click();
    await expect(page.getByTestId('assistant-message').last()).toBeVisible({ timeout: 20000 });

    await page.getByTestId('chat-input').fill('What is my name?');
    await page.getByTestId('send-button').click();

    // ASSERT: Verify context was maintained
    const response = page.getByTestId('assistant-message').last();
    await expect(response).toContainText('Alice', { timeout: 20000 });
  });
});

Pattern 6: Error Recovery

test.describe('when the API fails during tool execution', () => {
  test('shows an actionable error and allows a successful retry', async () => {
    // ARRANGE: Set up failure fixture
    await selectFixture(page, 'api-failure');
    await page.goto('/tools/flaky-tool');

    // ACT: Trigger the error
    await page.getByTestId('execute-tool-button').click();

    // ASSERT: Error is shown with recovery option
    await expect(page.getByTestId('error-message')).toContainText('failed');
    await expect(page.getByTestId('retry-button')).toBeVisible();

    // Switch to success fixture and retry
    await selectFixture(page, 'api-success');
    await page.getByTestId('retry-button').click();

    // Verify recovery worked
    await expect(page.getByTestId('tool-output')).toBeVisible({ timeout: 10000 });
    await expect(page.getByTestId('error-message')).not.toBeVisible();
  });
});

Step 5: Update Existing Tests

When a test file already exists:

1. Read the existing tests to understand current coverage
2. Identify if tests are UI-focused or behavior-focused
3. Refactor UI-focused tests to verify behavior instead:

Refactoring Example

BEFORE (UI-focused):

test('dropdown opens when clicked', async () => {
  await page.getByTestId('model-dropdown').click();
  await expect(page.getByRole('listbox')).toBeVisible();
});

AFTER (Behavior-focused + BDD nesting):

test.describe('when a model is selected from the dropdown', () => {
  test('updates and persists the agent configuration', async () => {
    // Open dropdown and select model
    await page.getByTestId('model-dropdown').click();
    await page.getByRole('option', { name: 'GPT-4' }).click();

    // Verify the selection persists and affects behavior
    await page.reload();
    await expect(page.getByTestId('model-dropdown')).toHaveText('GPT-4');

    // Optionally: verify the model is used in actual requests
    // (via request interception or checking response metadata)
  });
});

Step 6: Kitchen-Sink Fixtures for Behavior Testing

Fixtures should represent realistic scenarios, not just mock data:

Fixture Naming Convention

<feature>-<scenario>.fixture.ts

Examples:
- agent-with-tools.fixture.ts
- chat-multi-turn-context.fixture.ts
- workflow-parallel-execution.fixture.ts
- tool-validation-error.fixture.ts
- mcp-server-timeout.fixture.ts

Fixture Content Requirements

Each fixture must define:

1. Scenario description (what behavior it enables testing)
2. Expected outcomes (what assertions should pass)
3. Edge cases covered (error states, empty states, etc.)

// fixtures/agent-provider-switch.fixture.ts
export const agentProviderSwitch = {
  name: 'agent-provider-switch',
  description: 'Tests that switching LLM providers changes agent behavior',

  // Mock responses for different providers
  responses: {
    openai: { content: 'Response from OpenAI', model: 'gpt-4' },
    anthropic: { content: 'Response from Anthropic', model: 'claude-3' },
  },

  expectedBehavior: {
    // When provider is switched, subsequent messages use new provider
    providerSwitchAffectsNextMessage: true,
    // Provider selection persists across page reload
    providerPersistsOnReload: true,
  },
};

Step 7: Run and Validate

cd packages/playground && pnpm test:e2e

Test Quality Checklist

Before considering tests complete, verify:

• Each test has a clear user story comment
• One outer test.describe names the unit under test
• Every test is nested in a test.describe('when …') precondition block (no flat top-level test())
• Each test asserts exactly ONE observable outcome
• Tests verify OUTCOMES, not intermediate UI states
• Tests would FAIL if the feature broke (not just if UI changed)
• Persistence is verified via page.reload() where applicable
• Error scenarios are covered
• Tests use appropriate timeouts for async operations
• Fixtures represent realistic usage scenarios

Quick Reference

Anti-Patterns to Avoid